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Sc hool of Innovation, Design and Engineering DESI GN BACHELOR THESIS WORK Product and process development, Concurrent Engineering Bachelor Thesis Program Innovation and Product Design Naiara Luarizaristi and María Forniés Report code: KPP106 Tutor university: Ragnar Tengstrand Examinator: Rolf Lövgren DESIGN OF A 1 hool of Innovation, Design and Engineering GN OF A SHOPPING CART BACHELOR THESIS WORK 15 credits, C- level Product and process development, Concurrent Engineering Thesis Program Innovation and Product Design Naiara Luarizaristi and María Forniés Ragnar Tengstrand DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART OF A SHOPPING CART Product and process development, Concurrent Engineering Thesis Program Innovation and Product Design Naiara Luarizaristi and María Forniés DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 2 Abstract This report will consist on the developing of a “shopping cart”, adapted to some requirements that our client has, those requirements are special because she has the disability of reuma. It will be a big challenge, because it must be a competitive shopping cart but it also has to carry out the specific needs of our client. We need to follow these steps in order to obtain a successful product: • First of all we need to study the shopping carts market. We must analyze all the products involved in that market and discover the best qualities of each one. • Of course, we need to know the illness of our client, it will be very important to understand what she need and what we have to improve, so that it will be good to work together, to know her common days, and so on. • Afterwards, we start the real work. We are going to analyze and develop characteristics such as use, functions, parts of the shopping cart, how to fix the problem of the movement, reducing unnecessary movements,… Finally, we will obtain a competitive shopping cart in the market, to be able to use by a big range of people, especially by people with difficulties in their common days and with an ergonomic adapted to the requirements and of course, with a well design. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 3 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Mälardalens University for giving the chance to study and do our report here in Sweden and also for all of the facilities that they have given us. Thank our teachers Ragnar Tengstrand and Henrik Leykryd who have helped us always and of course thank to Monica who has been always available for us. Thanks to our home university “Universidad de Zaragoza” for giving the chance to came here and because of their support. Thanks too to our family because of their support. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 4 Wordlist CONVEYOR BELT: consists of two or more pulleys, with a continuous loop of material that rotates about them. CRANKSHAFT: Mechanism that changes rectilinear motion into rotation or rotation into rectilinear motion. FLANGES: It is an external or internal rib that is used to transmit movement between different elements. GEAR ASSEMBLY: System of wheels connected between them by some kind of tooth. GUIDES: It is a mechanism that only allows movement in one direction. HINGES: Union points of the structure axels that allow 90º turning. SHAFT: A long thing object or part, in this case it is the main structure of the fourth idea. SHELVES: Each level of the cart to put the products on it. TOWING HOOD: Union point of the bag with the structure. It permits 360º rotation. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 5 Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Background ................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Content and estructure ............................................................................. 6 2. Aim of the Project ....................................................................................................... 8 3. Project directives ........................................................................................................ 9 4. Problem statement ................................................................................................... 10 5. Project limitations..................................................................................................... 11 6. Theoretical background and solution methods ....................................................... 12 7. Applied solution procedures .................................................................................... 15 7.1 General description .................................................................................. 15 7.2 Market diagram ........................................................................................ 16 7.3 Function analysis ...................................................................................... 18 7.4 Demands specification ............................................................................. 19 7.5 Helpful information ................................................................................. 19 7.6 Ergonomics ............................................................................................... 20 7.7 Environment ............................................................................................. 20 7.8 Creative..................................................................................................... 20 7.9 QFD ........................................................................................................... 30 7.10 Selection of ideas ................................................................................... 31 8. Results ....................................................................................................................... 37 9. Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 43 10. Conclusions and recommendations ....................................................................... 44 11. References .............................................................................................................. 45 12. Appendix ................................................................................................................. 46 DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 6 1. Introduction This report is going to be a result of our thesis work, here at Mälardalens Högskola, Västerås. It would be the final work of our degree, Technical engineering in Industrial Design. 1.1 Background The way to carry things has evolved for years. Design is a tool which has helped to evolution, especially the evolution of carry things. From the most rudimentary or basic way like carrying things in the back with a piece of cloth to the most moderns shopping carts with which you can carry a lot of things without too much effort. Our society has evolved too, and we try to achieve more and more comfortable lives, so that we try to do everything adapted to all people. We cannot forget that there is also a lot of people with diseases and with all this development we can make them to have a much easier day by day. That is why we are going to do this project, to develop a new shopping cart adapted to the needs of people with problems in their movements. 1.2 Content and structure The report is going to be composed of twelve chapters. The first one is the introduction in which we talk about what is going to be our report. In the Aim of the project we will explain, specifically, the purpose of our project. The third one is about the project directives where the reader can find everything about the prerequisites and conditions to do our thesis. Problem statement is the fourth one. Here we will be solving the problem. The fifth point is project limitations in which we clarify what kind of limitations we have had during the execution of the project. Theoretical background & solutions methods, is the next one. We will explain our theories and our work methods to solve the problem. Seventh is Applied solution procedures in which we will talk about what we have done, the application of our theories and methods to the problem and what kind of types of problems have we had and how we have solved them. Eighth is Results. Finally, we have found the final solution that will explain our conclusions later on. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 7 We continue with next one, Analysis. Here we analyze our solution having in mind the problem that we must solve. After that we will have the conclusions and recommendations where we explain with a short summary our problem and the conclusions. Achievements, results, recommendations for the future, implications, improvements and implications in our work, are going to be talked about here. Every work need to have references, where we have get the information and this information should be gained from scientific references, internet, other reports or papers. In the end, we put some information that it is really relevant during the course of our project, it is the appendix. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 8 2. Aim of the project The aim of the project is to design a product that helps you to move heavy things. It consists of a cart that usually helps people to carry on shopping from the supermarket to one place, but in this case we want to carry whatever from some place to other one. So that we have to take into account that no all kind of heavy things has the same shape, so the product must adapt to all possible different shapes and environments. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 9 3. Project directives This Project is going to be developed during one semester and it is going to be 15 ECTS, so the product cannot be really complicated, namely, we will try to use as much commercial elements as we can and try not to complicate much with the new ones. First of all, we are going to be based on actual shopping carts. We will try to develop a new one, finding some errors in the actual one and correct them and of course, try to adapt to our specifications, the restriction of several movements. So, it should be very important to start to develop new things adapted to that kind of illness and it should be a better way to improve their lives. After that, we can start to think about how to improve the way to carry things for that kind of people. We have to do an ergonomic study, ask to our client how is the best way for her to carry things, which movements she can do and not, which are her preferences, etc. We must think about functional aspects, shape and design. The product is designed to be used, to carry out the main function and the secondary ones. Uses and environments determine the main function of our product. The shape and function are related each other by the content and the user. Shape affects function, function affects use, and use affects users. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 16 3.- Take the products out of the cart. It involves ducking and standing up again and again. We also appreciate that in some supermarkets there are different carts that are quite better. In this type of carts is not necessary to duck to left the products inside. The inconvenience of those carts is that you cannot carry a lot of products and that the user has to do a big effort to put in the products of the lowest level. One possible solution is to add a shelf at the bottom. This scenario is done in the supermarket but Monica has this type of problems every day, when she buys a pair of trousers, when she want to bring something to her garden…for everything because her illness does not let her take any weight. After having that meeting with Monica we already knew her needs so we corrected the problem statement of the beginning because it did not gather all the information needed. 7.2 Market diagram In order to know what new products we can produce is good to know what it is being produced that can be competitor of our product. We looked different ways of carrying things because in following steps it may help us to develop new ideas. After that we focused in carts and analyzed different types of carts in the market. We gathered this information in the market diagram. We focused in th different types o There is more information about the different types of cart in the appendix. SHOPPING TROLLEYS DESIGN OF A 17 We focused in th different types o f carts of the market: There is more information about the different types of cart in the appendix. WAYS TO CARRY WEGHT CARTS SHOPPING TROLLEYS FOLDING TROLLEYS MADE OF CLOTHE MADE OF PLASTIC METALIC BASKET DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART There is more information about the different types of cart in the appendix. MADE OF METALIC BASKET DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 18 7.3 Function analysis When we got the information of the different types of carts in the market we made a function analysis with Monica´s help. We have to remember that although we are developing this product with Monica´s help it will not be a cart exclusively for Monica so we have to think in all possible users of the product. Once we have the function analysis done we can make some idea of how the product will be or which mechanism will feet more or less. So based on the function analysis we collected information about different folding methods, lock systems, telescopic tubes ... all the gathered information is in the appendix. MAIN FUNCTION: To carry object with the less effort posible SECONDARY FUNTIONS Avoid the user to duck Carry with few effort To be folding Easy to carry Stability Light Not too big To be smart Strong structure Durability Adaptable height Different level shelves shelves not too deep and large Adaptable for different enviroments Able to carry different sized objects DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 19 7.4 Demands specification After the function analysis we made a demands specification chart to know exactly what the user will need so that all the functions from the function analysis will be satisfied. Functional To carry Evironment Street, supermarkets, garden... Users For everybody Components and connectors The device has a quantity of components. Sometimes we could fold the components and we could adjust the height of that kind of devices. Useful life It could be guaranteed per 5 years. Materials Aluminium Maintenance Easy to clean Shape Rectangular Appearance The shape is the result of its role Ergonomics Adapted to the ergonomics of hand to be able to use easily. Modern ergonomic design Security No material harmful to skin, non-toxic, without sharp edges, smooth surface Recyclability Made of recyclable material Hygienic Made of hygienic material Usability Its use is easy and convenient Cost Between 600 and 900 kr. 7.5 Helpful information In order to be helpful in our future design, we did some analysis of a normal shopping cart in the market. We analyzed the figure (shape), each part´s function, and syntactic, semantic and pragmatic meaning of the component. All these analysis are better explained in the appendix. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 20 7.6 Ergonomics In this case ergonomic will be the adequate size of the cart and its shelves, comfortable shape and size of the handle and of course easy mechanism of taking on and off the objects in the cart. To do it correctly we found some ergonomic charts that are attached in the appendix. 7.7 Environment The cart will be used in different environments. The part of the cart which most depends on the environment are the wheels. We can consider two different big groups of environments: • Inside (home, supermarket...): almost all type of wheels will work in this environment but it would be nice not to be very big so that the user can manage easier. • Outside (street, garden..): Here we have to take into account that we are in Sweden and almost all the winter it is snowing so the wheels have to be good enough to resist the ice and snow on the floor. So to choose the correct wheels we must have a combination of both aspects. 7.8 Creative After all the information work it was time to start drawing different ideas. At the beginning it was not very easy so we did a brainstorming session with Ragnar, Henrik and Monica. After this session we opened our minds and we were able to think farther than a usual shopping cart. We had the following ideas: FIRST IDEA DESIGN OF A 21 The main idea is to take the load up with a gear assembly. The assembly could be moved with a crankshaft or with motor. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART The main idea is to take the load up with a gear assembly. The assembly could be moved with a THIRD IDEA This is a similar to a big threat. It has many shelves around the threat. At the top of axis there is something that makes the threat move, when right the shelves goes up and when it moves to the left the shelves goes down. The wheels of the cart can be situated down the threat so that they can be moved in all directions or in the sides of the threat so that the only move in one direction. DESIGN OF A 22 SECOND IDEA This card is based on the tanks of the army. It is a similar to a conveyor belt, it is placed in vertical and the belt has some flanges where the different shelves will be held, so that the user can move the shelves from one side to the other and adapt the high of them to her/his needs. The size of the shelves can also be changed. The handle can be located frontally or in one side This is a similar to a big threat. It has many shelves around the threat. At the top of axis there is something that makes the threat move, when it happens to the right the shelves goes up and when it moves to the left the shelves goes down. The wheels of the cart can be situated down the threat so that they can be moved in all directions or in the sides of the threat so that the only move in one DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART This card is based on the tanks the army. It is a similar to a conveyor belt, it is placed in vertical and the belt has some flanges where the different shelves will be held, so that the user can move the shelves from one side to the other and adapt the high of them to her/his needs. size of the shelves can also be changed. The handle can be located frontally or in one side . This is a similar to a big threat. It has many shelves around the threat. At the it happens to the right the shelves goes up and when it moves to the left the shelves goes down. The wheels of the cart can be situated down the threat so that they can be moved in all directions or in the sides of the threat so that the only move in one FOURTH IDEA FIFTH IDEA The following two ideas are grouped in one because both of them use the same mechanism: a gas piston. The first one is a cart with two shelves. The shelf at the bottom has a piston that is activated when the user DESIGN OF A 23 This cart has a very simple structure; it basically consists of a curved shaft with a chain in it. There are two shelves, one in the front of the structure and another one at the back. They are connected so, when the shelf at the back is up the other one is down and the same on the other way. The cart has two wheels at the end of the main shaft and another auxiliary wheel on both sides to contribute in the stability. The following two ideas are grouped in one because both of them use the same mechanism: a gas The first one is a cart with two shelves. The shelf at the bottom has a piston that is activated when the user DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART This cart has a very simple structure; it basically consists of a curved shaft with a chain in it. There are two shelves, one in the front of the structure and another one at the back. They are connected to the chain at the back is up the other one is down and the same The cart has two wheels at the end of the main shaft and another auxiliary wheel on both sides to contribute in push with his/her foot the lever. Both she shelf at the bottom is elevated the one at the top must be removed. On the other way if they are not alienated, if one is at the back an the other one in front the shelves do not have to be removed but the prob lem of that is the bigger space that it takes. The second idea with gas piston is a normal vertical cart that the down side of the cart can be elevated with a curved piston system, so that the cart´s final position is horizontal and in an adequate height for the user. The piston, as in the idea before, is activated pushing the lever with the foot. SIXTH IDEA It is a cart similar to the one with gas piston. The the piston it has some springs the user needs to take things from the shelf of the bottom have the chance to decompress the spring so that it goes up DESIGN OF A 24 push with his/her foot the lever. Both she lves can be loca ted in vertical so, when the shelf at the bottom is elevated the one at the top must be removed. On the other way if they are not alienated, if one is at the back an d the other one in front the shelves do not have to be lem of that is the bigger space The second idea with gas piston is a normal vertical cart that the down side of the cart can be elevated with a curved piston system, so that the cart´s final position is horizontal and in an adequate The piston, as in the idea before, is activated pushing the lever with the foot. It is a cart similar to the one with gas piston. The difference is that instead of springs . In the normal way the springs ar e compressed but when user needs to take things from the shelf of the bottom have the chance to decompress the spring so that it goes up . DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART ted in vertical so, when the shelf at the bottom is elevated the one at the top must be removed. On the other way is that instead of e compressed but when user needs to take things from the shelf of the bottom have the chance to SEVENTH IDEA DESIGN OF A 25 Apparently this normal cart with two shelves, but the mechanism is quite different to the other carts in the market. Those shelves are connected with metallic bars so, when the user push shelf at the up side, it goes d own and the one at the bottom co Th at cart has a simple structure and is quite easy to fold. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART Apparently this is a normal cart with two shelves, but the mechanism is quite different to the other carts in the market. Those shelves are connected with metallic bars so, when the user push es the at the up side, it own and the one at the bottom co mes up. at cart has a simple structure and is quite easy USERS DEMANDS IMPORTANC Avoid to duck C arry with few effort T o be folding E asy to carry S tability S mart/modern D urability A daptable height D ifferent level shelves A daptable for different enviroments A ble to carry different sized objects S imple mechanism C omfortable L ight DESIGN OF A 32 5 6 7 IMPORTANC E 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 3 - 1 0 1 3 - 1 - 1 1 4 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 4 1 1 - 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 5 1 1 1 4 - 1 - 1 1 16 19 24 The chart continues in the next page DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 8 9 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 0 1 1 - 1 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 1 - 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 7 28 The chart continues in the next page USERS DEMANDS IMPORTANC Avoid to duck C arry with few effort T o be folding E asy to carry S tability S mart/modern D urability A daptable height D ifferent level shelves A daptable for different enviroments A ble to carry different sized objects S imple mechanism C omfortable L ight DESIGN OF A 33 10 11 12 IMPORTANC E 5 1 - 1 1 5 1 1 1 3 1 - 1 - 1 3 1 0 - 1 4 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 4 1 - 1 - 1 3 - 1 - 1 - 1 2 1 - 1 - 1 3 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 5 0 1 1 4 1 - 1 - 1 26 - 11 - 2 DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 13 14 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 - 1 1 - 1 0 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 0 1 9 36 DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 34 As shown in the Pugh analysis, the fourteenth idea is the one which more points obtained. It carries out almost all the demands of the user so we will take this idea and develop it. In the selected idea it was not very well defined the way of taking up the cart that is why we started thinking of different ways (mechanisms) that could feet with to lift the cart. We thought that the best mechanism to high the cart was the gas piston because it is light, simple and not very expensive. We worked two different ideas in a 3D modeling program based on the gas piston. In the first idea the gas piston is places horizontally, this horizontal movement becomes vertical by some guides, with them we achieve to high the level of the container and also to move it from vertical to horizontal position. In this picture appears the final position of the cart. It is in horizontal and higher so that it is much easier to take things on and off from the cart. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 35 The second idea we had was thinking that the gas piston would high the entire load by itself directly as shown in the picture below. This was more complicated, first because the piston must be inclined and second, because the piston makes the entire effort son that it must be much powerful than in the other way. From both ideas that we had modeled we thought that the most viable was the first one so we went to the workshop to see if it could work or not, and if it would be possible to develop some aspects of it. Original position As it is shown on the pictures above, we just made the mechanism of the cart to make sure that it was the correct solution. We appreciated that it was correct so that it meant that we were close to the final result. The gas piston would push in that direction After the turn, it would be the final position SHORT BAR LONG BAR ESTRUCTURE BAG We started doing the final modeling of the cart in Autodesk inventor. made exactly the same mechanism that we verified in the workshop two bars joined in the horizontal rail. The short bar was the long one to the bag. But of the following reason : folding When the movement of folding was going to realize the black rail come up with the towing hood and impede the correct folding. In this first design we also had another problem placed in the union bar of the mechanism but we did not realized that in this place when the mechanism was activated the pedal started moving, so it was really uncomfortable. Those problem´s solutions are expla DESIGN OF A 36 We started doing the final modeling of the cart in Autodesk inventor. made exactly the same mechanism that we verified in the workshop , this model had two bars joined in the horizontal rail. The short bar was connected to the structure and But we saw that it could not work in an adequate of the following reason : folding process was impossible. When the movement of folding was going to realize the black rail come up with the towing hood and impede the correct folding. In this first design we also had another problem with de pedal. The pedal was placed in the union bar of the mechanism but we did not realized that in this place when the mechanism was activated the pedal started moving, so it was really Those problem´s solutions are expla ined in the section of “results” DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART We started doing the final modeling of the cart in Autodesk inventor. At first we , this model had connected to the structure and we saw that it could not work in an adequate way because When the movement of folding was going to realize the black rail come up with with de pedal. The pedal was placed in the union bar of the mechanism but we did not realized that in this place when the mechanism was activated the pedal started moving, so it was really 8. Results The result of this project is a comfortable cart for all types of users. Finally the cart carries out almost all the demands of the user, we will see it on the following steps. One of the most important demands was t finally achieve it by a gas piston. Th 3 60º movement. One of those bars slides on a horizontal rail strength. The smallest rail is connected to the bag in order to turn it when the gas piston pushes. On the other hand, the longest rail is joined to the main structure bag at the same time so that with the pistons This one is the solution given to the folding problem explained on the page 36 In this way the bars are not joined in the rail bars must be unlaced to make possible th to fold the cart, the other change we did was to join the towi structure and the union of the long bar with the bag in the same point in this way we avoid the collapse of both points. DESIGN OF A 37 The result of this project is a comfortable cart for all types of users. Finally the cart carries out almost all the demands of the user, we will see it on the following One of the most important demands was t o avoid the user to duck finally achieve it by a gas piston. Th e mechanism consists of two bars 60º movement. One of those bars slides on a horizontal rail with the gas piston´s The smallest rail is connected to the bag in order to turn it when the gas piston pushes. On the other hand, the longest rail is joined to the main structure so that with the pistons movement the structure high up its level. This one is the solution given to the folding problem explained on the page 36 In this way the bars are not joined in the rail so, when the cart is going to be folded the bars must be unlaced to make possible th e folding. Only with this change is not e to fold the cart, the other change we did was to join the towi n g hood of the bag to the the union of the long bar with the bag in the same point in this way we avoid the collapse of both points. Union point of the long b ar with the bag Unio n point of the towing h structure The guide has a T s the guide can slide easily on it DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART The result of this project is a comfortable cart for all types of users. Finally the cart carries out almost all the demands of the user, we will see it on the following o avoid the user to duck , we have e mechanism consists of two bars connected with with the gas piston´s The smallest rail is connected to the bag in order to turn it when the gas piston pushes. On the other hand, the longest rail is joined to the main structure and to the movement the structure high up its level. This one is the solution given to the folding problem explained on the page 36 . so, when the cart is going to be folded the Only with this change is not e nough g hood of the bag to the the union of the long bar with the bag in the same point in this way we ar with the bag n point of the towing h ood and the The guide has a T s hape so that the guide can slide easily on it In order to be easier the folding process strong plastic made hinges. The cart completely folded would look like the following picture: DESIGN OF A 38 Both points joined in one Bars joined befor horizontal r ail in order to unlace them when folding folding process , we joined the structure´s axles with some strong plastic made hinges. The cart completely folded would look like the following picture: DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART Both points joined in one Bars joined befor e the ail in order to unlace them when folding axles with some The cart completely folded would look like the following picture: The folding process was not the only problem problem with the pedal. The location of it was not the adequate one. So we decided to change it and put it on the back side of the piston in order not to be moved when it is activated. About the environment the demands were that it should work properly only inside, even outside so the wheel steps but at the same time are not very big so that it is comfortable to manage inside DESIGN OF A 39 was not the only problem in the first design, there was another problem with the pedal. The location of it was not the adequate one. So we decided to change it and put it on the back side of the piston in order not to be moved when it is About the environment the demands were that it should work properly only inside, even outside so the wheel s are strong enough for the snow and outside steps but at the same time are not very big so that it is comfortable to manage inside the house or the supermarket. It has four wheels because we thought that it has more stability and taking into account that it can be a cart for elderly people, we think that the four wheels make the feel sure about themselves. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART in the first design, there was another problem with the pedal. The location of it was not the adequate one. So we decided to change it and put it on the back side of the piston in order not to be moved when it is About the environment the demands were that it should work properly not are strong enough for the snow and outside steps but at the same time are not very big so that it is comfortable to manage inside It has four wheels because we thought that it has more stability and taking into account that it can be a cart for elderly people, we think that the four wheels make the feel It was also another demand added some soft rubber on the handle, the rubber avoid sliding the users hand also makes it more comfortable. Also for the better ergonomic of the cart, the handle´s height can be changed so that different height people can use it without problem. For taller people DESIGN OF A 40 It was also another demand to be erg onomic. To carry out this function we added some soft rubber on the handle, the rubber avoid sliding the users hand also makes it more comfortable. Also for the better ergonomic of the cart, the handle´s height can be changed different height people can use it without problem. For shorter people DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART onomic. To carry out this function we added some soft rubber on the handle, the rubber avoid sliding the users hand s and Also for the better ergonomic of the cart, the handle´s height can be changed The movement of the cart would be the following: 2 .- The pedal is pushed so the piston is activated and the cart starts going up. DESIGN OF A 41 The movement of the cart would be the following: 1.- Normal position, to transport the cart . The gas piston has not been activated. The pedal is pushed so the piston is activated and the cart starts going up. 3 .- This is the final position, now is time to full the cart. DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART Normal position, to transport the cart . The gas piston has not been activated. This is the final position, now is time to empty or with the help of machines suitcases We can find a ll kinds of shopping i. Trolleys with two , three ii. Trolleys with thermal bag. iii. Folding trolleys made of cloth and made of plastic. iv. Metal baskets. DESIGN OF A 48 suitcases ll kinds of shopping trolleys: , three or four wheels. Trolleys with thermal bag. Folding trolleys made of cloth and made of plastic. Wheels DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 49 Scenario: The scenario of our product will be the supermarket, the street, the garden… every place that the user will need the help of the cart. Folding methods: We look for different folding methods in order to get ideas to fold the shopping cart. DESIGN OF A 50 We look for different folding methods in order to get ideas to fold the shopping DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART We look for different folding methods in order to get ideas to fold the shopping Telescopic tubes and rails: DESIGN OF A 51 DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART DESIGN OF A 52 DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 53 • Figure analysis It is very important to know the structure of the shopping cart to do a good develop, with pictures and details of the object. Here we are going to analyze several things: how many parts compose a shopping cart, how looks, the design, semantics connotations, connection between user and figure and connection between environments and figure. How looks Rectangular shape. The structure use to be fold. Graphic design The design depends on the type of the user. It is used darker or brighter colors, with squares or circles and different materials for the bag. Semantics connotations Values and simple shapes give to the object seriousness and neutrality but sometimes there are developed designs which can achieve values of sophistication or technology. Connection figure/user The form is appropriate always with the function. Connection environment/figure Neutral design homogenized with the rest of objects of the special environment. Handle Bag Point of folding Structure Front wheels Back wheels Point of folding Base DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 54 • Functional analysis: The main function of the shopping cart is: To carry Besides of the main function, there are several secondary functions. These functions are carried out by the different parts that composed the shopping cart, that’s why we have done previously the study of the figure. Knowing all the parts and their main functions, we can study the possibility of add new secondary functions, reduce the number of pieces or collect up two functions to be carry out by only one piece. So that, we are going to do a table with the different parts of the shopping cart and the secondary functions. With that table, the study that we have talked about is going to be easy. Shopping cart parts Function Handle • Grab • Push/pull Bag • To keep the things • Light • Durability • Smart Point of folding 1 • Strong • Small • Allow folding of the structure Structure • Strong • Hold everything together • Resistant • Light • Adjustable height Front wheels • Move the cart • To turn Back wheels • Move the cart without effort • To turn • Be folded • Stability going on Base • Strong • Stability when the cart is resting Point of folding 2 • Strong • Small • Allow folding the back wheels DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 55 • Technical data: Here we are going to study the components of a common shopping cart. We will define every element in three levels which are included in the communication between user and product. These three levels are Syntactic, Semantic and Pragmatic. Syntactic description is going to be physical, the shape and approximately dimensions. Semantic level includes telling us how this part is and pragmatic level will explain how this part tells us the message. The easier is to understand these meanings, the easier is to use the object. So it is very important to take care about the relationship between the object and the future user, so that he or she will never have problems during the use. Handle Bag Point of folding Structure Front wheels Back wheels Point of folding Base DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART 56 Elements Syntactic Semantic Pragmatic Handle Black plastic tube with a softness touching It is not as cold as the structure. It can be holded Place where you put your hands and push Bag Square bag made of cloth It´s soft Place to put all the things bought Point of folding 1 Piece of plastic that allows the movement of the handle to fold it Resistant to the movement Place where the part of the structure turned down Structure Tubes made of metal joined by screws and with two points of holding It is adjustable, folded and support whole the weight You can fold the structure to reduce the height. Front wheels Two wheels made of plastic They are fix You can carry the cart only with those ones Back wheels Two wheels made of plastic You can fold them You can carry without too much effort using those two wheels Base Tubes made of metal with two pieces of plastic Used only when works the front wheels If you need to leave the cart and you are using only the front wheels, you have to put the base on the floor Point of folding 2 Piece of plastic that allows the movement of the back wheels Resistant to the movement Place where the part of the structure of the back wheels turned down • Anthropometry and Body: Dimensions of adult men and women in inch and cm depending on how old are they, the sex and percentiles. Percentils Sex A 95 Men 91,9 Women 81,3 5 Men 78,2 Women 68,1 Percentils Sex 95 Men Women 5 Men Women DESIGN OF A 57 Anthropometry and ergonomic: Dimensions of adult men and women in inch and cm depending on how old are they, the sex and percentiles. B C D E F G 91,9 120,1 174,2 94,0 120,9 155,7 188,6 81,3 110,7 162,8 94,0 108,7 141,4 172,8 78,2 104,9 154,4 81,3 105,5 136,5 168,2 68,1 98,0 143,0 68,6 96,5 122,9 152,3 A B C D 97,3 117,1 131,1 88,9 86,4 92,2 124,5 124,7 80,5 96,5 82,3 100,1 149,9 75,4 73,7 75,9 86,4 140,2 67,6 68,6 DESIGN OF A SHOPPING CART Dimensions of adult men and women in inch and cm depending on how old are Peso (Kg) 188,6 97,7 172,8 74,9 168,2 65,2 152,3 47,4 E F 86,4 224,6 96,5 213,4 73,7 195,7 68,6 185,2