Stages in the configuration of urban form in urban development planning: the emerging role of open spaces as sustainability mechanism. The case of Valladolid (Spain)

City and territory in the Globalization Age Conference proceedings 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València Uvcigu"kp"vjg"eqpÝiwtcvkqp"qh"wtdcp"hqto"kp"wtdcp" fgxgnqrogpv"rncppkpi<"vjg"gogtikpi"tqng"qh"qrgp"urcegu"cu" uwuvckpcdknkv{"ogejcpkuo0"Vjg"ecug"qh"Xcnncfqnkf"*Urckp+ Okiwgn"Hgtpƒpfg¦/Octqvq Instituto Universitario de Urbanística, Universidad de Valladolid. Valladolid, Spain E-mail: [email protected] Kpvtqfwevkqp The term of ‘urban morphology’ is related to different urban research traditions. One of the oquv"kpÞwgpvkcn"ku"vjg"Eqp¦gpkcp"uejqqn."yjqug" cpvgegfgpvu" ctg" vjg" yqtm" qh" uqog" Igtocp" geographers at the end of nineteenth century. Vjgkt"uvctvkpi"rqkpv"ycu"Òvjg"ueqrg"vjcv"gzkuvgf" hqt"tgeqipk¦kpi"ykvjkp"vqyp"rncpu"vjg"uvcigu"kp" their development’ (Whitehand, 2001, p. 104). 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Urban development planning deals Cduvtcev0 Cnqpi"vjg"ncuv" Ýxg"fgecfgu"cpf" vjtqwij"vjtgg"fkhhgtgpv"uvcigu."vjg" wtdcp"fgxgnqrogpv"rncpu"Ïigpgtcn"rncpuÏ"qh"Xcnncfqnkf."c"ogfkwo/uk¦gf"Urc/ pkuj" ekv{." ujqy" cp" kpvgtguvkpi" gxqnwvkqp" kp" vjg" yc{" qh" eqpÝiwtkpi" vjg" inqdcn" wtdcp"hqto"cpf"eqpvtqnnkpi"wtdcp"fgxgnqrogpv"vjcv"yg"ecp"cnuq"Ýpf"kp"qvjgt" ukoknct"Urcpkuj"ekvkgu0"Kp"vjg"ukzvkgu"cpf"ugxgpvkgu."rncpu"rtqrqugf"ÒcwvqpqoqwuÓ" gzrcpukxg"uejgogu"hqtguggkpi"c"jwig"tcvg"qh"wtdcp"itqyvj."uq"vjg{"fgÝpgf"ykfg" ctgcu"vq"dg"wtdcpkugf"vjtqwij"pgy"vtcpurqtv"kphtcuvtwevwtgu"cpf"v{rkecn"¦qpkpi" ogejcpkuou0"Kp"vjg"gkijvkgu."chvgt"fgec{"kp"wtdcp"cpf"geqpqoke"fgxgnqrogpv" cpf"fwtkpi"vjg"vtcpukvkqp"vq"fgoqetce{."vjg"pgy"nqecn"iqxgtpogpvu"hqewugf"qp" vjg"gzkuvkpi"ekv{"cpf"hquvgtgf"c"oqtg"eqpvtqnngf"wtdcp"itqyvj0"Jqygxgt."rncpu" eqpvkpwgf"vq"gornq{"vjg"ucog"vqqnu"vq"ocpcig"hwvwtg"wtdcp"hqto"ÏfgÝpkvkqp" qh"vtcpurqtv"kphtcuvtwevwtgu"cpf"ugevqtu"vq"dg"wtdcpkugfÏ."cnvjqwij"vjg{"nqq/ mgf"hqt"oqtg"ÒeqpvtqnncdngÓ"hqtou."uwej"cu"tcfkq/eqpegpvtke"qpgu."ckokpi"cv"c" itcfwcn"cpf"jqoqigpgqwu"korngogpvcvkqp"Ïeqorcev"ekv{Ï0"Yjgp"tgcn/guvcvg" octmgv"tgeqxgtgf"kp"gctn{"pkpgvkgu."vjku"uvtcvgi{"tgxgcngf"kvu"ygcmpguugu<"htci/ ogpvgf"wtdcp" htkpig"cpf"vgpfgpe{" vq"c"eqpiguvkxg" oqfgn."tgkphqtegf"yjgp"c" pgy"igpgtcvkqp"qh"gzrcpukxg"rncpu"ftqxg"vjgug"uejgogu"qwv"qh"vjg"nkokvu"vjg{" ygtg"eqpegkxgf"ykvj0"Jqygxgt."cp"cnvgtpcvkxg"cpf"oqtg"uwuvckpcdng"oqfgn"jcf" cntgcf{"gogtigf."cu"uqog"pgy"wtdcp"rncppkpi"vqqnu"rtqrqugf"c"ejcpig"qh"rgt/ urgevkxg<"ocpcikpi"inqdcn"wtdcp"hqto"pqv"vjtqwij"hwvwtg"wtdcpkugf"urcegu."dwv" vjtqwij"qrgp"qpgu."igpgtcvkpi"cp"Ògorv{Ó"pgvyqtm"cdng"vq"ikxg"eqjgtgpeg"vq"vjg" yjqng"wtdcp"uvtwevwtg"kp"c"ogvtqrqnkvcp"uecng0 Mg{yqtfu<"Wtdcp"fgxgnqrogpv"rncppkpi."wtdcp"oqfgn."qrgp" urcegu."Xcnncfqnkf."Urckp jvvr<11fz0fqk0qti13206;;71KUWH42390423907463 24th ISUF International Conference 27th-29th September 2017 VALENCIA 21 24th ISUF International Conference 27th-29th September 2017 VALENCIA 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València rtgekugn{"ykvj"vjg"vtcpuhqtocvkqp"qh"pqp/wtdcp" areas into urban ones, proposing a more or nguu" fgÝpgf" hqto." ceeqtfkpi" vq" vjgkt" ueqrg0" These forms that plans propose are the result qh"fkhhgtgpv"kpÞwgpegu"cpf."cu"rqkpvgf."vjg{"ctg" vjgougnxgu"c"rqygthwn"kpÞwgpeg."gxgp"vjqwij" vjg"rncp"ku"tgxkugf"qt"uwduvkvwvgf"d{"c"pgy"qpg" dghqtg" dgeqokpi" vjg" tgcn" vqyp" rncp0" Vjwu." kv" is also possible and very interesting to analyse vjg"uvcigu"kp" vjg"eqpÝiwtcvkqp"qh" wtdcp"hqto" in urban development planning, comprising vjg"ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp"qh"vjg"kpÞwgpegu"chhgevkpi" gxgt{"uvcig"cpf"vjg"kpÞwgpeg"qh"gxgt{"qh"vjgo" kp" vjg" pgzv" qpgu0" Hqnnqykpi" vjg" Eqp¦gpkcp" vgto." vjku" rcrgt" ckou" cv" fgÝpkpi" uweeguukxg" ‘morphological periods’ in urban development planning in the Spanish city of Valladolid. Tgictfkpi"vjku"cko."kv"ku"Ýtuv"pgeguuct{"vq"ugv" the concept of urban development planning, cu" kv" eqortkugu" c" ykfg" tcpig" qh" rncppkpi" vqqnu" ykvj" xgt{" fkhhgtgpv" ueqrgu0" Vjku" rcrgt" focus on urban development planning tools yjqug"ueqrg"eqortkugu"vjg"yjqng"ekv{."pcogn{" rncppkpi"vqqnu"fgÝpkpi"vjg"inqdcn"wtdcp"hqto0" Thus, it concentrates on urban structure and vjg"yc{"kv"ku"fgÝpgf"tcvjgt"vjcp"qp"v{rqnqikecn" cpcn{uku0"Kp"vjg"Urcpkuj"ecug."vjku"mkpf"qh"vqqnu" eqttgurqpfu"vq"vjg"uq/ecnngf"Rncpgu"Igpgtcngu" fg"Qtfgpcek„p"Wtdcpc"qt"igpgtcn"rncpu."yjqug" main objective has consisted of planning the wtdcp"fgxgnqrogpv"qh"vjg"yjqng"ekv{."fgÝpkpi" those areas to be urbanised in the short and kp" vjg" nqpi" vgto" cnqpi" ykvj" vjg" uvtwevwtg" uwrrqtvkpi"vjku"itqyvj0 Ugeqpf."kv" ku" cnuq"pgeguuct{"vq" lwuvkh{" yj{" Valladolid has been chosen as case. Valladolid ku"c"ogfkwo/uk¦gf"ekv{"nqecvgf"kp"vjg"egpvtg"qh" vjg"tgikqp"qh"Ecuvknnc"{"Nfiqp."kp"vjg"pqtvj/yguv" qh"kppgt"Urckp."cpf"cnqpi"vjg"ncuv"Ýxg"fgecfgu." kv"jcu"gzrgtkgpegf"cp"kortguukxg"wtdcp"itqyvj0" Cv" vjg" gpf" qh" vjg" Ýhvkgu" kv" jcf" qpn{" 372.222" kpjcdkvcpvu." cpf" kv" ku" pqy" vjg" egpvtg" qh" c" ogvtqrqnkvcp" ctgc" ykvj" 622.222" kpjcdkvcpvu." three quarters of them corresponding to the ekv{0"Vjku"itqyvj"ycu"vq"dg"ocpcigf"vjtqwij" fkhhgtgpv" igpgtcn" rncpu=" coqpi" vjgo." vyq" eqortkukpi"vjg"ekv{"cpf"vyq" eqortkukpi"dqvj" the city and its metropolitan area can be jkijnkijvgf0"Dg{qpf"kvu"urgekÝe"ejctcevgtkuvkeu" and proposals, these plans represent the trends in Spanish urban planning along this period to be also found in other similar Spanish cities. Tgictfkpi" wtdcp" hqto" eqpÝiwtcvkqp." vjg{" fgÝpg"vjtgg"engct"uvcigu"vjcv"eqwnf"dg"gzrnckpgf" cu"vjg"gxqnwvkqp"qh"igpgtcn"rncpu"vqyctfu"oqtg" place-based proposals. Vjg" ukzvkgu" cpf" ugxgpvkgu<" cwvqpqoqwu" uejgogu"hqt"cp"gzrcpukxg"wtdcp"itqyvj" Hqto" gctn{" ukzvkgu." Urcpkuj" geqpqo{" gzrgtkgpegf" cp" kortguukxg" itqyvj" vjcv" ycu" ceeqorcpkgf" d{" c" jwig" wtdcp" itqyvj0" Kp" hcev." c" engct" eqppgevkqp" ycu" guvcdnkujgf" d{" vjg"rqnkvkekcpu"dgvyggp"dqvj"rjgpqogpc."uq"kv" ycu"uvcvgf"vjcv"wtdcp"itqyvj"yqwnf"tgkphqteg" geqpqoke" itqyvj0" Eqpugswgpvn{." vjg" Urcpkuj" iqxgtpogpv" rtqoqvgf" cp" gzrcpukxg" wtdcp" rqnke{"vjcv"tgswktgf"c"pgy"igpgtcvkqp"qh"wtdcp" planning tools. Vjg"Ýtuv"Urcpkuj"Ncpf"Rtqrgtv{"cpf"Wtdcp" Rncppkpi" Cev" jcf" dggp" crrtqxgf" kp" 3;780" This act created the general plans as the main vqqn"ykvjkp"wtdcp"ncy"kp"ejctig"vq"rncp"wtdcp" itqyvj" kp" gxgt{" owpkekrcnkv{0" Vjgug" rncpu" ygtg"vq"dg"eqqtfkpcvgf"cv"c"rtqxkpekcn"cpf"gxgp" pcvkqpcn"ngxgn."cpf"ygtg"cnuq"vq"fg"fgxgnqrgf" through other planning tools affecting sectors vq" dg" wtdcpkugf" qt" vtcpuhqtogf0" Jqygxgt." vjg" korngogpvcvkqp" qh" vjku" cev" ycu" unqy" cpf" partial. Some municipalities approved their igpgtcn" rncpu." dwv" vjg{" eqpvkpwgf" vq" hqnnqy" schemes and to use mechanisms that they had been using since nineteenth century. The Okpkuvt{"qh"Jqwukpi."etgcvgf"kp"3;79"vq"cuuwog" all competences concerning urban planning and development, decided to act by itself and it developed a lot of urban projects even though the general plans of the municipalities had not included them. At the same time, it put pressure on municipalities so they approved pgy"igpgtcn"rncpu"hquvgtkpi"wtdcp"itqyvj0 The case of Valladolid is very representative qh" vjku" rtqeguu0" Fwtkpi" vjg" ukzvkgu." vjg" rqrwncvkqp" itgy" oqtg" vjcp" 72'" cpf" vjcv" kpxqnxgf" c" tgoctmcdng" wtdcp" vtcpuhqtocvkqp0" C" nqv" qh" pgkijdqwtjqqfu" dgecog" fgpukÝgf" cpf" pgy" tgukfgpvkcn" ¦qpgu" hqt" yqtmgtu" ygtg" built in some little vacant spaces among them. Vjku"vtcpuhqtocvkqp"ycu"ockpn{"eqpvtqnngf"d{" local real estate developers supported by the 22 City and territory in the Globalization Age Conference proceedings 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València owpkekrcn"iqxgtpogpv."yjkej"ycu"tgnwevcpv"vq" update the obsolete urban plan that had been crrtqxgf"kp"3;5;0"Jqygxgt."cv"vjg"gpf"qh"vjku" fgecfg."yjgp"vjgug"nqecn"fgxgnqrgtu"ygtg"cnuq" nqqmkpi"hqt"pgy"yc{u"qh" igvvkpi"rtqÝvu"htqo" wtdcp" itqyvj." vjg" nqecn" iqxgtpogpv" Ýpcnn{" accepted the suggestion of the Ministry of Jqwukpi"vq"gncdqtcvg"c"pgy"igpgtcn"rncp0 Cv" vjcv" oqogpv." vjg" Fktgevqtcvg/Igpgtcn" hqt"Wtdcpkuo"ycu"cnuq"nqqmkpi"hqt"pgy"yc{u" qh" eqpÝiwtkpi" wtdcp" itqyvj0" Oquv" igpgtcn" plans that had been approved until then ygtg" tcvjgt" vtcfkvkqpcn" rncpu" qh" gzrcpukqp" through ensanches, but that did not satisfy the tgswktgogpvu" qh" vjg" itgcv" wtdcp" itqyvj" vjcv" Urcpkuj" ekvkgu" ygtg" gzrgtkgpekpi0" Tglgevkpi" the typical monocentric model, the ‘directional itqyvjÓ"dgecog"vjg"dguv"uqnwvkqp"*Vgtƒp."3;:4." r0" 624/5+0"Vjku" pgy" wtdcp" oqfgn" ecog" htqo" vjg" vjgqtkgu" fgxgnqrgf" d{" E0" C0" Fqzkcfku." ykfgn{" urtgcf" kp" Urckp0" Vjku" hcoqwu" Itggm" architect defended that the traditional urban model, composed of centre and periphery, ycu"pq"nqpigt"xkcdng"fwg"vq"vjg"gzrcpukqp"qh" cities. He then proposed the alternative of the ‘dynapolis’, so ‘the modern metropolis can gzrcpf" hqnnqykpi" c" fktgevkqp" ]È" egpvtg" cpf" rgtkrjgt{" yqwnf" mggr" c" eqpvkpwqwu" dcncpeg" yjkng"vjg"ekv{"itqyu"qxgt"xcecpv"qt"wpkpjcdkvgf" urceguÓ"*Fqzkcfku."3;85."r0"334+0 Tgictfkpi" vjku" pgy" qtkgpvcvkqp" qh" wtdcp" rncppkpi" rqnkekgu." vjg" pgy" igpgtcn" rncp" qh" Xcnncfqnkf" dgecog" Òvjg" engctguv" gzcorng" qh" fktgevkqpcn" rncppkpi." yjkej" jcu" cuuwogf" vjg" ygnn/mpqyp" rtqrqucnu" qh" FqzkcfkuÓ" *Vgtƒp." 3;:4."r0"625+0"Kp"3;8:."vjg"nqecn"iqxgtpogpv" of Valladolid commissioned a team leaded by the architect Javier de Mesones the elaboration qh"vjku" pgy"igpgtcn" rncp." dwv"vjg" Okpkuvt{"qh" Jqwukpi"fgekfgf"vjcv"vjku"rncp"yqwnf"kpenwfg" not only the municipality of Valladolid, but cnuq" qvjgt" 35" owpkekrcnkvkgu" ctqwpf" kv." kp" order to promote urban development at a metropolitan scale. The general plan became then a metropolitan plan. Fqzkcfku" jcf" gzrnckpgf" vjcv" vjg" f{pcrqnku" Òyqwnf"rtqitguukxgn{" vcmg" kvu"igqogvtke"hqto" vjtqwij"c"tgevknkpgct"u{uvgo"qh"czguÓ."cpf"vjcv" itkf" yqwnf" dg" qticpkugf" vjtqwij" vjg" Òjwocp" ugevqtÓ."Òdcuke"gngogpv"qh"ykfguv"wtdcp"¦qpgu"cu" c"yjqngÓ"*Fqzkcfku."3;85."r0"334/7+0"Vjg"pgy" ogvtqrqnkvcp"rncp."yjkej"ycu"Ýpcnn{"crrtqxgf" kp" 3;92." engctn{" cuuwogf" vjgug" kfgcu0" Vcmkpi" kpvq"ceeqwpv"vjcv"vjg"yqtmgtu"pgkijdqwtjqqfu" ygtg" ockpn{" nqecvgf" cnqpi" vjg" pqtvj" cpf" vjg" east of the city, the plan proposed to foster vjg" wtdcp" itqyvj" vqyctfu" vjg" uqwvjyguv." yjkej" ycu" cnuq" vjg" fktgevkqp" qh" vjg" ockp" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" tqwvgu" eqppgevkpi" ykvj" Ocftkf" cpf" vjg" pqtvjyguv" qh" Urckp0" Hqnnqykpi" vjku" direction, the plan designed an ambitious grid qh" oqvqtyc{u" vjcv" gzvgpfu" dg{qpf" vjg" nkokvu" of the municipality of Valladolid ignoring any vgttkvqtkcn"eqpuvtckpv"cpf"vjcv"fgÝpgu"tgukfgpvkcn" ugevqtu" hqt" 42.222" kpjcdkvcpvu." yjkng" pgy" kpfwuvtkcn"¦qpgu"ctg"rncegf"cv"vjg"gcuv."enqug"vq" yqtmgtu"pgkijdqwtjqqfu0 Pgy" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" kphtcuvtwevwtgu" cpf" v{rkecn" ¦qpkpi" ogejcpkuou" fgÝpg" cp" wtdcp" oqfgn"vjcv"ocvejgu"Fqzkcfku"kfgcu"cpf"vjcv"ku" cnuq"Òc"hckvjhwn"tgÞgevkqp"qh"vjg"wtdcp"rncppkpi" rqnke{." rtgxcknkpi" kp" vjg" ukzvkgu." korgnngf" d{" Nqecn"cpf"Egpvtcn"CfokpkuvtcvkqpuÓ"*Hkiwgtqc" Ucncu."4222."r0"74+0"Vjgtg"ku"pqv"cp{"tgÞgevkqp" qp"gzkuvkpi" wtdcp"eqpfkvkqpu." dwv"tgrqtvu"vjcv" analysed the opportunities to contribute to geqpqoke"fgxgnqrogpv"vjtqwij"wtdcp"itqyvj0" Xcnncfqnkf" jcf" 457.222" kpjcdkvcpvu" cv" vjg" Hkiwtg"30 Ogvtqrqnkvcp"Rncp"qh"Xcnncfqnkf."3;920" Tqcf"pgvyqtm<"rncp"qh"uvcigu 23 24th ISUF International Conference 27th-29th September 2017 VALENCIA 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València beginning of the seventies, many of them living in bad conditions, but the metropolitan rncp" eqpegpvtcvgf" qpn{" qp" jqy" vq" tgcej" 9:2.222" kpjcdkvcpvu" kp" 42250" Hqtguggkpi" vjku" jwig" rqrwncvkqp" itqyvj." kv" rtqrqugf" cp" ÒcwvqpqoqwuÓ" gzrcpukxg" uejgog." cp" cduvtcev" cpf" ugnh/qticpkugf" itkf" vq" ocmg" vjcv" itqyvj" rquukdng0" Jqygxgt." vjg" geqpqoke" etkuku" vjcv" dwtuv"lwuv"c"hgy"{gctu"ncvgt"ocfg"vjku"rtqrqucn" wphgcukdng0" Cnqpi" ykvj" qvjgt" hcevqtu." vjcv" resulted in a clear shift in urban policies that cnuq"chhgevgf"vjg"yc{" vq"rncp" vjg" wtdcp"hqto" of the city. Vjg"gkijvkgu<"c"tcfkq/eqpegpvtke"oqfgn"hqt"c" eqorcev"ekv{ Htqo"vjg" okf/ugxgpvkgu."Urckp" gpvgtgf"kpvq" c" period of deep political and economic changes. Vjg" kpvgtpcvkqpcn" etkuku" vjcv" dwtuv" kp" 3;95" affected Spanish economy and stopped urban itqyvj" yjkng" vjg" eqwpvt{" ycu" ectt{kpi" qwv" the transition to democracy after the death qh" fkevcvqt" Htcpeq" kp" 3;970" Chvgt" vjg" Ýtuv" fgoqetcvke"igpgtcn"gngevkqp"vjcv"vqqm"rnceg"kp" 3;99"cpf"qpeg"vjg"pgy"fgoqetcvke"Eqpuvkvwvkqp" ycu"crrtqxgf"kp"3;9:."vjg"iqxgtpogpv"ecnngf" hqt"vjg"Ýtuv"owpkekrcn"gngevkqp"qp"Crtkn"3;9;0" Wtdcp" kuuwgu" rnc{gf" c" mg{" tqng" fwtkpi" vjcv" ecorckip0" Nghv/ykpi" rctvkgu" uwej" cu" vjg" socialists or the communists pledged themselves to foster a radical shift in urban policies. They rtqokugf"vq"hqewu"qp"yqtmgtu"pgkijdqwtjqqfu." yjkej" ygtg" uwhhgtkpi" ugxgtg" fgÝekvu" qh" dcuke" wtdcp"gswkrogpv"uwej"cu"rctmu."uejqqnu."jgcnvj" egpvtgu." gve0." cpf" tgictfkpi" wtdcp" itqyvj." vjg{" tglgevgf" vjg" gzrcpukxg" oqfgnu" vjcv" jcf" been promoted but had become unfeasible. Gxgpvwcnn{." vjgug" rctvkgu" yqp" vjg" gngevkqp" in most important Spanish cities, including Valladolid, so they started to put their promises kpvq" rtcevkeg." yjkej" kpxqnxgf" vjg" tgxkukqp" qh" general plans. Dg{qpf" vjku" tghqtokuv" urktkv." vjg" pgy" generation of general plans promoted by these pgy"nqecn"iqxgtpogpvu"cuuwogf"c"Òfkcngevkecn" tgncvkqpujkr" dgvyggp" uvtwevwtg" cpf" hqto." dgvyggp" uvtwevwtg" cpf" rncpÓ" *Ecnxq." 3;;2." r0" ;;+0"Vjg{"nqqmgf"hqt"cp"kpvgitcvgf"rgturgevkxg" eqodkpkpi"vyq"crrtqcejgu<"vjg"rctvu"fgÝpkpi" vjg"yjqng."cpf"vjg"yjqng"fgÝpkpi"vjg"rctvu."k0g0" vjg{"cpcn{ugf"cpf"tgÞgevgf"qp"gxgt{"rctv"qh"vjg" ekv{"uq"kv"yqwnf"ocvej"vjg"yjqng"uvtwevwtg"qh" vjg"ekv{."cpf"vjg{"cnuq"ejgemgf"vjcv"vjg"cffkvkqp" qh"cnn"rctvu"yqwnf"tguwnv"kp"c"dcncpegf"inqdcn" structure. In this regard, they paid a particular attention to urban form at the intermediate uecng."eqpukfgtkpi"vjg"gzkuvkpi"ekv{"cu"vjg"ockp" reference and promoting its improvement in terms of reinforcing the coherence among vjg" v{rqnqikgu." vjg" pgvyqtm" qh" uvtggvu" cpf" vjg" rncppgf" qt" gzkuvkpi" rwdnke" urcegu" cpf" buildings. All these features shared by most rncpu"qh"vjcv"rgtkqf"ygtg"uwooctk¦gf"d{"uqog" cwvjqtu"wpfgt"vjg"gzrtguukqp"qh"c"Òoqtg"wtdcp" wtdcpkuoÓ."uq"cvvcejgf"vq"vjg"gzkuvkpi"ekv{"vjcv." kp" hcev." Òvjg" hqto" qh" vjg" ekv{" ku" vjg" gzkuvkpi" ekv{"kvugnh."{gv"eqttgevgf"cpf"kortqxgfÓ"*Uqnƒ/ Oqtcngu"cpf"Rctegtkuc."3;:9."r0"72+0 Jqygxgt."vjg"rtqdngo"qh"hwvwtg"wtdcp"itqyvj" jcf"cnuq"vq"dg"hcegf0"Cu"vjg"rtgxkqwu"gzrcpukxg" oqfgnu"ygtg"eqpukfgtgf"gzeguukxg"cpf"wpÝvvgf" vq" vjg" gzkuvkpi" ekv{." vjg" qdlgevkxg" eqpukuvgf" qh" Ýpfkpi" c" oqfgn" vjcv" yqwnf" eqpvkpwg" vq" dg" gzrcpukxg" dwv" vjcv" yqwnf" cnuq" cnnqy" vjg" eqpvkpwkv{" ykvj" vjg" gzkuvkpi" ekv{" cpf" gxgp" its improvement. While the most innovative Hkiwtg"40 Igpgtcn"Rncp"qh"Xcnncfqnkf."3;:60" Igpgtcn"Uvtwevwtg"cpf"ncpf"encuukÝecvkqp0 24 City and territory in the Globalization Age Conference proceedings 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València ghhqtv" eqpegpvtcvgf" qp" vjg" tg/fgÝpkvkqp" qh" wtdcp"hqto"ykvjkp"vjg"gzkuvkpi"ekv{."vjg"inqdcn" wtdcp" uvtwevwtg" ycu" wuwcnn{" eqpegkxgf" htqo" conservative schemes that had proved its ghÝekgpe{." uwej" cu" vjg" tcfkq/eqpegpvtke" qpgu0" C{oqpkpq" *3;:3." r0" 395/6+" rqkpvu" vjcv" vjku" uejgog" Òcuuwogu" c" itqyvj" oqfgn" dcugf" qp" a single political-administrative centre’ and that it becomes ‘the most suitable to foresee urban development —mainly composed of tgukfgpvkcn" ugvvngogpvuÏ=" kpfggf." vjgug" pgy" ugevqtu"ecp"dg"eqpukfgtgf."ykvjkp"vjku"uejgog." as pieces to be added to a system that runs ukpeg"rtgegfkpi"vkogu"]È"uwej"cu"vjg"u{uvgo" qh"vjg"eqorcev"ekv{Ó0"Eqpugswgpvn{."vjg"tcfkq/ eqpegpvtke"oqfgn"chÝtou"vjg"owpkekrcn"rqygt" ykvjkp" ogvtqrqnkvcp" htcogyqtmu" cpf" kv" cnuq" ugvu"vjg"yknn"vq"eqpvtqn"wtdcp"itqyvj."hqnnqykpi" vjku" oqfgn" qh" uweeguukxg" rkgegu" vjcv" Ýv" kp" c" rtgxkqwun{"fgÝpgf"uvtwevwtg"vjcv"gogtigu"htqo" vjg" gzkuvkpi" ekv{" cpf" iwctcpvggu" c" eqpvkpwkv{" dgvyggp" yjcv" gzkuvu" cpf" yjcv" ku" rncppgf0" Xcnncfqnkf"cpf"kvu"pgy"igpgtcn"rncp."gncdqtcvgf" d{" c" vgco" jgcfgf" d{" Dgtpctfq"[p¦gpic" cpf" crrtqxgf"kp"3;:6."ctg"cickp"c"engct"gzcorng0 This general plan aimed to get a ‘spatially balanced and, specially, socially inclusive wtdcp" oqfgn." kp" eqpvtcuv" ykvj" vjg" rtgxkqwu" ones and assuming a radio-concentric spatial uvtwevwtgÓ" *Hgtpƒpfg¦/Octqvq" 4237." r0" 482+0" Vjku" tcfkq/eqpegpvtke" uejgog" ycu" eqorqugf" of a double system of ring roads. The inner ring tqcf"ycu"rncegf"enqug"vq"vjg"gzkuvkpi"rgtkrjgt{" qh" vjg" ekv{." vq" Ýnn" kp" vjg" urcegu" dgvyggp" kv" cpf"vjku" pgy" tqcf" ykvj"pgy" tgukfgpvkcn" ctgcu" eqodkpgf"ykvj"rwdnke"urcegu"vq"ugtxg"vq"dqvj" vjg"gzkuvkpi"cpf"vjg"rncppgf"pgkijdqwtjqqfu0" Hwtvjgt"cyc{."vjg"qwvgt"tkpi"tqcf"fgÝpgu"c"dgnv" qh" tgukfgpvkcn" ugevqtu" vjcv" yqwnf" cuuwog" vjg" wtdcp"itqyvj"kp"vjg"nqpi"vgto"cpf"vjcv"fgÝpg" vjg" Ýpcn" hqtguggp" oqfgn" qh" c" eqorcev" ekv{0" Jqygxgt." vjku" crrctgpvn{" kuqvtqrke" uejgog" ycu"cnvgtgf"d{"vjg"ghhgevu"qh"vjg"ogvtqrqnkvcp" rncp" qh" 3;920" Dqvj" tkpi" tqcfu" ctg" kp" hcev" wpeqorngvg."cu"vjg{"eqppgev"ykvj"c"oqvqtyc{" vjcv" hqnnqyu" vjg" uqwvjyguv" fktgevkqp" vjcv" vjg" ogvtqrqnkvcp"rncp"kfgpvkÝgf"cu"vjg"fgxgnqrkpi" eqttkfqt"vq"rtqoqvg0"Hwtvjgtoqtg."vjg"hqtguggp" pgy" tgukfgpvkcn" ugevqtu" ygtg" vq" hqnnqy" c" rtqitcookpi" vjcv" rtkqtkvk¦gf" ocp{" nqecvgf" nkmgykug"kp" vjg"uqwvjyguv" qh" vjg"ekv{0" Kp"hcev." oquv"qh"vjgo"ygtg"rtgxkqwu"rtqlgevu"qh"nqecn" tgcn"guvcvg"fgxgnqrgtu"vjcv"vjg"pgy"igpgtcn"rncp" decided to assume. Thus, this general plan made use of traditional planning tools such as transport infrastructures or residential sectors to eqorngvg" vjg" gzkuvkpi" pgkijdqwtjqqfu" qt" ÒrkgeguÓ"qh"vjg"ekv{"ykvj"cffkvkqpcn"hwvwtg"qpgu0" Cnn" qh" vjgo" yqwnf" tgockp" godgffgf" kp" c" tcfkq/eqpegpvtke"uejgog"vjcv"yqwnf"iwctcpvgg" c"itcfwcn"cpf"jqoqigpgqwu"itqyvj"vqyctfu"c" bigger but compact city. ‘The costs of imposing to territory this apparently right conceptual hqto" ]È" uggo" jgtg" jkijÓ" *Uqnƒ/Oqtcngu." 3;:7."r0"33+."dwv"kv"ycu"vjqwijv"vjcv"vjg"wtdcp" itqyvj"kpgtvkc"vqyctfu"vjg"uqwvjyguv"eqwnf"dg" controlled inside this scheme, and the illusion qh"c"eqorcev"ekv{"rtgxckngf0"Jqygxgt."kv"vwtpgf" soon into disillusion. Vjg"pkpgvkgu<"vjg"gogtigpeg"qh"cp"cnvgtpcvkxg" oqfgn"kp"c"htciogpvgf"vgttkvqt{ Chvgt"vjg"{gctu"qh"etkuku."wtdcp"itqyvj"tguwogf" htqo" okf/gkijvkgu" hqnnqykpi" geqpqoke" Hkiwtg"50 Igpgtcn"Rncp"qh"Xcnncfqnkf."42250" Ncpf"encuukÝecvkqp0 25 24th ISUF International Conference 27th-29th September 2017 VALENCIA 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València fgxgnqrogpv0" Tgcn" guvcvg" octmgv" uvctvgf" c" rcvj" qh" itqyvj" vjcv" dtkgÞ{" uvqrrgf" dgvyggp" 3;;4"cpf"3;;5"dwv"vjcv"rtqitguukxgn{"urgf"wr" ukpeg"okf/pkpgvkgu"vq"vjg"gzvgpv"qh"igpgtcvkpi"c" dwddng"vjcv"Ýpcnn{"dwtuv"kp"422:0"Cu"jcrrgpgf" kp"vjg"ukzvkgu"cpf"ugxgpvkgu."vjg"tqng"qh"tgcn"guvcvg" octmgv"kp"Urcpkuj"geqpqo{"ycu"hquvgtgf0"Hktuv." kpxguvogpvu" ygtg" rtqoqvgf" vjtqwij" Ýuecn" dgpgÝvu0"Ncvgt."cevkqpu"tgncvgf"vq"wtdcp"ncy"cpf" rtcevkeg" ygtg" cnuq" vcmgp0" Vjg" Ncpf" Rtqrgtv{" cpf"Wtdcp"Rncppkpi"Cev"ycu"tghqtogf"kp"3;;:" to increase land offer to be urbanised, and municipal governments promoted the revision of general plans to put this policy into practice. Ykvjkp" vjku" eqpvgzv." Òvjg" swguvkqp" qh" wtdcp" planning, of the construction of the city, give in to the question of land, of the management qh"ncpf"octmgvÓ"*Tqej"Rg‚c."4223."r0"8+0"Vjg" concern on urban form and its cultural and uqekcn"ukipkÝecpeg"vjcv"gzkuvgf"kp"vjg"gkijvkgu" disappeared in practice. Kp"Xcnncfqnkf."pgy"tgukfgpvkcn"ugevqtu"uvctvgf" to be developed from mid-eighties, all of them located in the south of the city. At the same time, some other municipalities close to this part of the city started to attract population that used to live in Valladolid, especially young rgqrng"yjq"hqwpf"iqqf" fygnnkpiu"cv"c" dgvvgt" price than in the city. Ignoring the principle of territorial balance that the general plan crrtqxgf" kp" 3;:6" kpenwfgf." vjg" owpkekrcn" government of Valladolid reacted to this rjgpqogpqp"cpf"kv"rtqoqvgf"c"eqorngvg"pgy" neighbourhood in the south of Valladolid after dw{kpi"uqog"ncpf"vjgtg0"Jqygxgt."vjcv"cevkqp" did not stop the move of people from the city to its surrounding municipalities, especially to vjqug"nqecvgf"kp"vjg"uqwvjyguv."vjg"vtcfkvkqpcn" cpf"cnyc{u"rtqoqvgf"czku"qh"fgxgnqrogpv0" These surrounding municipalities had started to revise their general planning tools to increase the quantity of land to be urbanised and the municipal government of Valladolid decided eventually to employ the same strategy. Vjg"tcfkq/eqpegpvtke"uejgog"vjcv"ycu"fgÝpgf" kp"vjg"gkijvkgu"ycu"ftkxgp"qwv"qh"vjg"nkokvu"kv" ycu" eqpegkxgf" ykvj" yjgp" c" tgxkukqp" qh" vjg" igpgtcn"rncp"ycu"crrtqxgf"kp"42250"Cnvjqwij" numerous residential sectors that have been hqtguggp"enqug"vq"vjg"gzkuvkpi"ekv{"jcf"pqv"dggp" fgxgnqrgf." pgy" qpgu" ygtg" fgÝpgf" dg{qpf" vjg"qwvgt"tkpi"tqcf."ykvjqwv"vjkpmkpi"kp"c"pgy" uejgog" vq" cuuwog" vjcv" mkpf" qh" gzrcpukqp0" Kv" ycu" c" Òj{rgt/hqtgecuv" qh" wtdcp" fgxgnqrogpv" ]È"ykvj"pq"eqjgtgpeg"tgictfkpi"kvu"uvtcvgikecn" rqkpvuÓ"*Tkxcu"Ucp¦."422:."r0"4:;+."c"rncp"ykvj" no urban form, as spatial mechanisms are completely absent. Yjgp" tgcn" guvcvg" octmgv" hgnn" fqyp" kp" 422:." vjg" eqpugswgpegu" qh" vjku" wpeqpvtqnngf" wtdcp" itqyvj" tgxgcngf" vjgougnxgu0" Wtdcp" development had driven some parts of the city vq"c"ukvwcvkqp"qh"eqpiguvkqp."ykvj"cp"gzeguukxg" eqpegpvtcvkqp"qh"pgy"tgukfgpvkcn"¦qpgu."yjgtgcu" uqog"qvjgt"rctvu"dgecog"hckngf."cu"uqog"¦qpgu" ygtg" wtdcpkugf" dwv" pqv" qeewrkgf." tgockpkpi" jcnh/gorv{0" Gogtikpi" wtdcp" egpvtcnkvkgu" ygtg" cnuq" dcf" ocpcigf." cu" ugxgtcn" ocnnu" ygtg" rtqoqvgf" gxgp" vjqwij" vjgtg" ycu" pqv" gpqwij" fgocpf"vq"ocmg"vjgo"xkcdng0"Vjku"gzrcpukxg" urban model left behind a fragmented urban fringe, a condition that has been pointed as the main characteristic of contemporary cities, in opposition to ‘the image of a regular, isotropic cpf" kpÝpkvg" wtdcp" urceg." rwtkÝgf" qh" cp{" eqpvkpigpv" ejctcevgtÓ" *Ugeejk." 4226." r0" 372+0" Vjg" mkpf" qh" wtdcp" urceg" vjcv" ycu" hqtguggp" Hkiwtg"60 Ncpf"Rncppkpi"Iwkfgnkpgu"hqt"Xcnncfqnkf."42230" U{uvgo"qh"rctmu"cpf"itggp"eqttkfqtu0 26 City and territory in the Globalization Age Conference proceedings 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València in the eighties and that revealed itself as unfeasible in the nineties. The question is then jqy"vq"ocpcig"wtdcp"hqto"ykvjkp"vjg"eqpvgzv" of the diffuse city. In this regard, an alternative and more sustainable model had already emerged in Xcnncfqnkf" fwtkpi" vjg" {gctu" qh" gzrcpukxg" itqyvj0" Yjgp" vjg" tgikqpcn" iqxgtpogpv" qh" Ecuvknnc" {" Ng„p" cuuwogf" eqorgvgpegu" kp" urban issues from mid-nineties, it approved a Vgttkvqtkcn"Rncppkpi"Cev"vjcv"kpenwfgf"pgy"wtdcp" planning tools regarding metropolitan areas. Eqpugswgpvn{."kv"eqookuukqpgf"vjg"gncdqtcvkqp" qh"vjg"Ncpf"Rncppkpi"Iwkfgnkpgu"hqt"Xcnncfqnkf" cpf"kvu"uwttqwpfkpi"ctgc."yjqug"qdlgevkxg"ycu" to establish some criteria to manage urban itqyvj" ykvjqwv" chhgevkpi" vjg" eqorgvgpegu" qh" owpkekrcn" iqxgtpogpvu." yjkej" qdxkqwun{" eqpuvkvwvgf" c" itgcv" eqpuvtckpv0" Jqygxgt." vjku" pgy" cpf" kppqxcvkxg" rncppkpi" vqqn" qxgtecog" vjku"dcttkgt"d{"rtqrqukpi"c"pgy"rgturgevkxg"vq" fgÝpg"wtdcp"hqto"cv"c"ogvtqrqnkvcp"uecng0"Vjg" Ncpf"Rncppkpi"Iwkfgnkpgu"ygtg"pqv"cnnqygf"vq" fgekfg" yjgtg" vq" nqecvg" pgy" wtdcp" ctgcu." dwv" vjg{" ygtg" cnnqygf" vq" rtgxgpv" wtdcp" itqyvj" in those areas that merit a protection, due to its ecological or productive values. After thoroughly analysing the characteristics of vjg" vgttkvqt{" kp" vjg" yjqng" ogvtqrqnkvcp" ctgc." vjg"Ncpf"Rncppkpi"Iwkfgnkpgu"fgÝpgf"ugxgtcn" spaces to be protected: the so-called Areas qh" Ukpiwnct" Geqnqikecn" Xcnwg." yjkej" ctg" vjg" most important natural spaces, and the soecnngf" Oquv" Xcnwcdng" Citctkcp" Ncpfuecrgu." yjkej" ctg" nkpmgf" vq" jkuvqtke" kphtcuvtwevwtgu" vjcv"jcf"fgÝpgf"vjg"uvtwevwtg"qh"vjg"vgttkvqt{0" Hwtvjgtoqtg." vjg" Ncpf" Rncppkpi" Iwkfgnkpgu" rtqrqugf"c"ogvtqrqnkvcp"u{uvgo" qh" rctmu"cpf" itggp" eqttkfqtu" vq" dg" Òvjg" oqfgtcvkxg" mg{" qh"fkurgtugf"itqyvj"cpf" vjg"iwctcpvgg" qh" vjg" positive quality of settlements system’ (Rivas Ucp¦."4232."r0"535+0 Thus, they proposed a structure for the yjqng" ogvtqrqnkvcp" ctgc" vq" dg" dwknv" wrqp" c" system of protected spaces and green corridors. Qrgp" urcegu" cpf" vjg" Ògorv{Ó" pgvyqtm" vjcv" yqwnf" eqppgev" vjgo" gogtigf" cu" vjg" dguv" yc{" vq" fgÝpg" wtdcp" hqto" kp" vjg" eqpvgzv" qh" vjg" fkhhwug" wtdcp" itqyvj" cpf" vjg" htciogpvgf" territory. They aimed at giving coherence to the yjqng"wtdcp"uvtwevwtg"kp"c"ogvtqrqnkvcp"uecng." yjkng"vjg"vtcfkvkqpcn"ogejcpkuou"eqpukuvkpi"qh" fgÝpkpi"vjg"¦qpgu"vq"dg"wtdcpkugf"ygtg"tkumkpi" its sustainability. Eqpenwukqp Planning cities or metropolitan areas through an alternative system based on non-urbanised spaces and corridors is emerging as a more sustainable urban model. The process described in the case of Valladolid can also be found in qvjgt"ukoknct"Urcpkuj"ekvkgu0"Hqt"kpuvcpeg."vjg" Accompanying Plan for the International Gzjkdkvkqp"vjcv"vqqm"rnceg"kp"¥ctciq¦c"kp"422:" rtqrqugf"c"pgvyqtm"qh"itggp"urcegu"tgncvgf"vq" xctkqwu" tkxgtu" cpf" ycvgtyc{u0" Icvjgtkpi" cnn" tgÞgevkqpu"tgictfkpi"vjku"swguvkqp"vjcv"jcf"dggp" eqpfwevgf"hqt"oqtg"vjcp"37"{gctu."vjku"rtqrqucn" ckogf"cv"ikxkpi"eqjgtgpeg"vq"vjg"yjqng"wtdcp" structure by guiding urban regeneration actions. Vjg"rkqpggtkpi"cpf"oquv"mpqyp"ecug"ku"Xkvqtkc" cpf"kvu"Itggp"Dgnv."c"eqortgjgpukxg"rtqlgev"hqt" Hkiwtg"70 Igpgtcn"Rncp"qh"Xcnncfqnkf"*Cfxcpeg+."42340"Uejgog" qh"kppgt"cpf"qwvgt"itggp"dgnvu 27 24th ISUF International Conference 27th-29th September 2017 VALENCIA 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València vjg"yjqng"rgtkrjgt{"qh"vjg"ekv{"vjcv"uvctvgf"kp" vjg"gkijvkgu"cu"c"yc{"vq"cxqkf"Þqqfu"cpf"vjcv" ncvgt" jcf" vq" hceg" gzrcpukxg" uvtckpu" tgictfkpi" pgy"tgukfgpvkcn"ctgcu"vjcv"rwv"kv"cv"tkum0" Vjku" mkpf" qh" pgy" wtdcp" pgvyqtmu" ku" oqtg" and more related to a shift in city management uwooctkugf" vjtqwij" vjg" gzrtguukqp" Òitg{" vq" itggpÓ" *ECDG." 422;+." yjkej" ogcpu" vjcv" traditional ‘grey’ urban infrastructures such as roads or canals can be substituted by more rnceg/dcugf."itggp"ogejcpkuou."yjkej"tguwnvu" in a more sustainable management of urban ogvcdqnkuo0" Jqygxgt." kv" ecp" cnuq" dg" tgcf" cu" c"ujkhv"kp"wtdcp"hqto"rncppkpi0"Kp"vjg"eqpvgzv" of the diffuse city, closed schemes employing these same ‘grey’ systems as planning mechanisms are not able to control urban itqyvj." yjkej" ku" pqycfc{u" htciogpvgf" cpf" depends on a multiplicity of decisions that are impossible to foresee. It is thus important to fgÝpg"cp"wpfgtn{kpi"uejgog"gpuwtkpi"c"oqtg" resilient and sustainable urban development. The challenge consists of integrating this alternative model in usual urban planning, yjkej" eqpvkpwgu" vq" dg" xgt{" fgrgpfkpi" qp" those traditional mechanisms regarding the fgÝpkvkqp"qh"hwvwtg"wtdcp"hqto0"Vjku"pgy"yc{" is nevertheless little by little paved. After the dwddng" dwtuv." Xcnncfqnkf" ku" pqy" tgxkukpi" kv" general plan, and the advance document that ycu" crrtqxgf" kp" 4234" vq" iwkfg" vjg" tgxkukqp" rtqrqugf"c"pgy"rgturgevkxg"qp"igpgtcn"wtdcp" form that is structured upon an inner and outer itggp" dgnv0" Hqnnqykpi" vjg" urktkv" qh" vjg" Ncpf" Rncppkpi" Iwkfgnkpgu." vjgug" itggp" dgnvu" ctg" vq" assume the role of the inner and outer ring tqcfu."yjkej"jcxg"dggp"iwkfkpi"wtdcp"hqto"kp" the last thirty years. Cempqyngfiogpvu The University of Valladolid has funded the cvvgpfcpeg" qh" vjg" cwvjqt" vq" vjg" 46vj" KUWH" Valencia 2017 through the grant programme ‘Movilidad Doctorandos UVa 2017’. Tghgtgpegu C{oqpkpq." E0" *3;:3+" Gn" ukipkÝecfq" fg" ncu" ciudades (Blume, Madrid). Fqzkcfku." E0" C0" *3;85+" Ctswkvgevwtc" gp" transición (Ariel, Barcelona). Hgtpƒpfg¦"Octqvq."O0"*4237+"ÒGn"Rncp"Igpgtcn" fg"Xcnncfqnkf"fg"3;:60"Gp"nqu"qtigpgu"fg"wp" pwgxq" oqfgnq" wtdcpqÓ." Ekwfcfgu" 3:." 477/ 850 Hkiwgtqc" Ucncu." L0" *4222+" Nc" ogfkfc" {" nc" memoria: antología urbanística de Javier de Oguqpgu"3;72/4222"*Hwpfcek„p"Ogvt„rqnk." Madrid). ECDG" *422;+" Itg{" vq" itggp0" Jqy" yg" ujkhv" hwpfkpi"cpf"umknnu"vq"itggp"qwt"ekvkgu"*jvvr<11 yyy0fgukipeqwpekn0qti0wm1ukvgu1fghcwnv1 files/asset/document/grey-to-green.pdf) accessed 20 May 2017. Ecnxq." N0" *3;;2+" ÒGn" eqpvtqn" fgn" etgekokgpvq" urbano’, in Instituto del Territorio y Urbanismo and Istituto Universitario fk" Ctejkvgvvwtc" fk" Xgpg¦kc." 32" c‚qu" fg" rncpgcokgpvq" wtdcpuvkeq" gp" Gurc‚c" 3;9;/ 3;:;" *Okpkuvgtkq" fg" Qdtcu" R¿dnkecu" {" Wtdcpkuoq."Ocftkf+";9/3260 Tkxcu" Ucp¦." L0" N0" *422:+" ÒC{wpvcokgpvq" {" urbanismo’, in Merino Estrada, V. and Qtfw‚c" Tgdqnnq." G0" *eqqtf0+" Nc" ekwfcf" fg" Xcnncfqnkf"{"uw"C{wpvcokgpvq<"322"c‚qu"fg" jkuvqtkc"eqo¿p"*C{wpvcokgpvq"fg"Xcnncfqnkf." Xcnncfqnkf+"493/;60 Tkxcu"Ucp¦."L0"N0"*4232+"ÒNc"qtfgpcek„p"fg"nqu" procesos metropolitanos: las directrices de ordenación territorial de Valladolid y de su entorno (2001)’, in Vinuesa Angulo, J. and Icnkcpc" Octvp." N0" *gf0+" Vgqtc" {" rtƒevkec" para una ordenación racional del territorio *Upvguku."Ocftkf+"523/420 Tqej"Rg‚c."H0"*4223+"ÒJgigoqpc"kpoqdknkctkc" y desregulación urbanística: el declive del Plan creador’, Urban 6, 6-14. Ugeejk." D0" *4226+" ÒEkwfcf" oqfgtpc." ekwfcf" eqpvgorqtƒpgc" {" uwu" hwvwtquÓ." kp" Octvp" Tcoqu." C0" *gf0+" Nq" wtdcpq" gp" 42" cwvqtgu" eqpvgorqtƒpgqu"*Gfkekqpu"WRE."Dctegnqpc+" 367/7:0 Uqnƒ/Oqtcngu." O0" *3;:7+" ÒXcnncfqnkf<" nc" constante reforma de crecer sobre sí misma’, WT/Tgxkuvc"fg"Wtdcpkuoq"3."4/3;0 Uqnƒ/Oqtcngu" k" Twdk„." O0" cpf" Rctegtkuc" k" Dwpf„." L0" *3;:9+" ÒGn" wtdcpkuoq" wtdcpq<" forma urbana y planeamiento urbanístico gp" ukgvg" ecrkvcngu" gurc‚qncuÓ." Guvwfkqu" 28 City and territory in the Globalization Age Conference proceedings 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València Vgttkvqtkcngu"46."55/730 Vgtƒp." H0" *3;:4+" Rncpgcokgpvq" wtdcpq" gp" nc" Gurc‚c" eqpvgorqtƒpgc" *3;2213;:2+" *Cnkcp¦c."Ocftkf+0 Whitehand, J.W.R. (2001) ‘British urban oqtrjqnqi{<" vjg" Eqp¦gpkcp" vtcfkvkqpÓ." Wtdcp"Oqtrjqnqi{"7*4+."325/;0 29