CMS in Public Administration: A Comparative Analysis

Copy igh © 2022 by Au ho /s and Licensed by IADITI. This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. Jou nal o In o ma ion Sys ems Enginee ing and Managemen 2022, 7(1), 11688 e-ISSN: 2468-4376 h ps://www.jisem-jou nal.com/ Resea ch A icle CMS in Public Adminis a ion: A Compa a i e Analysis Daniela Lou aço1, Célio Gonçalo Ma ques2 * 1 Poly echnic Ins i u e o Toma , Toma , Po ugal 2 Techn&A , Poly echnic Ins i u e o Toma , Toma , Po ugal Cen e o Public Policy and Adminis a ion, Uni e si y o Lisbon, Lisbon, Po ugal * Co esponding Au ho : celioma ques@ip .p Ci a ion: Daniela Lou aço, Célio Gonçalo Ma ques (2022). CMS in Public Adminis a ion: A Compa a i e Analysis. Jou nal o In o ma ion Sys ems Enginee ing and Managemen , 7 (1), 11688. h ps://doi.o g/10.55267/iad .07.11688 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Recei ed: 27 Aug. 2021 Accep ed: 21 Jan. 2022 The e is a wide a ie y o con en managemen sys ems (CMS) a ailable on he ma ke , each wi h i s cha ac e is ics, ad an ages and disad an ages, bu he open sou ce, such as Joomla, Wo dP ess and D upal a e he ones who s and ou , duo o cha ac e is ics s uch as: ease o use, possibili y o cus omiza ion, suppo , secu i y, adap abili y and amoun o esou ces a ailable (modules, componen s and plugins). These solu ions a e ex emely ele an o public o ganiza ions, b inging ci izens and businesses close o hei go e nmen s, by p o iding a mo e di ec and in ui i e access o go e nmen in o ma ion and se ices (Fang, 2002). To achie e he bene i s o i s implemen a ion, i is necessa y an analysis o he solu ions a ailable on he ma ke and which ones a e bes sui ed o ce ain managemen objec i es. Th ough a compa ison o da a and in o ma ion collec ed, i is highligh ed he ad an ages and disad an ages o each o he h ee CMS men ioned, especially which one is mos indica ed o a speci ic con ex o applica ion and p ojec ypology in public adminis a ion, using o hese ankings o use and popula i y on pla o ms such as W3Techs and Buil Wi h, as well as a se o suppo ing documen a ion. Keywo ds: Con en Managemen Sys ems, Online Con en Manage men , Joomla, Wo dP ess, D upal, Public Adminis a ion INTRODUCTION The impac o globaliza ion, he in oduc ion o inno a i e in o ma ion and communica ion echnologies and he exponen ial inc ease in in o ma ion a ailable, oge he wi h he assump ion ha in o ma ion, con en , and e en se ices should be a ailable p omp ly and in ui i ely (Moo e, 2014), has subjec ed o ganiza ions o ind new and be e ways o c ea e, manage, ea and dissemina e in o ma ion and con en , in o de o mee he needs o he o ganiza ion, employees and he public (Molina & Cama e o, 2004). Fo Public Adminis a ion o ganiza ions, he eali y is no di e en om any o he o ganiza ion (Sil a & Ribei o, 2009), exis ing an inc easing e o “ o ans o m how hey cap u e, s o e and make in o ma ion a ailable o mee business, employees and communi y equi emen s” (Moo e, 2014, p. 4). This is possible by es ablishing hei online p esence, h ough he publishing o in o ma ion and he c ea ion o online con en , in he hope ha hey oo can achie e g ea e e iciency, e ec i eness and o ganiza ional pe o mance (Meli ski, 2001), which ensu es ha he in o ma ion hey ha e, and he con en hey p oduce, is easily a ailable, making i easie o employees o o e as se ices and o he communi y o access he in o ma ion and con en hey seek (Ha man, 2011). These managemen echnological solu ions ha e an ex emely ele an aspec o public o ganiza ions, in he way “i b ings ci izens and businesses close o hei go e nmen s” (Fang, 2002, p. 1), h ough a new and enewed app oach o public managemen , a way o “p o iding ci izens and businesses wi h mo e con enien access o go e nmen in o ma ion and se ices, o imp o e he quali y o he se ices and o p o ide g ea e oppo uni ies o pa icipa e in democ a ic ins i u ions and p ocesses” (Fang, 2002, p. 4). This allows he o ganiza ions o espond o he new echnological needs o communi ies, bu also o enhance new and imp o ed mechanisms o se ices o he public, necessa y o maximize he success and op imiza ion o he ac i i ies o hese public en i ies, educing cos s, ime and esou ces, bu also imp o ing s uc u ing, con olling and managemen o in ellec ual capi al. Cu en ly, he CMS's ep esen one o he managemen echnologies ha bes esponds o his Public Adminis a ion needs (Boiko, 2005), by ep esen ing a sys em ha inco po a es a whole panoply o ools ha ex end om he Web page o he mos a ied applica ions o con en managemen . Allowing o c ea e, manage, modi y and publish online con en , wi hou he need o specialized echnical knowledge (Aledo-He nández, Guillen-Pé ez, Ma inez-Ca o, Sánchez-Ibo a, & Cano, 2017). Lou aço and Ma ques / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 7 (1), 11688 2 / 10 Howe e , a CMS can do much mo e han ha , acco ding o Boiko (2005, p.79) i can co e "wha e e pa o you con en c ea ion and o ganiza ion sys em you wan i o", h ough he mos a ied ools. The la e we e lis ed by Rockley and Coope (2003, p. 301) in his wo k "Managing En e p ise Con en : A Uni ied Con en S a egy": "p ede ined con en eposi o y model; suppo o con en ela ionships; buil -in epo s […]; simpli ied c ea ion o me ada a; p e-con igu ed sys em igge s […]; e sion con ol; access con ol (secu i y); in eg a ion wi h au ho ing ool(s); wo k low". All hese ools can la e be adap ed o he needs o an o ganiza ion in a combina ion “o clea ly de ined oles, o mal p ocesses, and a suppo ing sys ems a chi ec u e used by companies o p oduce, collabo a e on, moni o , and publish” (Heckman & Glan z, 2003, p. 667) o a ious ypes o in o ma ion and con en – documen s, iles, da a, e c. – in a p ocess ha combines he collec ion o da a, in o ma ion and con en wi h a de ined and well-o ganized s uc u e. The e o e, despi e he use and s eng h o CMS's cu en ly being in he c ea ion and managemen o Web con en (WCMS), i goes a beyond his, p esen ing i sel as a dynamic and e sa ile sys em, which can be expanded, h ough “new ea u es and unc ions as and when you equi emen changes unlike s a ic and HTML si e” (Pa el, Ra hod, & P ajapa i, 2011, p. 39), co e ing and combining in a single sys em o he ools o manage he mos a ied ypes o con en , namely: documen managemen sys ems (DMS); componen con en managemen sys ems (CCMS); digi al asse managemen sys ems (DAM); eco ds managemen sys ems (RM); po als; e-mail managemen ; wo k low managemen ; and he managemen o mo e speci ic p ocesses wi hin he o ganiza ion. Ul ima ely, i is he needs and objec i es o he public o ganiza ion, i s employees and a ge audience ha de ine which managemen componen s o use and which CMS bes sui s i s eali y and in ended s uc u e. To his end, his pape ini ially will p o ide an o e iew o he con en managemen sys ems on public o ganiza ion, wi h a conc e e con ex ualiza ion o he ypologies o con en managemen sys ems a ailable and an analysis o he h ee mos used CMS on he ma ke . Wi h his con ex ualiza ion, will be implemen ed an analysis and compa ison o da a and in o ma ion, o iden i y which CMS solu ions a e mos sui able o a speci ic o ganiza ion and/o p ojec ypology, comple ed wi h a case s udy o hese CMS in a public o ganiza ion, he Comunidade In e municipal da Lezí ia do Tejo (CIMLT), o unde s and hei ad an ages and disad an ages, bu mos o all, hei con ibu ions o he public adminis a ions and o an e- go e nance s a egy. CONTEXTUALIZATION Con en managemen sys ems on public o ganiza ions Wi h he challenge o ob aining a g ea e p esence in he digi al wo ld and g ea e agg ega ion o p ocesses and con en by public o ganiza ions, he e m e-go e nmen o elec onic go e nmen eme ges, which ep esen s a s a egy o he use o in o ma ion echnologies in Public Adminis a ion, a na ional, egional and local le els, by imp o ing he quali y o se ices ha go e nmen s p o ide o ci izens and businesses (Falcão, Mon ei o, & Ma ques, 2014). I ep esen s a ede ini ion o he concep o in o ma ion managemen , a he Public Adminis a ion le el, in he way se ices a e p o ided and in o ma ion is dissemina ed (S ä d, 2017), based on he use o in o ma ion and communica ion echnologies, p e iously only a ailable in pe son, which p omo e he e ec i eness, e iciency, quan i y and quali y o he in o ma ion made a ailable, wi h a subs an ial cos educ ion (Falcão, Mon ei o, & Ma ques, 2014), as well as new and imp o ed mechanisms o in e ac ion wi h ci izens (Campos & Ma ques, 2006). Howe e , he goal o e-go e nmen is no only o ans o m adi ional in o ma ion in o online in o ma ion, by making i accessible ia he In e ne and/o In ane s, o by making a ailable public adminis a i e p ocesses in elec onic pla o m (Campos & Ma ques, 2006). I is also a way o each a ce ain le el o compliance and in ol emen by he en i e public o ganiza ion, which implies ca ying ou an in ospec ion on he objec i es and s a egy o he company i sel in i s ins i u ional con ex and su ounding en i onmen , aking in o accoun he ex e nal needs o sea ch, consul a ion and use (Sil a & Ribei o, 2009). The e o e, cu en solu ions ha espond o new e- go e nmen s a egies, go h ough a mo e b oad and p oac i e app oach o all he in o ma ion inhe en o he o ganiza ion, in eg a ing s uc u ed con en ( inancial da a, company in o ma ion and documen s) and uns uc u ed con en ( he la ges po ion wi hin an o ganiza ion, which may be in he o m o e-mails, audio iles, ideos o images), ha ing a mo e holis ic con en managemen s a egy (Moo e, 2014; Balasub amanian, Venka a amanan, & Du bha, 2017), whe e all he in o ma ion and con en gene a ed, mus be in e connec ed wi h he a ious elemen s o he o ganiza ion (Palmisano & Rosini, 2003). To achie e his in e connec ion, he e mus be a ocus on echnologies ha in eg a e he In e ne and In ane s, con ibu ing o a cen alized, sys ema ized and s uc u ed managemen o in o ma ion, con en , ac i i ies and p ocesses (Molina & Cama e o, 2004). Howe e , since we a e discussing public o ganiza ions, hese echnologies mus espec ce ain legisla i e and legal equi emen s inhe en o he sha ing o in o ma ion and con en , especially wi h ega ds o hei access and secu i y. Acco ding o Boiko (2005), he echnologies ha cu en ly bes espond o his eali y a e hose aimed a con en managemen , which allow he assemble and managemen o s uc u ed and uns uc u ed con en , by cen alizing all, o a la ge pa o , he o ganiza ion's in ellec ual p ope y and i s p ocesses and se ices, in a single online ne wo ked sys em “ ha ci izens can use o access, c ea e, dissemina e, and use digi al in o ma ion” (S ä d, 2017, p. 4). Speci ically in Public Adminis a ion, con en managemen p omo es a subs an ial inc ease in lexibili y h ough emo e and upda ed ne wo k access, as well as mo e selec i e con ol “o which me ada a is o be used in o de o s ee in o ma ion igh ly, ules ha egula e access, sea ch possibili ies, and he in eg a ion o di e en in o ma ion sys ems” (S ä d, 2017, p. 5). These condi ions, make con en managemen echnologies he igh solu ion o imp o e he e iciency and e ec i eness o se ices p o ided by public en i ies, bu also hei esponsibili y and anspa ency owa ds communi ies, h ough a sea ch and Lou aço and Ma ques / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 7 (1), 11688 3 / 10 usabili y o in o ma ion and con en , ei he by employees o by ci izens, in a dynamic, sa e, upda ed and di ec way (Boiko, 2005). Conside ing he a ie y o con en managemen sys ems ha exis , any public o ganiza ion can now ob ain he bene i s o a con en managemen , bu also selec he op ions(s) ha bes sui s hei needs and objec i es. Tha said, he bes way o ob ain a CMS ha adap s o all, o mos , o he needs o he o ganiza ion, is o iden i y hose needs igh om he s a and whe he hey can o should be in eg a ed. Thus, a ma ke su ey mus be ca ied ou o unde s and which ype o CMS bes sui s he o ganiza ion and which esponds bes o hese needs. Fo example, many o ganiza ions iden i y ea ly on ha hey need a sys em ha in eg a es documen managemen (DMS), digi al asse managemen (DAM) and Web con en managemen (WCMS) componen s, bu pe haps hese needs can also be me wi h jus a componen con en managemen sys em (CCMS) and a WCMS (Rockley & Coope , 2003), he i s as a mechanism o managing da a, in o ma ion and o iginal con en and, he second, o edi ing, e iewing and publishing online con en . Essen ially, i is c ucial o ind a way o ea “web con en as a channel only” (Rockley & Coope , 2003, p. 301), and use o he componen s o manage mo e speci ic in o ma ion, always bea ing in mind ha he selec ion o he app op ia e CMS alls mos ly on he “in o ma ion needs and he needs o he people managing such in o ma ion” (Pullman & Bao ung, 2017, p. 9) and ha he e a e no sys ems ha ully in eg a e an o ganiza ion because, like By ne (2005, p.13) said “con en anywhe e, any ime, any o ma emains highly u opian”. Typologies o con en managemen sys ems In he ma e o choosing he CMS ha bes sui s he o ganiza ion and i s objec i es, he e a e p obably se e al op ions a ailable ha sui he needs o an o ganiza ion o a speci ic p ojec , pe haps he g ea ini ial doub , is whe he one should choose a Comme cial CMS (paid), an Open Sou ce CMS ( ee) o a Cus om CMS, h ee o he la ge g oups o CMS in he ma ke (Keßle & Alpa , 2009). When looking close o hem, each ype o CMS has i s ad an ages and disad an ages, he ea u e ha dis inguishes hem p ima ily and condi ions o a o s hem, is i s code, which di ec ly in luences h ee ea u es: cos , cus omiza ion and suppo (Pa el, Ra hod, & Pa el, 2010). In Comme cial CMS, he code is de eloped and ese ed o he company ha c ea es i , being he inal goal o sale, ha ing a la ge mone a y in es men o ob ain g ea e cus omiza ion and suppo (Ba ke , 2016). In Open Sou ce CMS, he cos s is low, since he code is eely a ailable o e e yone and de eloped by a communi y o p og amme s, mos ly olun ee s and, because o ha , he cus omiza ion o suppo a e limi ed o his communi y (Ba ke , 2016). In Cus om CMS, he cos is a iable, depending on he objec i es o he o ganiza ion, because he e is he eso o ou sou cing se ices and/o he use o company in e nal esou ces, o de elop a cus omizable al e na i e, c ea ed h ough a p e- exis ing ee solu ion and adap ed o he needs and objec i es o he o ganiza ion ha hi es he se ice (Keßle & Alpa , 2009). In his con ex , Comme cial CMS a e he mos complex solu ions wi h he highes in e nal in es men in he sho and long e m, mone a ily, in pe sonaliza ion and in main enance, bu ha e he ollowing ad an ages (Shah, 2012): [1] g ea e le el o lexibili y o edi ing bo h he on -end and he back- end o he CMS, because hey a e c ea ed om sc a ch wi h speci ic ules and desi ed s uc u e; [2] echnical assis ance and ini ial aining o hose who will in e ac wi h he pla o m, wi h g ea e in eg a ion and unde s anding by all s akeholde s ega ding he unc ionali y o he CMS; [3] a high le el o secu i y ega ding he code, which is no isible o a ailable ab oad and; [4] a con ol “o e he en i e en i onmen and mos modules ha a e c ea ed o i , so i c ea es a mo e use iendly and secu e end p oduc ” (Shah, 2012, p. 8). The only disad an ages a e in he cos s associa ed wi h hese solu ions, namely wi h he pu chase o he comme cial license o he CMS, by i sel qui e high, and ge s subs an ially highe wi h he cos s associa ed wi h cus omiza ion, in eg a ion and main enance (Ba ke , 2016). In he case o Open Sou ce CMS, as he name implies, hey ha e an open and ee code sou ce, wi h “well es ed, ea u e ich, and a la ge olume o con ibu ed code and modules” (Ba ke , 2016, p. 20). The e o e, i s g ea ad an ages a e he low cos , pe sonaliza ion and usabili y le el, by allowing he use, edi ing and adap ing o he code as desi ed, and he e is no “cos o he so wa e, and anyone can download and ins all hem on a Web se e wi hou cos ” (Shah, 2012, p. 7). Bu i is impo an o no e ha , e en hough he CMS is ee, he e will always be cos s associa ed, namely hose o he pu chase o he domain/Web hos ing and he ins alla ion o he so wa e (Ba ke , 2016). Howe e , being c ea ed, dis ibu ed and main ained by a communi y o p og amme s, who di ec ly in luence he quali y, assis ance and sa e y o he same, hey ha e as disad an ages a ce ain le el o unce ain y and insecu i y in i s use (Shah, 2012) and, as a esul , he e is usually no gua an ee o assis ance in he s abili y and sa e y o he CMS (Keßle & Alpa , 2009). The Cus om CMS's a e a mo e e sa ile solu ion, si ua ed be ween a Comme cial CMS and an Open Sou ce CMS, by ep esen ing a solu ion adap ed and cus omizable o he needs and objec i es o a gi en o ganiza ion, whe he in he sho o long e m (Keßle & Alpa , 2009). These ha e hei genesis on he Open Sou ce CMS so, hanks o he open sou ce code, hey ha e as ad an age he cus omiza ion and, hanks o he ou sou cing, g ea e suppo and assis ance. Howe e , “ he e is no much esea ch on he cus omiza ion [...] so companies do no ha e any good guidelines o ollow” (Keßle & Alpa , 2009, p. 130). The e o e, i s majo disad an ages a e he same as he ones om an Open Sou ce CMS and a Comme cial CMS, he unce ain y in hei use and addi ional cos s in cus omiza ion, in eg a ion and main enance, namely, “in a signi ican amoun o esou ces o design, buil , and main ain compa ed o an o - he-shel solu ion” (Townsend, Riz, & Scha e , 2004, p. 281), which esul s in “p ojec cos s di icul o es ima e, and p ojec managemen becomes an a a he han a epea able p ocess” (Keßle & Alpa , 2009, p. 130). Looking a he h ee ypes o so wa e and aking in o accoun he cu en conjunc u e o cons an sha ing and enewal o in o ma ion and con en , as well as he speed wi h which he so wa e e ol es, he c ea ion o a CMS om sc a ch can ep esen a long- e m p oblem, obsolescence, because i was designed aking in o accoun a conjunc u e and Lou aço and Ma ques / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 7 (1), 11688 4 / 10 needs o he o ganiza ion a a gi en ime and, any upda e o upg ade, implies high cos s o change he code (Ba ke , 2016). On he con a y, ee CMS's and c ea ed based on hese, ha e egula ee upda es, and some “ma u e and well-used enough o compe e agains any comme cial o e ing” (Ba ke , 2016, p. 40), which wi h some main enance, can be kep up o da e in a mo e lexible and mone a ily accessible way. Gi en his eali y, he e a e al eady many companies ha p e e he use o mo e lexible, cus omizable, and e sa ile solu ions: “adap able o dynamic changes o he mode n business en i onmen , hey need mo e con ol o e hei so wa e cos s, secu i y and us [...] hey need o be independen ly o indi idual so wa e endo s” (Laza ica & Dediu, 2013, p. 75). Because o his, Open Sou ce CMS's and Cus om CMS's a e cu en ly he mos usual choice by o ganiza ions, and he e a e pe haps “mo e open sou ce op ions a ailable in CMS's han in any o he gen e o so wa e” (Ba ke , 2016, p. 36). Top ee con en managemen sys ems on he ma ke Cu en ly, he e is a la ge spec um o CMS's a ailable on he ma ke , bu he ecu ing choice alls on h ee main CMS's: Joomla, Wo dP ess and D upal. These a e pa o he Open Sou ce CMS's, wi h ee open sou ce code, a ailable o any use , whe e all ools a e de eloped and suppo ed by a de elope communi y (Bon ield & Quinn, 2007). Joomla Joomla is one o he mos in ui i e and e sa ile CMS's on he ma ke , cu en ly used by in e na ional and na ional o ganiza ions such as Ha a d Uni e si y, IKEA, Lip on, Danone, Po sche, Peugeo , APAV, Po uguese Ins i u e o Blood and T ansplan a ion, Camões Ins i u e, Ca i as, Na ional Lib a y o Po ugal and he Diploma ic Po al. I was designed o bo h he mos basic o use s (Ma io & Wa ing, 2011), as well as he mo e expe ienced ones, o c ea e and design ela i ely as a “highly in e ac i e mul ilanguage websi es, online communi ies, blogs, and e- comme ce applica ions” (Ha wani, 2009, p. 3). By being cha ac e ized as a CMS, i is a so wa e based on a Web se e ha con ols all he con en o he websi e h ough a da abase, being managed online h ough he adminis a ion ool (back-end), wi hin which he e a e se e al modules, componen s and plugins “ o adding ea u es o you websi es, such as main menus, polls, popula i ems, sea ch, RSS eeds, and so on” (Ha wani, 2009, p. 3), which a e subsequen ly p esen ed on he inal Web pla o m ( on -end), isually and s uc u ally designed based on a empla e. A CMS like Joomla has se e al ea u es, bu i is simple and in ui i e s uc u e, oge he wi h a sho lea ning cu e, a e he main easons ha jus i y i s success o his day, in addi ion o he la ge eposi o y “o ee ex ensions a ailable, [and] equen upda es bo h o add new ea u es and o imp o e secu i y and s abili y, and a big suppo communi y” (Vlie , 2007, p. 19) which, as a whole, a e ad an ages ha can supplan he choice by o he CMS on he ma ke o by paid and c ea ed e sions om sc a ch. D upal D upal, like Joomla, is one o he mos widely used ee CMS's on he ma ke , being used by la ge in e na ional and na ional o ganiza ions such as Camb idge Uni e si y, Tesla, NASA, Li e ime Tele ision, Al Jazee a, ANA Ai po s o Po ugal, Spo ing Clube de Po ugal and Sumol+Compal (By on, Be y, & Bond , 2012) (D upal, 2020) bu , unlike he la e , D upal p esen s a la ge lea ning cu e, because i “ equi es a signi ican e o o ully unde s and i , due o i s complexi y and di icul y o cus omiza ion” (Bap is a, 2014, p. 24) being, he e o e, di ec ed o mo e expe ienced use s and looking o a highe le el o cus omiza ion. The ope a ional sys em o D upal, is based on a Web se e , a da abase and PHP p og amming language, he la e , allowing o add “se e al subsys ems, such as use session handling and au hen ica ion, secu i y il e ing, and empla e” (By on, Be y, & Bond , 2012, p. 8) ende ing. Despi e he complexi y o he sys em, i is easily edi ed and managed online h ough he adminis a ion ool, whe e i is possible o ins all and unins all se e al modules, many o hem ee, which allow “expand he unc ionali ies o he si e, [...] such as o m, language, secu i y, and mo e modules” (Bap is a, 2014, p. 25), subsequen ly p esen ed on he websi e, which is based on a heme. I has an ex emely o ganized con en managemen s uc u e, wi h a le el o complexi y abo e o he CMS, bu wi h a lexible edi ion, wi h nume ous ee modules, ha upli i s managemen capabili ies and, no men ioning, i s high le el o cus omiza ion, al hough his implies a le el o knowledge in Web languages abo e a e age. Howe e , in e ms o back-end managemen , p esen s a “con using managemen a ea, as well as i s di icul - o-unde s and e minology” (Fe ei a & Glanzmann, 2011, p. 195), which makes asks like adding a heme, long- ime consuming. As a whole, hese cha ac e is ics explain he use o D upal by la ge o ganiza ions, which ha e mo e specialized esou ces in he a ea and mo e speci ic and complex managemen objec i es, aiming o ob ain a unique pla o m, ailo ed o hei needs/ equi emen s (Bap is a, 2014). Wo dP ess Wo dP ess, despi e gene a ing con o e sy as o i s de ini ion as a CMS, o no p esen ing in i s p og amming s uc u e a managemen and adminis a ion o con en such as Joomla o D upal (Shah, 2012, p. 10), dese es conside a ion o i s e olu ion as a so wa e, by mo ing om a blog manage o a mo e e sa ile pla o m (Pa el, Ra hod, & Pa el, 2010), bu abo e all by he pe cen age o 63% o use s i cu en ly has (W3Techs, 2020), which includes o ganiza ions such as The New Yo ke , BBC Ame ica, Sony Music, The Wal Disney Company, Me cedes-Benz, Ha a d Gaze e, Na ional Heal h Se ice, INEM and TVI. Like Joomla, Wo dP ess is based on a se e ha con ols all he con en o he websi e h ough a da abase, and he managemen o i s con en is ca ied ou online h ough he adminis a ion ool (back-end). In e ms o unc ionali y, plugins, ep esen he main elemen s o he sys em, by adding addi ional unc ionali ies (Iqbal, Noman, Talpu, Manzoo , & Lou aço and Ma ques / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 7 (1), 11688 5 / 10 Abid, 2020) and allowing o con ol “e e y aspec o web si e ega ding he c ea ion, o ganiza ion and sea ch engine op imiza ion” (Pa el, Ra hod, & Pa el, 2010, p. 183). Due o i s sho lea ning cu e, s uc u e and simple and in ui i e in e ace, Wo dP ess is one o he mos used CMS, being he choice o “p o essionals, en husias s, hobbyis s [and] people who ha e ne e had a websi e and don' know whe e o s a ” (Iqbal, Noman, Talpu, Manzoo , & Abid, 2020, p. 1217). In addi ion, i is a CMS wi h a mo e aes he ic ocus, ha ing ee empla es o a ious gen es and a la ge ange o pu poses, which a e enhanced by he wide a ie y o ee plugins a ailable, all his “wi hou needing o know any PHP o any o m o HTML code” (Pa el, Ra hod, & Pa el, 2010, p. 27). METHODOLOGY This esea ch aims o analyze he h ee mos used CMS solu ions a ailable on he ma ke oday and which ones a e bes sui ed o ce ain o ganiza ional managemen objec i es. Being he pu pose o in es iga e a cu en phenomenon, he eby ob aining a se o da a, in o ma ion’s and cha ac e is ics, we a e acing a desc ip i e and explana o y s udy, comple ed wi h an analysis o one o hese CMS in he con ex o a public o ganiza ion, unde s anding in de ail he way, he ad an ages and disad an ages o i s use, which cons i u es i sel an explo a o y case s udy wi h a high desc ip i e aspec . As such, he me hod passes h ough he collec ion o quali a i e and quan i a i e da a, ini ially by collec ing a se o da a ega ding he h ee mos used CMS oday and i s e olu ions o e he yea s, using o his ma e , ankings popula i y and use on pla o ms such as W3Techs and Buil Wi h, secondly a esea ch and analysis o he s a e o he a ega ding he CMS iden i ied, namely hei basic cha ac e is ics, ad an ages and disad an ages, using o his, a se o suppo ing documen a ion and, o comple e an explo a o y case s udy o he use o Joomla in a public o ganiza ion. Th ough an analysis and compa ison o he da a and in o ma ion collec ed, i s iden i ied which CMS solu ions a e mos sui able o a speci ic o ganiza ion and/o p ojec ypology, conside ing cha ac e is ics such as knowledge and expe ience o i s employees, mone a y and human esou ces a ailabili y, lea ning cu e, managemen s uc u e, secu i y and s abili y o use. Th ough he case s udy, i will be implemen ed an obse a ion and iden i ica ion o he CMS's in use in a public o ganiza ion, namely he municipali ies belonging o CIMLT, by assessing he HTML code o each, allowing o unde s and he po en iali ies o he CMS hey use, is ad an ages and disad an ages, bu mos o all, hei con ibu ions in public adminis a ions and o an e-go e nance s a egy. Addi ionally, o complemen he in o ma ion ga he ed by he obse a ion, a documen analysis will also ake place, in pa icula o public o icial documen s, whe e he majo ocus will be on he con ac speci ica ions and use manuals on he implemen a ion and main enance o he CMS's in use by he o ganiza ion, bu also an in e iew, ca ied ou wi h he head o CIMLT's in o ma ion sys ems manage , wi h a se o s uc u ed ques ions, o cla i y he p ocess o implemen a ion o he CMS's and he s a egy and undamen al objec i es in which hey we e s uc u ed. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS Implemen ing and selec ing a CMS The implemen a ion o a CMS ep esen s a ime-consuming and complex wo k in i s s uc u ing, no a all limi ed only o he echnology and ools ha CMS o e s, including a whole e ospec i e on wha ypes o con en will be published and how in o ma ion and con en "mus be s uc u e wi hin he amewo k o comp ehensi e In o ma ion Model and unde he con ol o a con en ed managemen sys em" (Hackos, 2001, p. 8), which mus o ganize, ca ego ize, and s uc u e all esou ces, so hey can be s o ed, used, published, and eused in a ious o ms and by a ious use s. Since he s uc u ing model is he basis o how he CMS should be implemen ed, i also ep esen s a mo o o choosing he CMS ha bes sui s his s uc u e, and which will allow "de elop p ocesses o au ho and ca ego ize con en , house i in a eposi o , epu pose i , and deli e i e ec i ely in mul iple media, using pe sonaliza ion and cus omiza ion echniques" (Hackos, 2001, p. 9). Bu no only, he choice mus also all in which one is mos adap ed o use s needs, bo h ou side and wi hin he o ganiza ion, as well as o i s objec i es and s a egy, inancial capaci y and ime and people a ailable o implemen and main ain i . Acco ding o C uz (2007, p. 86), he e is a se o desi able cha ac e is ics in he choice o a CMS, wi hin he ones men ioned, he mos ele an a e: 1. Ease o use 2. Low acquisi ion cos 3. Low main enance cos 4. Speed in con en de elopmen 5. Speed and accu acy in publishing con en 6. Func ions o collabo a i e wo k 7. Single access poin 8. Cus omizable access ia use ype 9. Secu i y The e a e nume ous op ions o CMS's on he ma ke , which co espond less o mo e o hese cha ac e is ics, om ee o paid, wi h only one ype o managemen and wi h a ious ypes o con en managemen , in e connec ed o no , mo e o less in ui i e, mo e o less cus omizable. Each has ce ain cha ac e is ics, which p edispose hem o be selec ed o speci ic ac i i ies o asks, and he e is e ec i ely no ixed c i e ion o which is bes o a gi en a ea o unc ion, as each "is wo ked on speci ic c i e ia and you ha e o selec which is i as pe you need.” (Pa el, Ra hod, & P ajapa i, 2011, p. 39). The ce ain y is ha by selec ing a CMS ha has he desi able cha ac e is ics al eady men ioned, any company o indi idual can sa e ime, esou ces and unds, no only in he de elopmen and main enance o he ool i sel , bu abo e all because i will be possible o cen alize all in o ma ion by allowing " o collec da a, in o ma ion and knowledge om a ious sou ces such as: co po a e applica ions, depa men al and co po a e da abases, con en in any ex ension [...], on any ype o media and ha will be published in any eposi o y, in a, o ex a o ganiza ion" Lou aço and Ma ques / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 7 (1), 11688 6 / 10 (C uz, 2007, p. 86). Analysis and compa a ion o da a om he h ee mos used CMS solu ions on he ma ke Wi hin he mos used Open Sou ce CMS's oday, we can highligh , in o de o use, Wo dP ess (63.5%), Joomla (3.9%) and D upal (2.6%) ( Figu e 1 ) (W3Techs, 2020). Figu e 1. Use o Con en Managemen Sys ems (W3Techs, 2020) The scena io would be qui e di e en be o e 2014, when Joomla's popula i y began o decline and e en ually los he lead o D upal's a o and has since declined d ama ically, wi h Wo dP ess o e aking bo h i s compe i o s in he Open Sou ce CMS ma ke ( Figu e 2 ). Figu e 2. Use o CMS's wo ldwide since 2011 (Buil Wi h, 2020) The g ea ad an ages ha a e ob ained wi h he use o hese CMS, all mainly in aspec s such as: cus omiza ion, whe he in e ms o he hemes a ailable o change he isual design o he pla o ms o he a ailabili y o esou ces o managing con en on he on -end and back-end; suppo , o en h ough online communi ies o e en om he de elope s hemsel es; usabili y, use s g ea ly alue he ease wi h which hey lea n o use he a ious esou ces a ailable; and he sa e y o he ool i sel . Table 1. Compa ison be ween CMS Wo dP ess, Joomla and D upal (Beni ez, 2017) (Pa el, Ra hod, & Pa ikh, 2011) Wo dP ess Joomla D upal Cos F ee F ee F ee Use +24.808 +1.844 +1.829 Themes (F ee) +4,000 +5,000 +2,000 Plugins (F ee) +54,000 +3,000 +25,000 P os  Low cus omiza ion;  Easy usabili y;  Excellen suppo .  A e age cus omiza ion;  Easy usabili y;  Excellen suppo .  Mo e ad anced;  High cus omiza ion;  Be e pe o mance and secu i y;  Good suppo . Cons  Cus omiza ion, in, addi ion o he a ailable hemes, is only possible wi h basic knowledge in HTML.  Upda es can cause some con lic s wi h plugins al eady ins alled.  The modules and componen s a e mo e complex han Wo dP ess plugins bu , on he o he hand, allows o g ea e cus omiza ion.  Use s need knowledge in HTML, PHP and o he Web languages o ge all he bene i s o his so wa e. Wi hin he h ee Open Sou ce CMS's men ioned, o cou se some o hese aspec s may be, mo e o less, alued by use s. Looking a he ollowing able ( Table 1 ), i is possible o unde s and ha he e a e signi ican di e ences, which jus i y he cu en le el o use o each. In he case o Wo dP ess, al hough e y ocused on he a ea o blogs, o e s a wide ange o hemes/ empla es o change he design o he on -end, ea u e highly alued oday, being also an in ui i e ool and easy o unde s and, e en o li le o no hing expe ienced use s, which includes “ ea u es such as d ag and d op, esul ing in he gene a ion o code wi hou echnical in e en ion” (Shah, 2012, p. 10). Gi en his ea u es, some expe s in he ield admi ha Wo dP ess may no exac ly be a CMS and should be excluded, since in he li e al sense o he concep , “i would be mo e co ec o desc ibe such p oduc s as “websi e builde s' han Web Con en Managemen Sys ems” (Shah, 2012, p. 10), because a CMS p esen s p og amming in i s s uc u e ha allows he adminis a ion and main enance o he con en p oduced (Bá cia, 2011), some hing ha Wo dP ess does no possess. In he case o Joomla, i is mo e adap ed o use s wi h a median expe ience in he a ea, ha ing a mo e in ui i e usabili y s and, whe e i s “adminis a ion usabili y and lea ning cu e is be e ” (Shah, 2012, p. 10) han o he CMS's on he ma ke , as is he case wi h D upal, bu mo e complex han Wo dP ess. In Lou aço and Ma ques / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 7 (1), 11688 , 7 (1), 11688 7 / 10 addi ion, i o e s “many ad anced ea u es in addi ion o he no mal con en managemen ea u es” (Shah, 2012, p. 10), like componen s, modules o plugins ha acili a e he managemen and o ganiza ion o con en , ei he on he on - end o back-end o he websi e. Howe e , i has as disad an ages, in e ms o design limi a ions, by ha ing a limi ed se o ee empla es, especially compa ed o Wo dP ess. Finally, D upal p esen s i sel wi h a highe le el o complexi y compa ed o Joomla and Wo dP ess, especially in he adminis a i e pa o he pla o m, being mo e di ec ed o expe ienced use s wi h knowledge in HTML, PHP and o he eb languages. Al hough he complexi y is disad an ageous o less expe ienced use s, i o e s g ea e cus omiza ion, pe o mance and secu i y, being one o he mos used op ions by o ganiza ions ha wan o op o an Open Sou ce CMS, wi h cha ac e is ics o a Comme cial CMS, using i o c ea e, o example, in ane s and pla o ms in e nal o he company. Gi en he o egoing, i is no iceable ha he choice o a CMS depends on he objec i es, s uc u e and s a egy o each public o ganiza ion. Howe e , i should be no ed ha some a e mo e app op ia e o smalle p ojec s, such as Wo dP ess, and o he s adap ed o la ge p ojec s, such as Joomla and D upal and, as a whole, all allow, wi h less o g ea e implica ion o esou ces and ime, o c ea e and de elop an e icien and up- o-da e online con en managemen pla o m. Case S udy In iew o he analysis o he h ee mos used CMS's on he ma ke , i is impo an o esea ch and analyze hem in he speci ic con ex o con en managemen , applied o an o ganiza ion, in his case a public o ganiza ion, he Comunidade In e municial da Lazí ia do Tejo (CIMLT), based on a s udy o hei use, s uc u e, esou ces, a chi e o documen s, applica ion o ms, download documen s, managemen o news and no ices, con ac s, e c. This case s udy will p o ide essen ial da a by iden i ying, h ough he echniques o obse a ion, documen analysis and an in e iew, a cha ac e iza ion o he pla o ms unde s udy, o ace a mo e de ailed s udy o each o hese ools, in pa icula in e ms o hei genesis, s uc u e, cha ac e is ics and iden i ica ion o he CMS's in use in he municipali ies belonging o CIMLT, aspec s ele an so ha any o ganiza ion, public o p i a e, can asce ain he po en ial o he implemen a ion o hese CMS's in he managemen o hei online con en . The genesis o CIMLT CMS pla o ms P io o he cu en po als used, acco ding o he in e iew conduc ed wi h Ca los Diogo, in o ma ion echnology manage o CIMLT (Lou aço, 2020), he municipali ies used he Mic oso Sha epoin pla o m, which had wo majo disad an ages: high licensing cos s and lack o absolu e con ol o e he pages. To add ess hese disad an ages, he c ea ion and e o mula ion o he ins i u ional po als o he municipali ies belonging o CIMLT begins o be p ojec ed in 2002, a e o mula ion ha acco ding o Ca los Diogo ocused on he change o pla o m, keeping he se e cen alized in CIMLT. Fo accomplishing ha goal, i was c ea ed he Riba ejo Digi al p ojec , launched by he Associa ion o Municipali ies o Lezí ia do Tejo, now CIMLT, ha ing as pa ne s he 11 municipali ies o Lezí ia do Tejo (Almei im, Alpia ça, Azambuja, Bena en e, Ca axo, Chamusca, Co uche, Golegã, Rio Maio , Sal a e a de Magos and San a ém), as well as he Região de Tu ismo do Riba ejo, NERSANT, he Ins i u o Poli écnico de San a ém and he newspape s "O Mi an e" and "O Riba ejo" (Riba ejo Digi al, 2002). The pu pose o his p ojec was o c ea e "a Digi al Region, cons i u ing he ca alys o inno a ion and compe i i eness in he egion" (CULT, 2007, p. 102). The e o e, he p ima y objec i e was o enhance physical access o he In e ne by he popula ion o he 11 municipali ies in he egion, h ough he p o ision o compu e s, allowing he use o he con en and se ices a ailable online, as well as he c ea ion o a se o digi al pla o ms ha would allow elec onic con ac be ween he local and cen al public adminis a ion and i s ci izens (CULT, 2007). Fo his o be possible, websi es we e c ea ed " o municipali ies ha did no ye ha e one, while he exis ing ones we e e o mula ed [in a] s a egic o ien a ion o inco po a ing he logic o he public se ice" (CULT, 2007, p. 102), which p o ided a ied in o ma ion, ea u es and new online se ices, ex emely aluable o bo h he ci izen and he municipal se ices hemsel es (Lopes, 2005). The c ea ion and es uc u ing o he websi es o CIMLT municipali ies The objec i e o he c ea ion and es uc u ing o he websi es o CIMLT municipali ies was achie ed in 2012, wi h a comple e es uc u ing o he websi es (CIMLT, 2011) o en o he ele en associa ed municipali ies, by implemen ing a se o in o ma ion and online se ices, namely: paymen o wa e bills o licenses; applica ions o licensing; consul a ion o p ocess in o ma ion; online equi emen s; eading o coun e s and communica ion o b eakdowns; among o he online se ices (CULT, 2007) (Talixa, 2002) . In addi ion o hese objec i es, by consul ing he con ac speci ica ions o Sep embe 2011 (CIMLT, 2011), ega ding he es uc u ing o he websi es o each o he municipali ies, we unde s and ha CIMLT's p ima y objec i e was o ob ain pla o ms ha a e uni o m o each o he , in e ms o isual appea ance and managemen p inciples, wi h a mode n design ha included managemen applica ions ha acili a ed in e communica ion and se ices be ween municipali ies and ci izens, bu ha also p o ided be e access o con en and se ices by communi ies. This es uc u ing en ailed he adop ion o dynamic and lexible con en managemen pla o ms, keeping he pla o ms (se e ) cen alized in CIMLT (Lou aço, 2020), hus allowing he managemen o all his in o ma ion and a mo e di ec and dynamic c ea ion o con en bu , acco ding o Ca los Diogo, also weighed o he ac o s o he choice o a CMS, namely (CIMLT, 2019): [1] o be open sou ce and, as such, wi hou licensing cos s; Lou aço and Ma ques / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 7 (1), 11688 , 7 (1), 11688 8 / 10 [2] o be used on o he hema ic websi es in o he municipali ies and; [3] indi idual and au onomous con ol o he ins ances o he websi es by he speci ic membe s o he communi y. Iden i ica ion and cha ac e iza ion o pla o ms A e iewing and analyzing each o he ele en pla o ms, i was possible o iden i y ha all he municipali ies, wi h he excep ion o he municipali y o Ca axo, ha e a e y simila on end o each o he , in e ms o unc ionali ies and isual aspec , which immedia ely a oused he doub whe he we we e acing di e en CMS's o jus one speci ic CMS. The doub was sca e ed immedia ely by consul ing he con ac speci ica ions and analyzing he sou ce code o each pla o m, whe e i was possible o assess ha i is only a speci ic con en manage , common o en o he municipali ies o CIMLT, he CMS Joomla, applied in he same e sion and wi h he same ex e nal and in e nal cha ac e is ics. Being he excep ion he municipali y o Ca axo, ha keeps his page wi hou he use o CMS. The choice o CMS Joomla he so wa e o he global con en managemen o CIMLT pla o ms was jus i ied because i ep esen s one o he main con en managemen sys ems o oday and qui e popula and s able when implemen ing he p ojec , be ween 2011 and 2012 (Lou aço, 2020), which allowed and con inues o allow, a p ocess o c ea ing websi es wi h as e and less mone a y in es men . In addi ion, in he long e m, i s main enance and managemen is made easie by ha ing a smalle lea ning cu e, allowing each o he pla o ms o be au onomously managed by each municipali y (CIMLT, 2015). The e o e, acco ding o Ca los Diogo (Lou aço, 2020), he implemen a ion o CMS Joomla is jus i ied because i ul ills he essen ial equi emen s o he p ojec , especially wi h ega d o s abili y and ee licensing, bu also o allowing easily and in ui i ely o manage a ious ins i u ional con en s online, like documen s o consul a ion and download, calenda o e en s and galle ies o images, on a egula and daily basis by he p o essionals o he municipali ies. In addi ion o he aspec s men ioned abo e, ano he essen ial poin o selec ion Joomla, is ega ding i s e sa ili y and pe sonaliza ion capaci y when i comes o con en managemen op ions and he isual and s uc u al aspec , allowing i o be upda ed o he needs o he o ganiza ion and he unc ional isual e olu ion o he pla o ms i sel . Speci ically, in his p ojec , acco ding o Ca los Diogo (Lou aço, 2020), he pla o ms usually ha e he same p ede ined empla e, which explains hei simila appea ance, bu hey ha e a ew dis inc aspec s, like he use o di e en modules and disposi ions o elemen s on he o e all on page, no o ge ing o men ion he use o dis inc logos and coa s o a ms by municipali y. Howe e , i is men ioned ha in 2015 a new es uc u ing o he websi es was ca ied ou , ocused on he o ganiza ion and managemen o in o ma ion and con en , adop ing a mo e in ui i e sys em, using o his a new empla e, wi h a mo e appealing design, he eby con inuing o allow access o all con en ela ed o he mos a ied sec o s o municipal ac i i y, be i social ac ion se ices, cul u e, ou ism, educa ion, spo s, municipal wo ks, associa i e, ees and licenses, PDM, o ms and o he documen s, always in o de o b ing he ci izens close o hei municipali ies (CIMLT, 2015). Mo e ecen ly, in No embe 2019, wi h he inc ease o he access o he pla o ms by di e se elec onic de ices, he websi es had a new es uc u ing, keeping all exis ing con en and he Joomla CMS, bu adop ing a empla e wi h a mo e appealing and cu en design, adap ed o mobile de ices, and oid and iOS pla o ms (CIMLT, 2019). Acco ding o Ca los Diogo (Lou aço, 2020), he s uc u e and choice o he cu en CMS was and emains adequa e, allowing no only inancial ad an ages and he achie emen o he desi ed managemen and con ol objec i es, bu also he possibili y o e ol ing alongside he ecu en echnological ad ances, wi hou he need o he adop ion o o he echnologies a ailable on he ma ke . CONCLUSION Wi h he digi al e olu ion, no only he o ma s and he amoun o in o ma ion dissemina ed ha e changed and inc eased, bu also ou cul u e and he way Public Adminis a ion manages i in he ace o his eali y (Badke, 2010), by displaying a g owing need o manage and con ol his olume o in o ma ion and o con e documen s and a ious in o ma ion in online con en . This o ced an adap a ion and in es men in echnologies such as CMS's, which allow o publish, edi , modi y, o ganize, dele e and main ain, based on a single in e ace, all con en and in o ma ion online, wi h li le o low e o (S i as a & Na h, 2016). Al hough he e is a wide a ie y o CMS's a ailable on he ma ke , each wi h i s cha ac e is ics, ad an ages and disad an ages, he Open Sou ce ones s and ou , namely he mos popula , such as Joomla, Wo dP ess and D upal. They do so, no only because hey a e ee, bu also because hey ep esen he mos powe ul con en managemen ools o oday, by o e ing an up- o-da e online sys em wi h a wide ange o dedica ed de elope s, and by allowing o con ol a huge amoun o con en and ac i i ies in hese pla o ms in an in ui i e way, like who has access o in o ma ion and who c ea es, al e s, and s o es con en on he pla o m. In addi ion, hey a e one o he ew ools ha ha e accompanied he expansion and e olu ion o he In e ne , as well as he cons an inc ease o in o ma ion in ecen yea s, allowing i s use s o main ain hei cu en pla o ms in a cons an ly changing online uni e se in ela i e sa e way (Boiko, 2005). The e o e, he con en managemen sys ems men ioned ep esen iable solu ions, di ec ed o he achie emen o a ious con en managemen objec i es and adap able o a ious ypes o p ojec s, each ha ing speci ic cha ac e is ics, which adap mo e o less o ce ain p ojec s, depending on hei cha ac e is ics, being impo an a hough and ully conc e e conside a ion o choose he one ha bes sui s he needs o a pa icula o ganiza ion o p ojec . In a con ex o a public o ganiza ion, hese con ibu e o Lou aço and Ma ques / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 7 (1), 11688 , 7 (1), 11688 9 / 10 imp o e he e iciency and e ec i eness o se ices p o ided by public en i ies, bu also hei esponsibili y and anspa ency o communi ies, h ough a dynamic, secu e, up- o-da e sea ch and usabili y o in o ma ion and con en (Boiko, 2005). Th oughou he case s udy ca ied ou a CIMLT, i was possible o conclude all he quali ies men ion, bu he choice o a CMS has he con en managemen on he municipali ies ha make pa o CIMLT, ell on poin s such as exemp ion om license cos s, i s e sa ili y and adap abili y and he mo e di ec , secu e and conc e e con ol o he ac i i ies and use s who in e ac wi h he pla o m. Un o una ely, he case s udy did no co e all he CMS s udied, ha ing allen only in one CMS common o he municipali ies unde s udy, he CMS Joomla, and he choice was jus i ied by his being one o he main con en managemen sys ems used and qui e popula and s able when he p ojec was implemen ed back in 2012, allowing a p ocess o c ea ing websi es wi h as e and less mone a y in es men , as well as a mo e sa e and con olled main enance o in o ma ion and a ious ins i u ional con en s in an au onomously way by each o he municipali ies (CIMLT, 2015). The e o e, al hough only he CMS Joomla has been explo ed in a p ac ical con ex , looking a he common cha ac e is ics i has wi h he emaining CMS unde s udy, i is possible o conclude ha by adop ing his echnologies, public o ganiza ions, achie e a g ea e le el o openness, in eg a ion and dynamism, which allows o co ec ly pu in o p ac ice a e- go e nance s a egy, adap able o cu en echnological changes, cons an ly e ol ing and changing, bu anscenden enough o allow i o mee he managemen needs o he o ganiza ion i sel and i s communi ies and companies, which is why he choice o he bes sui ed CMS o he public o ganiza ion is decisi e o achie e he ul ima e goal o simpli ying and enhancing he access o public in o ma ion, con en and se ices, bene i ing ci izens, business pa ne s and he communi y as a whole. REFERENCES Aledo-He nández, A.-J., Guillen-Pé ez, A., Ma inez-Ca o, J.-M., Sánchez-Ibo a, R., & Cano, M.-D. (2017). 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