On Pauline Quotation Modes and Their Textual-Literary Value. A Brief Note On “2 Timothy”, 2, 19

Ri is a semes ale online / Biannual online jou nal h p://www.pa ole uba e.unip .i Fascicolo n. 17 / Issue no. 17 Giugno 2018 / June 2018 Di e o e / Edi o Rinaldo Rinaldi (Uni e si à di Pa ma) Comi a o scien i ico / Resea ch Commi ee Ma iolina Bongio anni Be ini (Uni e si à di Pa ma) Dominique Budo (Uni e si é de la So bonne Nou elle – Pa is III) Robe o G eci (Uni e si à di Pa ma) Heinz Ho mann (Uni e si ä Tübingen) Be W. Meije (Nede lands Kuns his o isch Ins i uu Fi enze / Rijksuni e si ei U ech ) Ma ía de las Nie es Muñiz Muñiz (Uni e si a de Ba celona) Diego Saglia (Uni e si à di Pa ma) F ancesco Spe a (Uni e si à S a ale di Milano) Seg e e ia di edazione / Edi o ial S a Ma ia Elena Capi ani (Uni e si à di Pa ma) Nicola Ca elli (Uni e si à di Pa ma) A ianna Gia dini (Uni e si à S a ale di Milano) Chia a Rolli (Uni e si à di Pa ma) Espe i es e ni ( ascicolo n. 17) / Ex e nal e e ees (issue no. 17) Gioia Angele i (Uni e si à di Pa ma) Guglielmo Ba ucci (Uni e si à S a ale di Milano) Lau a Ca a a (Uni e si ä Tübingen) Co ado Con alonie i (Ha a d Uni e si y) Giulio Iacoli (Uni e si à di Pa ma) Guido San a o (Uni e si à di Pado a) P oge o g a ico / G aphic design Jelena Radoje † Di e o e esponsabile: Rinaldo Rinaldi Au o izzazione T ibunale di Pa ma n. 14 del 27 maggio 2010 © Copy igh 2018 – ISSN: 2039-0114 INDEX / CONTENTS PALINSESTI / PALIMPSESTS A che se e pa la e di on i? (co ese in i o a a si eni e qualche dubbio) GIAN PIERO MARAGONI (Uni e si é de F ibou g) 3-20 Il omanzo di Elena in Achille Tazio: eminiscenze agiche GRETA CASTRUCCI (Uni e si à S a ale di Milano) 21-42 “Un mazzolin di ose e di iole”. Lec u e an i-leopa dienne de quelques poèmes de Gio anni Pascoli FABRICE DE POLI (Uni e si é Sa oie Mon Blanc) 43-64 “Quashed Quo a oes”. Pe qualche ci azione i egola e ( e za pa e) 65-87 RINALDO RINALDI (Uni e si à di Pa ma) MATERIALI / MATERIALS On Pauline Quo a ion Modes and Thei Tex ual-Li e a y Value. A B ie No e On “2 Timo hy”, 2, 19 SIMONE TURCO (Uni e si à di Geno a) 91-96 Ci e à sa maniè e. Gio an F ancesco S apa ola e Gi olamo Mo lini ROSARIA IOUNES-VONA (Uni e si é de Lo aine) 97-104 Il i a o dell’ozioso. Le ci azioni mo ali di F ancesco Ful io F ugoni MAICOL CUTRÌ (Uni e si à di Bologna) 105-119 Gli “Appun i” linguis ici di Tommaso Valpe ga di Caluso e qualche ci azione dan esca MILENA CONTINI (Uni e si à di To ino) 121-128 Un ico do di Delio Tessa: Edoa do Fe a illa e la pa odia dell’ope a ANDREA SCIUTO (ITIS Pie o Paleocapa – Be gamo) 129-139 “Ho, mia ko ”. Laza Ludwik Zamenho a A chiloco e Shakespea e DAVIDE ASTORI (Uni e si à di Pa ma) 141-149 Un p ocesso ad An igone. “The Island” di A hol Fuga d, John Kani e Wins on N shona CHIARA ROLLI (Uni e si à di Pa ma) 151-163 Pa ole Ruba e / Pu loined Le e s h p://www.pa ole uba e.unip .i Fascicolo n. 17 / Issue no. 17 – Giugno 2018 / June 2018 SIMONE TURCO ON PAULINE QUOTATION MODES AND THEIR TEXTUAL-LITERARY VALUE. A BRIEF NOTE ON “2 TIMOTHY”, 2, 19 Like mos o i s kind, he apos le Paul’s second Epis le o Timo hy con ains se e al mo e-o -less o e e e ences o pa s o he Heb ew Sc ip u es ein e p e ed in a Ch is ian ligh . Among hese, howe e , a ex is ound which includes a wo old quo a ion no en i ely – o di ec ly – asc ibable o he Heb ew w i ings. E en hough his ex has al eady been analysed om an exege ical iewpoin , has seldom been conside ed in he con ex o ex ual analysis and au ho ship s udies. The well-known ex is 2 Timo hy, 2, 19, which eads: “Ό μέντοι στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ θεοῦ ἕστηκεν, ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην Ἔγνω Κύριος τοὺς ὄντας αὐτοῦ, καί Ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας πᾶς ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου”1 1 B. F. Wes co – F. J. A. Ho , The New Tes amen in he O iginal G eek, Ame ican edi ion, New Yo k, Ha pe & B o he s, 1882, p. 493. T ansla ion: “Howe e , he FIRM Founda ion o GOD s ands ha ing his INSCRIPTION, ‘The LORD knows THOSE who a e his;’ and, “Le EVERY ONE who NAMES he NAME o he Lo d depa om Pa ole Ruba e / Pu loined Le e s 92 The con ex in which he wo ds a e se is a s e n condemna ion o apos a e ideas ha seem o ha e in il a ed he Ecclesia as ea ly as 65 C. E., when he le e is hough o ha e been penned.2 In chap e 2, he w i e ad ises he ecipien how o deal wi h hose who en e ained and sp ead he belie ha he esu ec ion had al eady occu ed (8-13). Subsequen ly, Timo hy is wa ned agains useless deba es abou wo ds, emp y speeches and ungodly umo s ha would become as con agious as gang ene, and wo ea ly suppo e s o he doc ine o me e spi i ual esu ec ion, Hymenaeus Iniqui y.’” (B. Wilson, The Empha ic Diaglo , New Yo k, In e na ional Bible S uden s Associa ion, 1942, p. 714). 2 The e has been much dispu e as o whe he his Pas o al Epis le (ou o he h ee ha we e gi en his label) was ac ually w i en by Paul. A conside able numbe o schola s concluded ha i was no w i en by he apos le, bu by someone who knew abou Paul’s las days. The basis o such assump ion is he same as is used o disp o e he adi ional au ho ship o o he Bible w i ings, e en by he same au ho (mainly Paul), namely, he ac ha he s yle o his one le e di e s om ha o o he s bea ing his name. Howe e , by such s anda ds, e y ew wo ks, no only wi hin he Biblical canon, could be associa ed wi h any ce ain w i e , as i an au ho could no change his s yle, lexicon and o m e en conside ably depending on his eade ship. Tex ual analysis is no conduci e o he o me conclusion, no does i lea e schola ship ee om biased s andpoin s. Al hough much s ylis ic analysis a ou s he assump ion ha oo wide de ia ions om he no m should be iewed as a sign o a di e en au ho ship, alleged p oo o apoc yphalness in he case analysed he e has usually been in e ed on a he weak basis, namely, a di e ence in ‘ one’ and ‘con en s’ in espec o , o example, 1 Timo hy. In e es ingly, and pa adoxically, Je ome Mu phy-O’Conno , himsel an suppo e o he idea ha he Pas o als as a whole a e no genuine, has come o he conclusion ha 2 Timo hy is he only genuine one o he h ee (1 Timo hy and Ti us being, in his iew, la e inclusions) : see o comple eness R. F. Collins, 1 & 2 Timo hy and Ti us: A Commen a y, Louis ille, Wes mins e John Knox P ess, 2002, as well as J. Mu phy-O’Conno , Paul: A C i ical Li e, Ox o d, Cla endon P ess, 1996, pp. 357 and . Fu he , he quo a ion-s yle complemen s Paul’s as exp essed in o he canonical w i ings, and he quo a ion-con ex in pa icula ollows a pa e n o easoning ha is akin o his manne o de eloping a gumen s. In his espec , see P. H. Towne , The Le e s o Timo hy and Ti us, G and Rapids – Camb idge, William B. Ee dmans, 2006, pp. 3-9; Towne also p o ides a de ailed bibliog aphy o bo h ‘suppo e s’ o and ‘dissen e s’ om he assump ion o Paul’s au ho ship o he Pas o als. Besides e ealing an inhe en weakness in s ylis ic me hodology ( he me i s o which i is no ou aim o du y o expand on he e), he case o 2 Timo hy shows how he p oblem o Pauline ex ual c i icism is s ill a om beig sol ed; i would call o a econside a ion o s ylis ic aspec s in mo e comp ehensi e and unp ejudiced e ms. Simone Tu co, On Pauline Quo a ion Modes 93 and Phile us, a e men ioned by name (14-18). The ea e , by he ad e sa i e conjunc ion μέντοι (‘howe e ’, ‘indeed’, ‘ o be su e’), he ex in oduces he exp essions o 19 as wo quo a ions pu on an equal le el. As o he i s one, we ha e an o icial sou ce highligh ed by mos commen a o s: he wo ds a e aken almos e ba im om he Sep uagin e sion o Numbe s, 16, 5: “ἔγνω ὁ θεὸς τοὺς ὄντας αὐτοῦ”.3 The con ex is he Le i e Ko ah and his c owd o ebels being summoned be o e he Tabe nacle o God o exp ess his judgmen on hem. The second quo a ion has no equally clea sou ce, as no ma ch can be ound in any Old Tes amen ex . As men ioned ea lie , since he w i e p esen s hem bo h as equally di ec quo a ions, he la e one, no being so in he ac ual sense, mus be conside ed as such om an exege ical poin o iew.4 Explaining he e se, Cha les John Ellico p esen s us wi h an exhaus i e p écis on he majo in e p e a ions u nished up o his ime (and as hey mos ly emained e en la e ): “The hough [o he second quo e] is exp essed in a wide and mo e gene al o m in Isaiah 52:11: ‘Depa ye, depa ye, go ye ou om hence, ouch no unclean hing . . . Be ye clean, ha bea he essels o he Lo d;’ and o he wo ds ‘name h he name o he Lo d,’ see Isaiah 26:13. ‘Naming he name o Jesus’5 mus be unde s ood in he sense o he las clause o 1 Co in hians 12:3;6 in o he wo ds, his sen ence o he 3 Sep uagin a; id es e us es amen um g aece iux a LXX in e p e es, Edi io al e a quam ecogno i e emenda i R. Hanha (Rahl s-Hanha ), S u ga , Deu sche Bibelgesellscha , 2006, p, 243. T ansla ion: “Jeho a will show who a e his” (The Holy Bible. Ame ican S anda d Ve sion, [1901], New Yo k, Wa ch owe and T ac Socie y – In e na ional Bible S uden s Associa ion, 1944, p. 166 [Old Tes amen Sec ion]). 4 The exege ical issue is discussed a leng h in C. R. E dman, The Pas o al Epis les o Paul: An Exposi ion, Philadelphia, Wes mins e , 1923, pp. 82-130. See also, much mo e ecen ly, R. F. Collins, 1 & 2 Timo hy and Ti us: A Commen a y, ci ., pp. 214-238. 5 “The Lo d” can he e be in ended as e e ing o God himsel , he applica ion o Jesus possibly being esul o con essional leanings [my no e]. 6 The Holy Bible. Ame ican S anda d Ve sion, ci ., p. 192 (New Tes amen Sec ion): “Whe e o e I make known un o you, ha no man speaking in he Spi i o God sai h, Jesus is ana hema; and no man can say, Jesus is Lo d, bu in he Holy Spi i ” [my no e]. Pa ole Ruba e / Pu loined Le e s 94 insc ip ion signi ies ha no man con essing wi h he hea ha Jesus is Lo d can commi iniqui y delibe a ely— he wo hings a e u e ly incompa ible. ‘Iniqui y’ he e includes he eaching o hose alse men abo e alluded o, as hei eaching led away om he u h, and esul ed in a lax and e il way o li e.”7 Timo hy’s co esponden ac ua es he e a e ined ex ual ope a ion. He p esen s he ecipien wi h a di ec quo e he may well ha e been acquain ed wi h (since i was aken om a well-known e sion ha widely ci cula ed in he Hellenized wo ld) and hen in e pola es a s a emen which acqui es equal o ce due o he o me one – ce ainly canonical – bu which is he esul o his own heological gleaning. In ac , he second s a emen is he dis illed p oduc o a ious Bible ex s and con ex s pu oge he o esemble a genuine quo a ion whose sense migh ideally ma ch he i s one and, mos impo an ly, p o ide a sui able climax o he easoning exp essed in he chap e . This ope a ion, o a ex ual kind, akes on e en g ea e signi icance conside ing he le e ’s peculia a ge - eade ship as well as ex -economy. The epis le’s ame hinges on wo key aspec s. Fi s ly, Paul el his dea h was imminen ; he e o he pou ed ou in o his w i ing amoun ed o a concen a ion o easonings and admoni ions ha had o be ca ied ou in a educed ime-space ame. Secondly, he epis le was add essed o Timo hy, who al eady knew Paul’s s yle and gene al line o easoning, and who would hus be able o use i o con ey a powe ul, di ec eminde o he Ecclesia, which had o be spu ed on o ake de ini e s and agains hen- lou ishing apos asy. In such a con ex , he le e , o a p i a e kind and e iden ly no mean o wide dis ibu ion a i s , was o be b ie , 7 A New Tes amen Commen a y o English Reade s, edi ed by C. J. Ellico , London – Pa is – New Yo k, Cassel, 1884, ol. III, p. 230. See also J. M. Bassle , Abingdon New Tes amen Commen a ies: 1 Timo hy, 2 Timo hy, Ti us, Nash ille, Abingdon P ess, 2011, p. 147, whe e he in e p e a ion’s sole ocus is on he heological signi icance, wi hou e e ences o he ex ual p oblem. Simone Tu co, On Pauline Quo a ion Modes 95 s aigh o wa d, succinc and subs an ial enough bo h o be comple ed be o e he w i e ’s dea h and o be quickly in e io ized by a Ch is ian ecipien acquain ed wi h he holy w i ings as well as wi h his men o ’s abili y o syn hesize on doc ine and di ini y.8 The p oblem o his quo a ion was aken in o conside a ion and b oadly commen ed on by many – especially P o es an – exege es and commen a o s,9 bu he s udy o i in he economy o he wo k, no only om a eligious poin o iew, has seldom, i e e , been ca ied ou o a minimally sa is ac o y deg ee. This li le cameo can well be seen as one o he le e ’s oci, as a so o mel ing po shedding ligh on he wo k’s manne , ime, and en i onmen o composi ion. I migh be a good s a ing poin o eassess Pauline schola ship, especially as conce ns he Pas o al Epis les, in wo di e en ways: 1) o highligh a quo a ion and easoning pa e n ha migh hide in o he wo ks a ibu ed o he same au ho and – by an unbiased analysis – i can hus se e as a ouchs one, albei minimal, o e alua e o he dubious a ibu ions; 2) o p o ide a key o unde s anding e en be e he cul u al humus in which he epis le was w i en.10 The e o e, he epis le should also be conside ed an achie emen in which bo h he a i udes o he w i e and his need o condensa e deep and u gen Ch is ian-li e and heological messages a e e ealed in he o ging o a li e ally ‘unma chable’ bu ‘sensically’ genuine quo a ion whose 8 See P. H. Towne , The Le e s o Timo hy and Ti us, ci ., pp. 10-30. 9 See A. W. Meye – J. E. Hu he – G. Lünemann, C i ical and Exege ical Hand- Book o he Epis les o Timo hy and Ti us and o he Epis le o he Heb ews, wi h a P e ace and Supplemen a y No es o he Ame ican Edi ion by T. Dwigh , New Yo k, Funk & Wagnalls, 1885, pp. 236-237 and pp. 243-245. On he issue o Paul’s quo a ion modes, see A. H. Wake ield, Whe e o Li e. The He meneu ical Signi icance o Paul’s Ci a ions om Sc ip u e in “Gala ians”, 3, 1-14, Leiden – Bos on, B ill, 2003, pp. 11- 49. Ea ly c i icism o he subjec was ca ied ou by J. Gill, Exposi ion o he Old and New Tes amen s, Pa is (A k.), he Bap is S anda d Bea e , 1989 [1s ed. 1810], ol. IX, pp. 320 . 10 See C. B. Puskas – M. Reasone , The Le e s o Paul: An In oduc ion, College ille, Li u gical P ess, pp. 227-240.