Visualization Tool for Control Signalling in NG-PON2

Visualiza ion Tool o Con ol Signalling in NG-PON2 Michal Ju cik, and Tomas Ho a h Abs ac —The equi emen s o end use s on he quali y o In e ne connec ion and se ices is o cing he In e ne p o ide s and echnical communi y o p opose and in oduce new ech- nologies which may eac o his demand. The mos p omising solu ion in his ega d seems o be a passi e op ical ne wo k. The e a e many s anda ds and ecommenda ions p o ided by he o ganiza ions IEEE and ITU-T, such as EPON, GEPON, G-PON, XG-PON, and newly added NG-PON2 desc ibed in he ITU-T G.989 ecommenda ion. Due o he implemen a ion o TWDM mechanism he ecommenda ion desc ibes addi ional con ol messages o manage he whole ne wo k. This leads us o a need o a isualiza ion ool which clea ly shows con ol message lows and e en s be ween ONU and OLT uni s o each s a e. The applica ion, designed by he au ho s and de eloped in C# p og amming language, is mainly ocused on educa ion pu poses, bu could be also use ul o skilled indus y p o essionals and in gene al hose who ha e ead he s anda d bu a e no ully amilia wi h he sequence o da a low in NG-PON2. Index Te ms—NG-PON2, isualiza ion, PLOAM, C#. I. INTRODUCTION DUE o inc easing equi emen s o end use s on he quali y o In e ne se ices and o e ed ansmission speeds, he ISPs (In e ne Se ices P o ide s) and echnical communi y a e mo i a ed o p opose and in oduce new echnologies which eac o his demand. Acco ding o [1], he In e ne ideo applica ions will expe ience an annual g ow h a e o 47 % in he nea u u e. Op ical ne wo ks ha e become a s anda d o bo h anspo and access ne wo ks. Passi e op ical ne wo ks a e widely conside ed as a p omising solu ion o he u u e In e ne connec ion due o highe bandwid h capaci y and ansmission s abili y [2], [3]. PONs a e being buil acco ding o s anda ds and ecom- menda ions de ined by he o ganiza ions IEEE (Ins i u e o Elec ical and Elec onics Enginee s) and ITU-T (In e na ional Telecommunica ion Union, Telecommunica ion di ision). In gene al, he IEEE s anda ds domina e in Asia and ITU- T s anda ds domina e in Eu ope. This a icle deals mainly wi h he ITU-T s anda d NG-PON2 (Nex Gene a ion PON) desc ibed in he ITU-T G.989 s anda d [4]. The i s s anda d o passi e op ical ne wo ks was APON (ATM Passi e Op ical Manusc ip ecei ed Feb ua y 14, 2016; e ised June 8, 2016. Resea ch desc ibed in his pape was inanced by he Na ional Sus ainabili y P og am unde g an LO1401, SIX CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0072 and he Eu opean Cen e o Excellence CEITEC CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068. Fo he esea ch, in- as uc u e o he SIX Cen e was used. Au ho s a e wi h he Depa men o Physics and Depa men o Telecommunica ions, he Facul y o Elec ical Enginee ing and Commu- nica ion, B no Uni e si y o Technology, B no, Czech Republic (E-mails: [email p o ec ed].cz, [email p o ec ed].cz). Ne wo k) ollowed by BPON (B oadband PON). Bo h o hem used ATM (Asynch onous T ans e Mode) cells a he ne wo k laye . Then he i s s anda d wi h ansmission speed in he ange o Gbi /s, GPON (Gigabi PON), was app o ed in 2005. The main di e ence be ween GPON and he p e ious s an- da ds was he used ansmission uni as in GPON bo h E he ne ames and/o ATM cells can be used. E olu ion o passi e op ical ne wo k echnologies is aimed a o e ing highe ans- mission a es wi h communica ion model con e ging o he E he ne echnology. The ITU-T s anda ds use a p op ie a y encapsula ion me hod - e ec i ely he E he ne ame is mapped in o GTC (Gigabi PON T ansmission Con e gence) model by GEM (Gigabi Encapsula ion Me hod). Cus ome ’s demand o e en highe bandwid h o mul imedia se ices (Ne lix, 4K ideo e c.) esul ed in de elopmen o ano he s anda d wi h 10 Gbi /s ansmission speed: XG-PON (Nex Gene a ion PON). Cu en esea ch o ITU-T is concen a ed on NG-PON2 (Nex Gene a ion PON S age 2) s anda d. This op ical ne wo k speci ica ion, based on XG-PON modi ica ion wi h ex ensi e TC (T ansmission Con e gence) laye op i- miza ion. A new p oposal o NG-PON2 sha es majo i y o key p ope ies wi h XG-PON ne wo k. The main di e ences a e he ansmission a e (up o 40 Gbi /s in compa ison o 10 Gbi /s), he geog aphic ange o he passi e pa o he ne wo k (up o 40 km, an ex ension om 20 km), and also highe spli a io (up o 1:256 ins ead o maximum o 1:128). Da a ansmission in his ne wo k uses a combina ion o mul iplexing me hods: TDM (Time Di ision Mul iplexing) and WDM (Wa eleng h Di ision Mul iplexing) known as TWDM (Time Wa eleng h Di ision Mul iplexing). The main inno a ion in he ITU-T d a ecommenda ion o NG-PON2 (ITU-T G.989) is he implemen a ion o TWDM. Since he OLT (Op ical Line Te mina ion) and ONU (Op ical Ne wo k Uni ) mus nego ia e he use o speci ic wa eleng h channels, he d a had o be ex ended o include new al- go i hms and con ol messages. The ecommenda ion also desc ibes, in e alia, all he p inciples o connec ion es ab- lishmen , nego ia ion and liaising in hese ne wo ks. Commu- nica ion condi ions and alloca ion s uc u es sen be ween he uni s a e desc ibed as well. E e y manu ac u e o he ne wo k equipmen o NG-PON2 ne wo k has o accu a ely implemen his unc ionali ies. This a icle desc ibes con ol messages and da a which a e exchanged be ween ONU and OLT uni s du ing he ope a ion s a es. Due o he complexi y o communica ion in NG-PON2 ne wo k we ha e decided o c ea e an applica ion so wa e in C# p og amming language o demons a e his issue. The JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 12, NO. 2, JUNE 2016 117 1845-6421/06/8451 © 2016 CCIS O iginal scien i ic pape applica ion is able o simula e all he s a es including secu i y op ions, which a e clea ly so ed in he lis box acco ding o ITU-T G.989.3 ecommenda ion. The use may choose any ope a ion s a e and ollow he exac con en o he indi idual epo s and ime s o use bu ons o con ol o communica ion model and simula e ne wo k aul s. The main bene i o his solu ion is ha he pe son who ope a es he applica ion does no need a comple e o e iew o all e en s which ake place du ing connec ion and da a ans e phases. The applica ion is p ima y used by s uden s in he cou se ”Op ical Ne wo ks”, bu could be also use ul o skilled indus y p o essionals as a e e ence and in gene al o hose who ha e ead he s anda d bu a e no ully amilia wi h he sequence o da a low in NG-PON2. The ou line o his pape is o ganized as ollows. In Sec- ion II, we gi e an o e iew o he ela ed wo ks. The hand- shake algo i hm be ween OLT and ONU and se ice PLOAM (Physical Laye Ope a ions, Adminis a ion and Main enance) messages and ope a ional s a es a e desc ibed in Sec ion III. A desc ip ion o he de elopmen o he so wa e o ne wo k isualiza ion is p o ided in Sec ion IV. Finally, we conclude his pape in Sec ion V. II. RELATED WORKS In ecen yea s, many wo ks dealing wi h passi e op ical ne wo ks ha e been published. Se e al di e en publica ions and pape s om public sec o and comme ce ocused on he NG-PON2 s anda d a e a ailable. Un o una ely, mos o hem deal only wi h he physical laye . Fo example, in he pape [5] he au ho s desc ibe in luence o c oss- alk on he upg adabili y o TWDM-PON. The wo k [6] deals wi h ans- mission line edundancy in NG-PON2 ne wo ks. The au ho s also p esen Ma ko chain models o he se ice ailu e du ing econnec ion p ocess. The pape s [7], [8] in oduce he design o he new ne wo k in g een ield scena io. The a icle [7] deals wi h he physical laye pa ame e s, especially spli a io, dis ibu ion ne wo ks, wa eleng h plan, Raman ibe non-linea i y ela ed deg ada ion, and in e channel c oss- alk ole ance. In [8], wa eleng h con ol, echnology easibili y, managemen and con ol channel design, and po en ial u u e s anda diza ion di ec ions o such a mul i-wa eleng h PON sys em a e discussed. Au ho s o [9] analyze he issue how he XG-PON and NG-PON2 sys ems will compe e, coexis , o coope a e. No ele an publica ions dealing wi h simula ions and de ailed desc ip ion o highe laye s ( han he physical laye ) in he NG-PON 2 s anda d can be ound. The e a e only some simula ions o he olde s anda d XG-PON p esen ed by Xiuchao e al. [10]. The au ho s ha e also p esen ed a pape ocused on he TC laye in he XG-PON s anda d, [11]. III. HANDSHAKE ALGORITHM The p ocess o connec ion es ablishmen is known as he ONU ac i a ion cycle. I consis s o nine ope a ing s a es be ween OLT and ONU, desc ibed below in de ail. The s a e diag am is displayed in Fig. 1. Ini ial S a e (O1) Se ial Numbe S a e (02-3) Ope a ion S a e (O5) Ranging S a e (O4) In e mi en LODS s a e (O6) Eme gency s op S a e (O7) Downs eam Tuning S a e (O8) Ups eam Tuning S a e (O9) ONU is synch onized Alloca ion o ONU-ID PLOAM TO3 expi es Equaliza ion Delay Assignmen Loss o downs eam synch oniza ion Downs eam synch oniza ion losses Downs eam synch oniza ion losses TO4 expi es Deac i a e ONU-ID eques Deac i a e ONU-ID eques Downs eam synch oniza ion es o es TO2 expi es Enable SN Reques TO1 expi es Disable SN Reques Disable SN Reques Disable SN Reques Disable SN eques Disable SN eques Disable SN eques TO4 expi es, Deac i a e ONU-ID eques Deac i a e ONU-ID eques o T05 expi es DWN sync OK Disable SN eques Fig. 1. The s a es diag am o NG-PON2 [4]. A. Se ice PLOAM messages The con ol signalling be ween OLT and ONU is based on PLOAM message exchange. The PLOAM message leng h is 48 oc e s and hey ha e a well-de ined o ma , see Tab. I. Messages a e ansmi ed using he so-called PLOAM channel and allow o ull managemen o he NG-PON2 ne wo k. TABLE I PLOAM MESSAGE CONTENT. Oc e Field 1-2 Speci ica ion o ONU-ID 3 Message ype ID 4 Sequence numbe 5-40 Message con en 41-48 Message in eg i y check The numbe o dis inc PLOAM messages is ini e in NG-PON2 ecommenda ion and hey a e di ided be ween downs eam and ups eam di ec ions. Fu he , he messages a e di ided acco ding o hei des ina ion on a unicas and b oadcas . PLOAM channel ca ies he ollowing ins uc ions [4]: •A anging o communica ion p o iles. •Ac i a ion, deac i a ion and egis a ion o ONU uni s. •T ansmission o in o ma ion o secu e communica ion. •In o ma ion o uning he wa eleng h. •Ins uc ions o con ol sys em powe managemen o de ices. These messages ha e a p ominen ole in he NG-PON2 p o ocol, and a e included in he isualiza ion so wa e. 118 JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 12, NO. 2, JUNE 2016 B. S a e O1 – Ini ial s a e This is he de aul s a e when ONU is swi ched on, ans- mission is disabled. In his s a e he ONU ies o synch onize wi h he OLT uni . ONU ecei es all downs eam PHY ames and looks o a PSync (Physical Synch oniza ion) ield which con ains a 64-bi ixed sequence 0×C5E51840FD59BB49. The sequence appea s in all PHY ames (in bo h he downs eam and he ups eam di ec ions) and de e mines he s a o he ame. Nex he ONU ob ains PHY ame bounda y (due o ixed ame leng h) and s a s pa sing o all incoming PLOAM messages. The ONU collec s all se ings om he OLT o allow o ansmission - sys em (ID 0x17), channel (ID 0x18) and bu s (ID 0x01) p o iles. As soon as all his in o ma ion is ecei ed he ONU mo es o s a e O2-3 [4]. C. S a e O2-3 – Se ial Numbe S a e The ONU s a s he disco e y ime TOZ, ac i a es i s ansmi e , and makes bes e o o une i o he ups eam wa eleng h channel co esponding o he hos downs eam wa eleng h channel used. The OLT pe iodically sends b oad- cas in-band se ial numbe g an wi h Alloc-ID 1021 (10G +2.5G lines), 1022 (10G line) o 1023 (2.5G line). I he OLT suppo s bo h 10G and 2.5G ups eam a es i should use Alloc-ID 1021 o educe he ime equi ed o connec ion es ablishmen . The ONU wai s o in-band se ial numbe g an om OLT and once he ONU ecei es i , i esponds wi h an in-band Se ial Numbe ONU PLOAM message wi h he Random delay ield se . The ONU wai s o esponse om he OLT un il he ime TOZ expi es. Possible incoming messages ega ding o ansmission wa eleng h nego ia ion a e Calib a- ion Reques message (0×13) ha o ces he ONU o calib a e and une up he ecei e o he ansmi e while emaining in he s a e O2–3, o Adjus Tx Wa eleng h message (0×14) ha commands he ONU o modi y he ansmi e wa eleng h and e u n o he s a e O1. When he ONU ecei es he Assign ONU-ID message wi h unique ID, i ad ances o he s a e O4. O he wise he ONU e u ns o he s a e O1 and begins he sea ch o an al e na i e downs eam wa eleng h channel [4]. D. S a e O4 – Ranging s a e The ONU s a s he anging ime TO1. The ONU wai s o he Ranging Time message (0×04) om he OLT. Du ing he wai ing he OLT may send a Reques Regis a ion message (0×09) o eques an ONU egis a ion ID. The ONU esponds wi h Regis a ion message (0×02). Once he ONU ecei es a Ranging Time PLOAM message wi h upda ed equaliza ion delay i sends he Regis a ion message and ad ances o he s a e O5. When he ime TO1 expi es, he ONU igno es he assigned ONU ID alue along wi h de aul Alloc-ID and de aul OMCI XGEM po -ID and e u ns back o s a e O2– 3. All he p o ile in o ma ion collec ed in he ch onologically p e ious s a es is p ese ed [4]. E. S a e O5 – Ope a ion s a e The ONU p ocesses downs eam ames and ansmi s up- s eam bu s s, as di ec ed by he OLT. In his s a e he ONU is ully ope a ional and should send o ecei e da a [4]. F. S a e O6 – In e mi en LODS s a e The ONU shall en e his s a e om he s a e O5 when he downs eam synch oniza ion is los . A e ha he ONU s a s TO2 and TO3 ime s o suppo he wa eleng h channel p o ec ion (WLCP), namely main aining wa eleng h s abili y and clock synch oniza ion. I synch oniza ion is es o ed be- o e he ime s TO2 and TO3 expi e, he ONU e u ns back o Ope a ion s a e (O5). When he ime TO2 expi es, he ONU swi ches o he Ini ial s a e (O1) whe eas when he TO3 ime expi es he ONU swi ches o he Tuning s a e (O8) [4]. G. S a e O7 – Eme gency s op s a e This s a e may be en e ed om any s a e desc ibed be o e. I ONU ecei es Disable Se ial Numbe message wi h he i h oc e se o 0×FF, i is denied om ups eam ansmission and has o shu o i s lase . I he alue o i h oc e is 0×00 he ONU is allowed o ups eam ansmission bu has o disca d all acqui ed pa ame e s and e u n o Ini ial s a e (O1). No e ha using he Disable Se ial Numbe message i is possible o deny o allow ups eam access o all ONUs a once by se ing he disable op ion o 0×0F o 0×F0 [4]. H. S a e O8 and O9 These s a es a e used o downs eam and ups eam wa e- leng h uning o he TWDM channel. The ONU s a s he TO4 ime and when he ime expi es, wha means a ailu e, he ONU swi ches o he Ini ial s a e (O1) and disca ds any ag eed upon TC laye con igu a ion [4]. IV. VISUALIZATION SOFTWARE The isualiza ion so wa e is a ool de eloped o help he in e es ed pa ies lea n abou he ea u es and echnical spec- i ica ions o he NG-PON2 ne wo k. Fo he implemen a ion o he applica ion, he C# p og amming language was used. I also o e s some use ul ea u es, such as he OOP (Objec - O ien ed P og amming) pa adigm and he possibili y o easily modi y he applica ion when ollowing speci ica ions a ise [12][13]. The la es e sion o he ITU-T G.989 a ailable a he ime o applica ion design was he ou h e ision (published in 2016). I is expec ed ha he p inciple o communica ion es ablishmen is al eady inalized in his e ision, and ha u he changes will only a ec o mal de ails such as he names o con ol messages and hei desc ip ions, and cla i y he speci ica ion. The use in e ace is designed wi h an emphasis on ease o use o people who a e in e es ed in lea ning abou he ope a ional s a es in NG-PON2 ne wo ks. The use in e ace con ains se e al elemen s: •Communica ion s a es selec o . •Selec ion o ames gene a ed in modes whe e he numbe o messages is a iable. •Space o displaying da a s uc u es. •O e iew o e en s occu ing in he ne wo k. M. JURCIK AND T. HORVATH: VISUALIZATION TOOL FOR CONTROL SIGNALLING IN NG-PON2 119 •Bu ons o con olling he communica ion model and gene a ing ex ao dina y e en s. The ac ual isualiza ion occu s when he use selec s a communica ion s a e in he applica ion. The e a e se e al objec s in each s a e which a e always displayed wi h hei descendan s. The numbe o objec s can a y due o o he con ingencies such as he numbe o da a s uc u es. Objec s can also be dynamically added, o example, in he case o enc yp ion selec ion. The F ameCons uc o class handles he communica ion s a e selec o and builds an a ay o objec s o ende ing. This class con ains wo s a ic me hods. These me hods e u n he newly c ea ed ame T eeI em, which is hen added o he isualiza ion iew. The e a e wo me hods: Downs eamF ameCons uc and Ups eamF ame- Cons uc . The Downs eamF ameCons uc inpu pa ame e s a e: •PLOAM coun . •A ay o MessageID iden i ie s. •ONU-ID iden i ie . •Numbe o By eA ay ields which ep esen s a he con en o PLOAM messages (depends on numbe o PLOAM messages). •Sequence numbe . The Downs eamF ameCons uc inpu pa ame e s: •A bi which de e mines whe he he ame con ains a PLOAM message. •MessageID iden i ie . •ONU-ID iden i ie . •A ay o ype By eA ay which ep esen s he con en o a PLOAM message . •Sequence numbe . In o de o be isualized, objec s ha e o implemen he in e ace IS uc u eI em ha equi es he de ini ion o he me hod esponsible o displaying he objec by he ee isualize . I is expec ed o display class a ibu es in he ee s uc u e o he main window. This in e ace also implemen s me hod oI em ha e u ns a da a s uc u e o he T eeI em ype. To a oid unimplemen ed me hod oI em om he IS uc- u eI em in e ace in o he classes, an abs ac class Pon- S uc u e con aining he de aul implemen a ion was added. This could p o e use ul in case o u u e ex ensions o he applica ion as he de aul beha iou ale s he p og amme ha he me hod is no o e idden. The abs ac class PonS uc u e also implemen s an ope a o o implici con e sion o da a ype T eeI em. The esul ing s uc u e is illus a ed in class diag am in Fig. 2. The isualisa ion ool p esumes eliable deli e y o all messages and de aul low o ope a ion o all p ocesses. In p ac ice he e could a ise some p oblems such as LOS (Loss o Signal) and he deac i a ion o ONU uni , which a e no cu en ly modelled. Righ -clicking on a isual elemen allows he use o summon a special dialog box. The box displays he da a in he selec ed da a s uc u e g aphically. Objec s suppo i e his g aphical iew ha e a delega e me hod which c ea es an ins ance o he class S uc De ail. This class is esponsible o ende ing he auxilia y dialog box and pas e he ex con en o he class in o he pic u e. Addi ional pic u es o Fig. 2. Class PonS uc u e and i s Descendan s. Fig. 3. PLOAM Message S uc u e. da a s uc u es a e s o ed in he applica ion package as as e images. The demons a ion o he p e iew o PLOAM message is shown in Fig. 3 The esul ing GUI (G aphical Use In e ace) applica ion was c ea ed o help use s unde s and he communica ion. The con ols a e in ui i e and uni ied o any communica ion s a e. The o m o he main window is shown in Fig. 4. V. CONCLUSION In his a icle he pa ame e s o he ansmission con e - gence laye o NG-PON2 ne wo k we e analysed and an in ui i e isualiza ion me hod o i s signalling low was de eloped. The main aim is o desc ibe he s a e diag am o he NG-PON2 ansmission con e gence laye , whe e each s a e is ep esen ed by a se o PLOAM messages and e en s o ganized in o an en i y called p ocess. Nex an applica ion was designed 120 JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 12, NO. 2, JUNE 2016 Fig. 4. Main Window o Applica ion. and implemen ed, which allows he use o isualize he mos impo an messages o each s a e. The s a e diag am had o be gene alized o e icien implemen a ion in he p og amming language o choice, C#. P ima ily, he isualiza ion ool was de eloped o educa ional pu poses in unde g adua e cou se ega ding Op ical Ne wo ks. 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DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2015.7296232. [12] Walk h ough: Ge ing S a ed wi h WPF. MSDN: Mic oso De elope Ne wo k [online]. 2015. 2015-08-25. A ailable om URL:<h ps:// msdn.mic oso .com/cs-cz/lib a y/ms752299%28 = s.110%29.aspx>. [13] How o: C ea e a C# WPF Applica ion. MSDN: Mic oso De elope Ne wo k [online]. 2015. 2015-08-25. A ailable om URL:<h ps:// msdn.mic oso .com/cs-cz/lib a y/bb655895%28 = s.90%29.aspx>. Michal Ju cik (MSc) was bo n in Zlin, Czech Republic on Ma ch 29, 1988. He is a Ph.D. s u- den on he Facul y o Elec ical Enginee ing and Communica ion, B no Uni e si y o Technology on he Depa men o physics which s a ed in 2014. In pa allel he is wo king as so wa e es engi- nee o Honeywell In e na ional. He is also a co- in es iga o in p ojec Cha ac e iza ion o ma e ials and ad anced coa ings in CEITEC. His disse a ion is ocused on s udy o cold ield emission ca hodes and i s p ope ies. Due o his disse a ion he coope - a es wi h Delong Ins umen s on elec on mic oscopy. Cu en ly he is wo king on p o o ype o ca hode e ching o imp o e he quali y o e ched ips and also p og amming so wa e o i . He has expe iences wi h p og amming languages such as C#, C++, C, VB, JAVA and Ma lab. Tomas Ho a h (MSc) was bo n in Ha i o , Czech Republic on Ma ch 7, 1989. He ecei ed his M.Sc. deg ees in Telecommunica ions om he B no Uni- e si y o Technology, B no, in 2013. His esea ch in e es s include passi e op ical ne wo ks (xPON), op oelec onics, and Bi To en p o ocol. Cu en ly, he has been ac ually pos g adua e s uden a B no Uni e si y o Technology, Depa men o Telecom- munica ions and his opic o disse a ion hesis is Op imiza ion se ices in FTTx op ical access ne - wo ks. M. JURCIK AND T. HORVATH: VISUALIZATION TOOL FOR CONTROL SIGNALLING IN NG-PON2 121