The Possibilities of Bim Quality Control in the Game Development Environment

THE POSSIBILITIES OF BIM QUALITY CONTROL IN THE GAME DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT T. Vola ik 1, M. Ku uc1, R. K a och íl 1, O. Vys a ěl 1 1Ins i u e o Geodesy, FCE BUT, Ve eří 95, B no, Czech Republic - ( ola ik. , ku uc.m, icha d.k a och il, ond ej. ys a el)@ u b .cz Commission V, WG V/7 KEY WORDS: he i age building in o ma ion modelling (HBIM), lase scanning, quali y con ol, as-buil documen a ion, isualiza ion. ABSTRACT: The quali y con ol o he BIM model o be deli e ed is one o he mos impo an s eps in he p ocess o in o ma ion modelling. Quali y con ol can ake place on se e al le els. Fi s o all, i is a con ol o geome ic pa ame e s, especially a con ol o he ela i e accu acy o he esul ing model wi h espec o he modelled eal objec . Ano he ype o quali y con ol can be a check o he comple eness o he model, whe he he esul ing model con ains all he elemen s ha a e o be included in he model acco ding o he equi emen s. MEP equipmen such as i e ex inguishe s, o example, is a subs an ial con en o BIM models. This may also be ela ed o he equi ed le el o LOD, e.g. whe he hese elemen s a e modelled wi h he equi ed le el o de ail. Fu he mo e, he isual p ope ies o he indi idual elemen s can be checked, o example whe he he su ace inish o he wall co esponds o eali y. Subsequen ly, da abase and desc ip i e in o ma ion o indi idual elemen s should be checked, such as echnical pa ame e s o a ious i ems o echnical equipmen o MEP con en . This a icle desc ibes a ian s o he publica ion o a building in o ma ion model o he pu poses o BIM model quali y con ol. The p ocedu e o c ea ing he inal applica ion in he game de elopmen en i onmen Un eal Engine (Epic Games) is desc ibed on he example o a BIM model o a his o ical building om he middle o he 19 h cen u y. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 An in oduc ion o BIM quali y and i s con ol New equi emen s o quali y con ol ha e come wi h he s a o BIM s yle o modelling. Old adi ional CAD design needed only g aphical con ol. Howe e , BIM s yle o modelling has come wi h a comple ely di e en ype o wo k. The inal model is no only abou geome y bu also abou non-geome ic in o ma ion. Fo a quick check o wha o expec in a BIM model we can use Le el o De elopmen (LOD) which is used o desc ip ion in which s a e he building is. The e a e six le els used. Fo a u he check o wha o expec in a BIM model can be used wo e ms om he echnical s anda d BS EN ISO 19650. These de ine Le els o de ini ion ( o me ly known as le els o de ail) which ha e wo componen s: ●Le el o Geome y (LOG) – g aphical con en s o model ●Le el o In o ma ion (LOI) – non-g aphical con en s o model Bo h o hem a e di ided in o ca ego ies, so called le els which desc ibe how elabo a ed he elemen s in he model a e. LOG and LOI a e igh ly connec ed because i makes mo e sense o ha e hem on he same le el. In he nex pic u e we can see examples o usage o LOG wi h LOD oge he . Howe e , i is again no necessa y o ha e hem on he same le el bu i is be e . Figu e 1. LOD and LOG ep esen a ion. These le els a e impo an o he in es o because he de ines wha le el is expec ed o be deli e ed. Fo in es o s i is e y impo an o se an app op ia e le el which sui s hem he mos . As i is men ioned in (B umana, 2021) he de ini ion o LOG and LOD a e undamen al concep s in oduced in he digi iza ion p ocess. 1.2 The p ocess o making a BIM model Making a BIM model is qui e a complex p ocedu e and lo s o e o s can occu on he way. Fi s o all, a geode ic ne wo k is made. Then g ound con ol poin s a e measu ed om geode ic poin s. Geode ic measu emen s can be in hese days e y p ecise and quali y con ol o geode ic measu emen is e y well known and desc ibed. The second ac is mass collec ion o da a. Fo his pu pose he e a e used s a ic lase scanne s, mobile mapping de ices o The In e na ional A chi es o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume XLVI-5/W1-2022 Measu emen , Visualisa ion and P ocessing in BIM o Design and Cons uc ion Managemen II, 7–8 Feb. 2022, P ague, Czech Republic This con ibu ion has been pee - e iewed. h ps://doi.o g/10.5194/isp s-a chi es-XLVI-5-W1-2022-239-2022 | © Au ho (s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. 239 pho og amme y. The esul is a poin cloud. Quali y con ol o a poin cloud should be done ia con ol poin s. I is necessa y o ha e a ep esen a i e quan um o con ol poin s which a e spaced ou equally h oughou he whole objec . This ype o quali y con ol is also well known and desc ibed. The hi d pa o wo k is BIM modelling. Fi s ly, we model he geome y o he objec . Especially o as-buil modelling o exis ing buildings i is essen ial o make some kind o gene alisa ion. His o ical buildings a e e en mo e di icul o model because o no being igh -angula and o en sligh ly damaged. Secondly, we add non-g aphical con en s o he model. 2. RESEARCH BACKGROUND Ban i, F., 2021 w i es abou how o use BIM echnology o modelling o exis ing his o ical buildings and how o use HBIM o Digi al Cul u al He i age (DCH). A pa o he pape desc ibes he p ocess now called scan- o-BIM. A need o DCH is explici ly s a ed in he conclusion: “The digi al accele a ion due o he pandemic has in luenced he way we communica e and sha e in o ma ion.“ The COVID pandemic played a signi ican ole in he c ea ion o digi al wins o his o ical monumen s. The ocus o he esea ch in his pape is abou mo ing wi h HBIM e en mo e, mo e speci ically in o VR and AR. “Based on he esea ch esul s epo ed in his s udy, i is possible o e i y ha i ual space o e s a much s onge sense o p esence han adi ional o ms o da a sha ing. Wi h VR and AR, use s eel close and a e in mo e di ec con ac wi h buildings''. Bagnolo, V. e al., 2021 p oposes an HBIM wo k low o econs uc ion o 3D en i onmen s o his o ic buildings s a ing om lase scanning su eying app oach.“ The inal s ep is isualiza ion in a game engine en i onmen . “Game engines a e used o he isualiza ion o BIM models, as o he c ea ion o i ual ou s o o he en ichmen o he in o ma ion displayed h ough i ual o augmen ed eali y.“ This s a emen is in ull ag eemen wi h he la e pape om M . Ban i. A e y good oppo uni y o game engines in HBIM a e o i ual ou s. Wang, J. e al., 2015 ha e de eloped a “p o o ype o eal- ime cons uc ion quali y con ol“. I consis s o LiDAR and BIM eal ime sys ems. “The sys em can au oma ically collec onsi e quali y da a, pe o m compa ison be ween as-buil poin cloud da a and an as-planned BIM model, and assess cons uc ion quali y. Wi h his sys em, h ee bene i s can be iden i ied: sa e y, accessibili y, e iciency.” This sys em can be used on-si e o eal ime con ols o exis ing cons uc ions. Ki imäki, T. & Heikkilä, R., 2015 w i es abou “p ojec quali y con ol, which enables eal- ime moni o ing o p ojec p og ess and quali y“. The esea ch is on examples o ailway and oad cons uc ion p ojec s in Finland. The main esul is ha he speed o quali y con ol was imp o ed. “3D design su aces we e p oduced and s o ed on a cen al collabo a ion cloud sys em. All measu emen de ices used on he si e we e in eg a ed o he collabo a ion cloud ia in e ne connec ion“. 3. METHODOLOGY The au ho s a e speci ically ocused on he as-buil BIM models o his o ical buildings. C ea ion o he as-buil BIM equi es comp ehensi e geoda a acquisi ion such as g ound con ol poin s, poin clouds as well as image y. Consequen ly, he BIM modelling p ocess is pe o med based on he 3D da a. As-buil BIM is si e-speci ic, he e o e he building elemen s ha e o be modelled based on eal si ua ions. This p ocess has o ollow pa icula quali y measu es such as geome ic igh ness, le el o de ail as well as co ec unc ion o he elemen in he BIM model. Types o e o s in he model ●Quan i a i e / quali a i e ( ela ed o he le el o LOD - whe he i is an e o o a deg ee o gene aliza ion). Quan i a i e - e.g. inco ec dimensions o he elemen (dimension o he mason y, size o he opening, heigh o he oom, e c.), numbe o hea ing ins, numbe o luminai es, size o he dis ibu ion box, heigh le el o he washbasin, e c. Quali a i e - e.g. mason y speci ica ions, plas e colo / ype, loo / loo co e ing ype, luminai e ype, hea ing ype, physical p ope ies o he ma e ial, inco ec ype o elemen ma e ial (e.g. s ai case ma e ial, ailing ma e ial, hand ail ma e ial…). missing elemen s - missing ca ego ies o elemen s (e.g. elec ical swi ches, socke s, ●Topological inco ec connec ion o adjoining s uc u es (usually i is an inco ec echnological p ocedu e o wo k in he gi en so wa e) - "gaps" may a ise be ween elemen s (e.g. be ween mason y in indi idual loo s, in connec ions o ho izon al building s uc u es o e ical, inco ec in e connec ion o indi idual laye s o mason y, e c. ●Deg ee o de ail some building s uc u es, especially o his o ic buildings, may be equipped wi h a chi ec u al elemen s ha a e di icul o model (e.g. ounding o he co ne o he mason y in he doo opening a ea, s ucco on he acade in he window a ea, ein o cemen o he mason y in he co ne s o he building, balus ades a ound he s ai case, e c.) , in he model, such elemen s can be ei he gene alized o neglec ed / omi ed in he case o modeled elemen s he e may be di e en le els o de ail (e.g. window elemen s can be modeled in de ail - including sash hinges, i ings, e c., while o he elemen s such as doo s may lack p ojec ions and he su ace s uc u e o doo ames). ●Visual inco ec su ace p ope ies o he ma e ial, which a e o en isible only when ende ing he model (glossy / ma su ace o he loo mole, plas e s uc u e, pain colo , colo shade o he cladding / ma e ial, e c.). In he case o his o ic buildings, he e is damage o he building due o ime ( allen plas e , pa ially damaged / missing mason y, e c. ●Visualiza ion p oblems Each objec is ac ually loca ed in a speci ic en i onmen (su ounding ees, su ounding buildings, e ain elie , hills / slopes in he su ounding a ea, o ien a ion o he sides o he wo ld), his is ela ed o he ype o sunligh / shading o he objec , how ligh pene a es inside he objec du ing he day e c. Usually, he objec is no modeled wi h de ailed modeling o he su ounding en i onmen , which du ing isualiza ions causes The In e na ional A chi es o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume XLVI-5/W1-2022 Measu emen , Visualisa ion and P ocessing in BIM o Design and Cons uc ion Managemen II, 7–8 Feb. 2022, P ague, Czech Republic This con ibu ion has been pee - e iewed. h ps://doi.o g/10.5194/isp s-a chi es-XLVI-5-W1-2022-239-2022 | © Au ho (s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. 240 unna u al scenes caused, o example, by he ac ha ligh pene a es he model h ough a window ha is ac ually shaded by ees, e c. The e o s na u ally occu du ing he modelling phase. The e o s can no be a oided, he e o e a subsequen p ocess o quali y managemen has o be ca ied ou . The au ho s sugges a p ocess analog o a debugging p ocess wi h espec o so wa e de elopmen . Ini ially, he modelling o wall and loo s uc u es akes place in BIM modelling. This s age is usually inclinable o p oduce opological e o s in he BIM model. Acco dingly, he debugging p ocess should ake place o esol e hese e o s be o e he nex s age o modelling. BIM modelling so wa e like Au odesk Re i does no allow use s o mo e eely h ough he model. Hence, he game engines a e designed o de elop an applica ion in which he use s can in e ac wi h he BIM model a bi a ily. Thus, he debugging p ocess and quali y assu ance could be e icien ly ca ied ou in a game engine en i onmen . In he ollowing sec ion he au ho s desc ibe quali y assu ance on he example o BIM o a his o ical building Hube cen um (Ci y o K oměříž, Czechia). 4. QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN AS-BUILT DOCUMENTATION Recen ly, he au ho s ha e been wo king on as-buil BIM documen a ion o his o ical buildings o o me cowshed om 1850 known as Hube cen um (Ci y o K oměříž, Czechia). The comp ehensi e wo k in he si e consis s o 3D lase scanning, geode ic su ey o g ound con ol poin s, image y as well as ideo oo age acquisi ion. A e wa ds, he BIM modelling has been p o ided. Ne e heless, his building has many speci ic building elemen s o be modelled wi h espec o BIM me hodology. The e o e, he BIM model has been implemen ed in o he applica ion called BIMQC c ea ed by he au ho s in Un eal Engine o p o ide quali y assu ance. These elemen s a e desc ibed below as well as po en ial e o s o ypes desc ibed abo e. An example o he esul ing BIM model o he desc ibed building is shown in Figu e 2. Figu e 2. View o esul ing BIM model. The ollowing igu es show examples o isualiza ion o a modelled building in he en i onmen o he Un eal Engine (Epic Games). The oo cons uc ion has been e u bished in he pas 10 yea s, he e o e he e a e ca pen y elemen s o wo di e en phases (Fig. 3). Figu e 3. View o he oo cons uc ion. His o ic buildings o e a numbe o a ypical building elemen s. The Hube cen um building was designed o be simila o Kačina Cas le in he Empi e s yle. The building con ains a colonnade, a ex insc ip ion on he acade, a his o ical a ic, co nices and o he design elemen s. Figu e 4. Example - ex on he acade. Ano he a ypical elemen is he window shown in Figu e 5. The lowe pa o which is p o ided wi h shu e s on he ou side, bu in eali y he window opening is only in he uppe glazed pa . Behind he shu e s a he bo om o he window is solid mason y, hese shu e s a e a ached o he acade only as a design elemen . The In e na ional A chi es o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume XLVI-5/W1-2022 Measu emen , Visualisa ion and P ocessing in BIM o Design and Cons uc ion Managemen II, 7–8 Feb. 2022, P ague, Czech Republic This con ibu ion has been pee - e iewed. h ps://doi.o g/10.5194/isp s-a chi es-XLVI-5-W1-2022-239-2022 | © Au ho (s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. 241 Figu e 5. Example o a ypical window. The ollowing igu e shows he connec ion e o o ho izon al and e ical building s uc u es ha a e no connec ed co ec ly. In he co ne o he building, a space was c ea ed ha is no illed wi h mason y. This is an example o a opological e o - w ong connec ion o mason y. Figu e 6. Example o e o - missing pa o mason y. The buil -in clock (Fig. 7) is modelled as a gene al Re i amily model consis ing o cus om clock hands as well as speci ic on o clock dial. Howe e , he ma e ial de ini ion e o occu s as he clock ace is modelled anspa en . The hands o he clock seem o le i a e in he ai . Figu e 7. Buil -in clock on acade. 5. CONCLUSIONS The quali y assu ance p ocess was es ed on he example o he model o he his o ical building Hube cen um in he Ci y o K oměříž in Un eal Engine. The goal was o es ablish he quali y assu ance p ocess o he esul ing model wi hou he need o p o essional CAD so wa e (e.g. Au odesk Re i ). In he case o he Hube cen um building in he Ci y o K oměříž, he au ho s ca ied ou a comple e geode ic su ey o he building in o de o documen he cu en s a e. The comp ehensi e wo k in he si e consis s o 3D lase scanning, geode ic su ey o g ound con ol poin s, image y as well as ideo oo age acquisi ion. Du ing he li e cycle o a building, da a managemen is pe o med by a numbe o use s and p o essions, which do no always ha e he same ha dwa e and so wa e equipmen as building designe s. A scene was c ea ed in he Un eal Engine en i onmen , he basis o which was a model expo ed om Au odesk Re i . This scene can be expo ed as a s andalone applica ion, making i usable o many use s as i does no equi e speci ic so wa e. The au ho s sugges conside ing he debugging phase o quali y assu ance o he BIM model. The e o e, he au ho s will ocus on de eloping he BIMQC applica ion wi h espec o he BIM model quali y assu ance in he modelling phases. REFERENCES Bagnolo, V. e al., 2021. BEYOND HBIM: SERIOUS GAMES AND PROCEDURAL MODELLING FOR HERITAGE DISSEMINATION. The In e na ional A chi es o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion The In e na ional A chi es o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume XLVI-5/W1-2022 Measu emen , Visualisa ion and P ocessing in BIM o Design and Cons uc ion Managemen II, 7–8 Feb. 2022, P ague, Czech Republic This con ibu ion has been pee - e iewed. h ps://doi.o g/10.5194/isp s-a chi es-XLVI-5-W1-2022-239-2022 | © Au ho (s) 2022. CC BY 4.0 License. 242 Sciences, XLVI-4/W4-2021, pp.55-60. 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