Impact of different disinfection solutions on mechanical properties of orthodontic impress silicone material

doi: 10.21495/em2024-138 30 h In e na ional Con e ence ENGINEERING MECHANICS 2024 Milo y, Czech Republic, May 14 – 16, 2024 IMPACT OF DIFFERENT DISINFECTION SOLUTIONS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ORTHODONTIC IMPRESS SILICONE MATERIAL H ubano á A.*, Thomko á B.**, Koško á O.***, Rich o á M.†, Bo ák L.††, Š ou ač P.†††, Ma cián P.‡ Abs ac : This s udy explo es he in luence o disin ec ion on silicone ma e ial used in cle p o ec ion and o hodon ic imp essions. A se ies o uniaxial ensile es s we e conduc ed o e alua e he mechanical p ope ies a e disin ec ion. S a is ical analysis o s ess-s ain cu es a a ious s ess le els using one-way ANOVA showed no signi ican di e ences, suppo ing he hypo hesis ha disin ec ion does no comp omise he ma e ial p ope ies o he silicone used o he cle p o ec ion wi h ob u a o s. Addi ionally, he s udy explo es he u iliza ion o 3D p in ing o c ea ing a cas ing mold used in he manu ac u ing o silicon-based p oduc s. Keywo ds: O hodon ic, silicone ma e ial, uniaxial ensile es , disin ec ion, ANOVA. 1. In oduc ion Silicone ma e ials a e employed o cle p o ec ion du ing anes hesia wi h ob u a o s (Rich o a e al., 2023). The ob u a o s a e disin ec ed p io o inse ion. The p ima y objec i e o his s udy is o assess he impac o a ious disin ec an s on silicone ma e ial on i s mechanical p ope ies h ough uniaxial ensile es ing. We hypo hesize ha disin ec ion will no induce any changes in he mechanical p ope ies as was p e iously shown by (Gun upali e al., 2022) wi h same silicon ma e ial bu di e en disin ec an s. Consequen ly, a seconda y goal is o e alua e he e icacy o manual mixing o wo-componen silicone and he u iliza ion o 3D p in ing o c ea ing a cas ing mold. This esea ch aims o con ibu e aluable insigh s in o he compa ibili y o silicone wi h disin ec ion p ocesses and explo e inno a i e manu ac u ing echniques o p oducing cas ing molds. 2. Me hods Th ee commonly used disin ec an s, So asep N (B B aun Medical; p opanol and e halon base), Oc enisep (Schulke; Oc enidine dihyd ochlo ide and phenoxye hanol base), and Cu asep F (Ha mann-Rico; p opanol base), we e selec ed o his s udy. To assess hei impac on mechanical p ope ies, uniaxial ensile es ing was conduc ed. * Ing. Anna H ubano á: Ins i u e o Solid Mechanics, Mecha onics and Biomechanics, Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing, B no Uni e si y o Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 B no, Czech Republic; CZ, [email p o ec ed], B no PhD. Talen Schola ship Holde ** Ing. Ba bo a Thomko á: Ins i u e o Solid Mechanics, Mecha onics and Biomechanics, Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing, B no Uni e si y o Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 B no, Czech Republic; CZ, ba bo a. homko a@ u b .cz *** MUD . Olga Koško á, PhD.: Depa men o Bu ns and Plas ic Su ge y, Facul y o Medicine, Masa yk Uni e si y, Jihla ská 340/20, 625 00 B no, Czech Republic; CZ, kosko a.olga@ nb no.cz † MUD . Michaela Rich o á: Depa men o Paedia ic Anaes hesiology and In ensi e Ca e Medicine, Masa yk Uni e si y, Če nopolní 212/9, 662 63 B no, Czech Republic; CZ, [email p o ec ed] †† Ing. Libo Bo ák, PhD.: Ins i u e o Solid Mechanics, Mecha onics and Biomechanics, Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing, B no Uni e si y o Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 B no, Czech Republic; CZ, [email p o ec ed] ††† P o . MUD . Pe Š ou ač, PhD., MBA, FESAIC.: Depa men o Paedia ic Anaes hesiology and In ensi e Ca e Medicine, Masa yk Uni e si y, Če nopolní 212/9, 662 63 B no, Czech Republic; CZ, s ou [email protected] ‡ Ing. Pe Ma cián, PhD.: Ins i u e o Solid Mechanics, Mecha onics and Biomechanics, Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing, B no Uni e si y o Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 B no, Czech Republic; CZ, [email p o ec ed] 138 2 2.1. Specimen p epa a ion Specimens o he expe imen s we e c ea ed using molds p epa ed on a 3D p in e (P usa i3 MK3S+). The mold was cons uc ed om a commonly used 3D p in ing ma e ial PLA (polylac ic acid), a he moplas ic monome de i ed om enewable o ganic sou ces. The mold o sample p epa a ion was designed acco ding o CSN 527-2 and consis ed o wo pa s. A d ainage channel was inco po a ed in o he lowe pa o he e en ual emo al o excess ma e ial, as shown in Fig. 1a. Du ing mold ab ica ion, he in ill densi y was se a 50 %, ensu ing adequa e igidi y when he mold was comp essed du ing sample p oduc ion. The samples we e p oduced om Zhe mack Eli e HD+ silicone imp ession ma e ial. This ma e ial is commonly used o imp essions o uppe pala es in o hodon ic labo a o ies. The ma e ial was p epa ed by mixing ca alys and base in a 1- o-1 a io, p ecisely weigh ed using p ecision scale Lesak HD112 (0.001 g, Lesak). The wo componen s we e hen manually mixed, placed in a mold and comp essed. A e he ma e ial solidi ied wi hin 210 seconds, he samples we e ex ac ed and inspec ed. Fig. 1: 3D p in ed mold used o specimen p epa a ion a), uniaxial ensile specimen wi h ma ke s o de o ma ion e alua ion b); hose ma ked in ed in we e employed o de o ma ion acking. All specimens we e p epa ed 24 hou s be o e mechanical es ing o mi iga e he impac o specimen aging. Be o e es ing, black ma ke s we e applied o he neck a ea o each specimen o ack he de o ma ion du ing es ing (Fig. 1b). All specimens we e ca ego ized in o ou g oups, consis ing o h ee g oups subjec ed o di e en disin ec ion p ocedu es and one e e ence g oup wi hou any disin ec ion. 2.2. Tes ing and e alua ion All es s we e conduc ed on a cus omized compu e -con olled es ing de ice (Camea, s. .o., CZ). The de ice is equipped wi h linea -s epped mo o ha enables mechanical displacemen o clamps. In he case o uniaxial es ing, a single mo o was employed, and he specimen was g ipped by wo sp ing clamps wi h se a ions o p e en slippage du ing es ing. The o ce was measu ed by a load cell (max. 20 N) moun ed on one ac ua o axis allowing he con olled displacemen . The specimen was cap u ed by a CCD came a wi h a esolu ion o 0.02 mm/pixel, posi ioned pe pendicula o he es ing a ea. To ensu e a good isibili y o he ma ke s, he measu ed a ea was illumina ed by wo ex e nal ligh s. The specimen hickness was measu ed by a dial indica o a 3 loca ions on each specimen, and he mean alue was used o u he analysis. Be o e unde going ensile es ing, each specimen (excep ha om he e e ence g oup) was imme sed in one o he h ee di e en disin ec ion solu ions (So asep N, Oc enisep , Cu asep F) o 60 seconds. Subsequen ly, he specimens we e ai -d ied be o e being subjec ed o uniaxial ension es ing. This simula ed p e-ope a i e condi ions, whe e he su geon imme ses he p os hesis in he disin ec an o app ox. 1 minu e and allows i o ai -d y be o e inse ing in o he pa ien ’s body. A e clamping a p e- ension o 0.1 N was applied o each specimen o ensu e i s la ness. The es ing was displacemen - con olled, wi h a displacemen speed se o 0.333 mm/s. Uniaxial specimens we e loaded un il ailu e occu ed a he neck a ea. The e alua ion o he es was conduc ed in so wa e Tibixus (Tu čano á e al., 2023), which analyzes he images cap u ed by he CCD came a. The i s cap u ed image se ed as a e e ence, and he a) b) 139 3 de o ma ion was assessed h ough digi al image co ela ion (DIC). The calcula ion o he i s Piola- Ki chho (enginee ing) s ess was ca ied ou using Eq. (1): 𝜎 =    , (1) whe e Fexp is he o ce measu ed by he load cell, b is he ini ial (unde o med) wid h o he specimen and T is he measu ed mean hickness. 2.3 S a is ical Analysis To compa e he di e ence be ween he ou g oups (3 disin ec an s and 1 con ol g oup), hi een da ase s we e c ea ed by in e pola ing he s ain alue o s ess-s ain cu es a hi een s ess-le els (Lisický e al., 2021), anging om 0.1 MPa up o 1.3 MPa and so ed in o ou g oups by he disin ec an used. A each s ess le el a one-way ANOVA es was conduc ed o de e mine whe he he e is a signi ican di e ence be ween he a ious disin ec an g oups and he e e ence g oup. The signi icance was assumed o p < 0.05. The no maliza ion o da a was used o clea e da a ep esen a ion using Eq. (2): 𝜀=  , (2) whe e 𝜀 is he no malized s ain da a, 𝜀 is he s ain alue be o e no maliza ion, 𝜀 is he mean alue and 𝑆 is he s anda d de ia ion. 3. Resul s and discussion The esul ing s ess-s ain cu es a e shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2: A e age s ess-s ain cu e (solid line) wi h s anda d de ia ion o he uniaxial ensile es s o each o he 4 g oups. The specimens cu ed wi h So asep N a e displayed in yellow, he specimens cu ed wi h Oc enisep a e shown in ed, he ones cu ed wi h Cu asep F a e g een and he g oup shown in blue is he e e ence g oup which wasn’ imme sed in any disin ec an . The esul s indica e no signi ican di e ence be ween he ou g oups, as he mean alues o each g oup all wi hin he in e qua ile ange o he o he s (Fig. 3). To alida e his hypo hesis, a one-way ANOVA es was conduc ed. The esul ing p- alues a e summa ized in Tab. 1. All he p- alues a e abo e he signi icance le el o 0.05, meaning ha he null hypo hesis abou he equali y o mean canno be ejec ed. This sugges s ha he e indeed is no a s a is ically signi ican di e ence be ween he disin ec an and ha he e ec o plunging he silicon in o any o hese h ee disin ec an s does no change i s ma e ial p ope ies. 140 4 Fig. 3: Box plo o no malized s ain da a o di e en s ess le els (used s ess le els a e shown in Fig. 2) Each disin ec an g oup is ma ked by le e (B – Cu asep F; C – Oc enisep ; Z – So asep N; K – e e ence g oup), each s ess le el is di e en ia ed by colo and pa e n. S ess-le el [MPa] P- alue S ess-le el [MPa] P- alue S ess-le el [MPa] P- alue 0.1 0.941 0.6 0.137 1 0.672 0.2 0.335 0.7 0.821 1.1 0.502 0.3 0.941 0.8 0.754 1.2 0.326 0.4 0.86 0.9 0.697 1.3 0.438 0.5 0.87 Tab. 1: Resul ing p- alues o one way ANOVA es o di e en s ess le els. 4. Conclusion The aim o his s udy was o assess he e ec o h ee disin ec an s on he mechanical p ope ies o Zhe mack Eli e HD+, a silicone ma e ial commonly used o o hodon ic imp essions. A se ies o uniaxial ensile es s we e conduc ed, and he esul ing s ess-s ain cu es we e compa ed using one-way ANOVA a a ious s ess le els. The esul s e ealed no s a is ically signi ican di e ences in he ensile esponses, sugges ing ha he imme sion o he ma e ial in he disin ec an should no al e i s ma e ial p ope ies. Acknowledgemen The esea ch was suppo ed by he AZV - Czech Heal h Resea ch Council (NU23-06-00301). Re e ences Rich o a, M. e al. (2023) Use o compu e -aided design and 3D p in ing o ai way managemen in paedia ic pa ien s wi h a cle acial de ec : a pilo s udy. B i ish Jou nal o Anaes hesia, 130, 65, e469–e471. Tu cano á, M. e al. (2023) Biaxial s e ch can o e come disc epancy be ween global and local o ien a ions o wa y collagen ib es. Jou nal o Biomechanics, 161, 111868. Lisický O. e al. (2021) In e p e a ion o expe imen al da a is subs an ial o cons i u i e cha ac e iza ion o a e ial issue. ASME J. Biomech Eng., 143(10): 104501. Gun upali Y. e al. (2022) E ec o disin ec an s on he ea s eng h o addi ion silicone imp ession ma e ial – An in i o s udy. J. Ad . Pha m. Technol. Res., 458–461. 141