Efficient heat-insulating material based on technogenic anhydrite

Con en om his wo k may be used unde he e ms o heC ea i eCommonsA ibu ion 3.0 licence. Any u he dis ibu ion o his wo k mus main ain a ibu ion o he au ho (s) and he i le o he wo k, jou nal ci a ion and DOI. Published unde licence by IOP Publishing L d IMST 2019 IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 660 (2019) 012052 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/660/1/012052 1 E icien hea -insula ing ma e ial based on echnogenic anhyd i e G I Yako le 1, D A Kalabina1, G N Pe ushin1, R D ochy ka2, K A Bazheno 1, A F Go dina1 and J N Ginchi skaya1 1 Kalashniko Izhe sk S a e Technical Uni e si y, 426069 Izhe sk, Russia 2 B no Uni e si y o Technology, 601 90 B no, Czech Republic E-mail: [email p o ec ed] Abs ac . Physical and mechanical p ope ies o he hea -insula ing composi ion based on high-s eng h anhyd i e binde wi h expanded pe li e sand as a ligh weigh agg ega e ha e been s udied. The s udy has e alua ed he in luence o wo po ing componen s, ai -en aining addi i es and aluminum powde suspension, on he main cha ac e is ics o he composi ion: he comp essi e s eng h o he sample, i s a e age densi y, he mal conduc i i y, and wa e abso p ion. The s udies ha e shown ha adding an ai -en aining agen in an amoun o 1.2% by he weigh o d y luo oanhyd i e signi ican ly in luenced he dec ease in he a e age densi y (up o 37%) o he ma e ial. The de eloped composi ion wi h a ligh weigh agg ega e based on expanded pe li e sand and an ai -en aining addi i e can be used in cons uc ion as an e icien hea -insula ing ma e ial, including o illing ca i y walls du ing ame cons uc ion. 1. In oduc ion The main ask o mode n building ma e ials science is o inc ease he use o ecycled ma e ials in he p oduc ion o building ma e ials o imp o e he en i onmen al si ua ion in places o indus ial dumping and o educe he cos o he inished p oduc . A cheap eplacemen o na u al gypsum is was e om a ious indus ies, such as phosphogypsum [1-4], ed gypsum [5, 6], gypsum o med du ing lue gas desulphu isa ion [7, 8], and luo oanhyd i e p oduced du ing he p oduc ion o hyd o luo ic acid. Despi e he en i onmen al iendliness o gypsum, i s use in cons uc ion emains qui e na ow. Mos o en i is used in he o m o in e nal plas e s, gypsum boa ds, and blocks o pa i ions. Howe e , he po en ial use o gypsum is much wide . Gypsum blocks can also be used as ex e nal bea ing elemen s wi h p ope hyd ophobiza ion [9, 10]. Ano he p omising me hod o applica ion is he de elopmen o po ous gypsum composi ions, which can be ob ained as a oamed o expanded gypsum solu ion, in which po ous s uc u e is o med by chemical addi i es [11, 12] o using ligh weigh agg ega es [13, 14]. To achie e he se objec i e, while s udying oamed gypsum mix u es [11], aluminum sulpha e was used as a gas- o ming addi i e. The a e age densi y was 694 kg/m3, and he comp essi e s eng h 0.63 MPa. The expanded gypsum wi h ammonium bica bona e had a bulk densi y o 756 kg/m3 and a comp essi e s eng h o 0.35 MPa. S udy [12] p o ides in o ma ion on he de elopmen o po ous gypsum ma e ials wi h an a e age densi y o 200 o 700 kg/m3. The composi ion wi h a densi y o 500 kg/m3 p o ided a he mal conduc i i y o 0.16 W/m·K and a comp essi e s eng h o 0.7 MPa IMST 2019 IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 660 (2019) 012052 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/660/1/012052 2 A icle [15] p o ides a solu ion o he p oduc ion o ligh weigh gypsum composi es based on a high-densi y ma ix wi h expanded pe li e as an ul aligh agg ega e. The binde was made on he basis o gypsum was e o med du ing lue gas desulphu isa ion. A liquid acid agen ob ained om aluminum sul a e and dissol ed in wa e ci ic acid was used as he acid gas- o ming componen [16]. 20% pe li e being added o he mass o gypsum, he a e age densi y o he ma e ial dec eased o 300 kg/m3, he he mal conduc i i y coe icien o 0.08 W/mK, while he comp essi e s eng h dec eased o 0.3 MPa. 5% pe li e being added o he mass o gypsum, he a e age densi y o he ma e ial was 547 kg/m3 , he s eng h was 2 MPa and he he mal conduc i i y was 0.12 W/mK. The objec i e o his s udy was o educe he a e age densi y and he mal conduc i i y o he luo oanhyd i e composi ion wi h expanded pe li e sand as a ligh weigh agg ega e o he alues ha mee he equi emen s o he mal insula ion ma e ials. Ea lie s udies o luo oanhyd i e composi ions wi h expanded pe li e sand con en om 45% o 85% by he olume o d y ma e showed ha i is impossible o educe he a e age densi y wi hou using addi ional componen s - when he con en o pe li e is 85%, he a e age densi y dec eases only o 660 kg/m3 while he comp essi e s eng h o he sample a he age o 7 days alls o 0.75 MPa. I has been expe imen ally p o ed ha a u he inc ease in he con en o expanded pe li e is imp ac ical since he samples a e des oyed du ing demolding. The e o e, in o de o u he educe he densi y o he ma e ial, po ing agen s, aluminum powde and an ai en aining agen , we e added o he composi ion. 2. Ma e ials and me hods The p oduced composi ions we e based o high-s eng h anhyd i e binde p epa ed in acco dance wi h wo k [17], 75% expanded pe li e sand being added by he olume o d y ma e as an ul a-ligh agg ega e. Fo p oducing a high-s eng h binde , powde ed luo oanhyd i e was used, which is a was e p oduc o hyd o luo ic acid p oduced by “HaloPolyme ”. To ac i a e he p ocesses o s uc u e o ma ion o luo oanhyd i e, 3% aqueous solu ion o sodium phospha e Na3PO4 was used. The chemical composi ion o luo anhyd i e [18] is gi en in Table 1. Table 1. Chemical composi ion o luo anhyd i e, %. СаО SO3CaF2SiO2А12О3Fe2O3 35.0-36.5 no less han 45 2.2-5 2.6-3.4 0.5-0.7 0.2-0.95 The conduc ed dispe sion analysis o g ound luo oanhyd i e using a SALD-7500nano Shimadzu lase analyze showed ha he a e age pa icle diame e is 10.5 μm (Figu e 1). I is necessa y o no e he p esence o a nanodispe sed componen in he composi ion o luo oanhyd i e wi h he a e age pa icle size o 140 nm. IMST 2019 IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 660 (2019) 012052 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/660/1/012052 3 Figu e 1. Dispe sion analysis o g ound luo oanhyd i e. Expanded pe li e sand (GOST 10832-2009) wi h a bulk densi y o 98.9 kg/m3 was used in he expe imen . The chemical composi ion o expanded pe li e sand is gi en in Table 2. Тable 2. Сhemical composi ion o expanded pe li e sand, %. SiO2Al2O3K2O TiO2CaO + Mg2O + Fe2O3 73 15 4.7 5.0 2.3 Dispe sion analysis (Figu e 2) showed ha he a e age pa icle size o he expanded pe li e sand is 65 μm, up o 72% o he pa icles o he expanded sand ha e sizes up o 100 μm. Figu e 2. Dispe sion analysis o expanded pe li e. IMST 2019 IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 660 (2019) 012052 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/660/1/012052 4 Aluminum powde suspension and Po alan STA ai -en aining addi i e p oduced by he Czech company S achema we e used as po ing agen s. In o de o ensu e uni o mi y o he mix u e and uni o m dis ibu ion o he addi i e in he composi ion, he aluminum powde suspension was p epa ed on he basis o su ac an in a a io o 1 pa o powde o 10 pa s o su ac an . Мass p opo ions o he main componen s: -wa e 48% - luo oanhyd i e 41% -expanded pe li e sand 11% Po ing componen s we e added o he composi ion consis ing o high-s eng h luo oanhyd i e binde and expanded pe li e sand. In o de o ensu e be e adhesion, expanded pe li e sand was added o a p e iously p epa ed solu ion based on luo oanhyd i e mixed wi h a 3% aqueous solu ion o sodium phospha e Na3PO4. Such a sequence makes i possible o ha den he composi ion due o he physicochemical in e ac ion be ween he binde ma ix and he su ace o he expanded pe li e pa icles, which is con i med by analyzing he mic os uc u e o he sample wi h a pe li e con en o 45% by he olume o d y ma e pe o med on he MIRA3 TESCAN mic oscope a he AdMaS Technical Uni e si y o B no (Figu e 3a). Figu e 3b shows chemical in e ac ion o he binde a he in e phase bounda y be ween pe li e and he luo oanhyd i e ma ix wi h he appea ance o needle-like new o ma ions [19]. а) b) Figu e 3. a) Mic os uc u e o he in e ace a 10000- old magni ica ion b) Physical and chemical in e ac ion o he binde ma ix wi h he su ace o he expanded pe li e a 40000- old magni ica ion. The esul ing mix u e was pu in molds o 40x40x160 mm and ha dened in he ai . In he p ocess o ha dening, he s uc u e o he composi ion was o med due o he hyd a ion o luo oanhyd i e wi h he o ma ion o a binding ma ix based on calcium sul a e dihyd a e. Tes samples o he composi ions we e ca ied ou in acco dance wi h he equi emen s o GOST 23789-2018. 3. Resul s and discussions To s udy he physical and mechanical p ope ies, he ollowing samples we e p epa ed: 1 - composi ion wi h 75% expanded pe li e, wi hou addi i es; IMST 2019 IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 660 (2019) 012052 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/660/1/012052 5 2 - composi ion wi h 75% expanded pe li e wi h aluminum powde suspension in an amoun o 0.1% by he weigh o d y luo oanhyd i e; 3 - composi ion wi h 75% expanded pe li e wi h an ai en aining addi i e in he amoun o 1.2% by he weigh o d y luo oanhyd i e. The esul s o physical and mechanical es s a e gi en in Table 3. Table 3. Physical and mechanical p ope ies o anhyd i e composi ion. Compo si ion Flexu al s eng h, MPa Comp essi e s eng h, MPa Densi y kg/м3 The mal conduc i i y W/mK. So ening coe icien Cs Wa e abso p ion % 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days 1 0.553 1,417 1.325 2,732 873 0.228 0.42 36.4 2 0.534 * 0.711 * 587 0.131 0.44 82.2 3 0.597 * 0.912 * 546 0.127 0.50 96.5 *Indica o s we e no de e mined o echnical easons. As seen om Table 3, adding a suspension o aluminum powde allowed o educe he a e age densi y o he composi ion by 33%, he ensile s eng h o he sample p ac ically being no changed, and he comp essi e s eng h o he sample dec eased by 46%. Using ai -en aining addi i es allowed o educe he a e age densi y o he composi ion by 37%, and he comp essi e s eng h o he sample a he age o 7 days dec eased by 31%, which is no c i ical o a hea -insula ion ma e ial. Analysis o he mic os uc u e o he samples wi h an elec onic USB mic oscope (Fig. 4) made i possible o es ablish he p esence o la ge po es (up o 2 mm) in he composi ion wi hou addi i es. Aluminum powde being added, la ge po es a e no obse ed, and he e is an inc ease in he numbe o small po es (0.2-0.5 mm), which leads o he ma e ial sh inkage du ing he ha dening p ocess. This causes mic oc acks and educed s eng h. Ai -en aining addi i e being used, he numbe o small po es also inc eased. In his case, he po es a e dis ibu ed mo e e enly han wi h aluminum powde , mic oc acks a e absen . a) b) c) Figu e 4. Mic os uc u e o samples a 50- old magni ica ion a) he sample wi hou addi i es; b) wi h aluminium powde ; c) wi h an ai -en aining addi i e. Thus, we can conclude ha he mos e ec i e solu ion o he p oblem o educing he a e age densi y o he luo oanhyd i e composi ion wi h expanded pe li e sand was he use o Po alan STA ai - en aining agen . I s use allows o ob ain a hea -insula ing composi ion wi h he ollowing pa ame e s: he a e age densi y is 546 kg/m3, he he mal conduc i i y coe icien is 0.127 W/mK, he comp essi e s eng h on he 7 h day is 0.912 MPa. IMST 2019 IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 660 (2019) 012052 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/660/1/012052 6 Сonclusion The de eloped luo oanhyd i e composi ion wi h a ligh weigh agg ega e based on expanded pe li e sand and Po alan STA ai -en aining addi i e can be used in cons uc ion as an e ec i e hea - insula ing ma e ial, including o illing ca i y walls du ing ame cons uc ion. I ully mee s he equi emen s o he alues o physico-mechanical pa ame e s imposed on hea -insula ing ma e ials and complies wi h he ask o expanding he ield o applica ion o indus ial was es in building ma e ials science. Acknowledgemen s The s udy was ca ied ou wi hin he amewo k o a s a e ask on he o de o he Minis y o Educa ion o he Russian Fede a ion [p ojec No. 16.7823.2017 / 7.8], wi h inancial suppo om Izhe sk S a e Technical Uni e si y named a e M.Т. Kalashniko [08.06.01 / 18YGI]. Re e ences [1] Degi menci, N. 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