Full text
,&RQJUHVRGH(VFXHODVGH(GLILFDFLyQ\$UTXLWHFWXUD7pFQLFDGH(VSDxD 9DOqQFLD\GHQRYLHPEUHGH (VFXHOD7pFQLFD6XSHULRUGH,QJHQLHUtDGH(GLILFDFLyQ 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD 'RLKWWSVGRLRUJ(',),&$7( 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD 0RGLILFDFLyQGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHOJUDGRHQ$UTXLWHFWXUD 7pFQLFD\(GLILFDFLyQGHOD83& &XUULFXOXPPRGLILFDWLRQIRUWKHGHJUHHLQ7HFKQLFDO $UFKLWHFWXUHDQG%XLOGLQJDWWKH83& ,QPDFXODGD5RGUtJXH]&DQWDODSLHGUDD\-XDQ5RGUtJXH]-RUGDQDE D(36(%83&LQPDFXODGDURGULJXH]#XSFHGXE(36(%83&MXDQURGULJXH]#XSFHGX $EVWUDFW :LWKLQWKHIUDPHZRUNRIFRQWLQXRXVLPSURYHPHQWRIWKHFRQWHQWVDQGWHDFKLQJ PHWKRGRORJLHV RI XQLYHUVLW\ GHJUHHV WKH (VFROD 3ROLWqFQLFD 6XSHULRU G(GLILFDFLyGH%DUFHORQD(36(%RIWKH8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWq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tDV GRFHQWHVGHODVWLWXODFLRQHVXQLYHUVLWDULDVHQOD(VFROD3ROLWqFQLFD6XSHULRU G¶(GLILFDFLyGH%DUFHORQD(36(%GHOD8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH&DWDOXQ\D 83&VHGHFLGLyKDFHUXQDUHYLVLyQ\SXHVWDDOGtDGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHO *UDGR HQ $UTXLWHFWXUD 7pFQLFD \ (GLILFDFLyQ *$7( &RPR SDVR SUHYLR VH GHVDUUROOyXQSODQHVWUDWpJLFRGHODWLWXODFLyQLQYROXFUDQGRDJHQWHVLQWHUQRV\ H[WHUQRVFX\DVFRQFOXVLRQHVIXHURQYLQFXODQWHVHQODPHQFLRQDGDUHYLVLyQ(O SODQGHHVWXGLRVPRGLILFDGRGHILQHHOSHUILOGHODWLWXODFLyQHLQWURGXFHQXHYDV PHWRGRORJtDV GRFHQWHV 3RU RWUD SDUWH VX SXHVWD HQ PDUFKD KD UHTXHULGR HVWUDWHJLDV FRPSURPLVRV \ HVIXHU]RV QRWDEOHV SRU SDUWH GH SURIHVRUDGR HVWXGLDQWDGR\SHUVRQDOGHDGPLQLVWUDFLyQ\VHUYLFLRV 3DODEUDV FODYH 3ODQ GH HVWXGLRV PHWRGRORJtDV GRFHQWHV FRPSHWHQFLDV *UDGR HQ $UTXLWHFWXUD 7pFQLFD \ (GLILFDFLyQ (VFROD 3ROLWqFQLFD 6XSHULRU G(GLILFDFLyGH%DUFHORQD(36(% 399
,QPDFXODGD5RGUtJXH]&DQWDODSLHGUD\-XDQ5RGUtJXH]-RUGDQD 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD ,QWURGXFFLyQ (VWHDUWtFXORSUHWHQGHH[SOLFDUODH[SHULHQFLDGHPRGLILFDFLyQGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHO*UDGR HQ$UTXLWHFWXUD7pFQLFD\(GLILFDFLyQ*$7(OOHYDGDDFDERHQOD(VFROD3ROLWqFQLFD6XSHULRU G¶(GLILFDFLyGH%DUFHORQD(36(%(QSULPHUOXJDUVHH[SOLFDUiHOSODQHVWUDWpJLFRGHOD WLWXODFLyQ TXH VH OOHYy D FDER D ILQ GH KDFHU XQD UHYLVLyQ \ SXHVWD DO GtD GH pVWD HQ SURIXQGLGDG/XHJRVHYHUiFyPRVXVFRQFOXVLRQHVIXHURQYLQFXODQWHVHQODPRGLILFDFLyQGHO SODQGHHVWXGLRV6HH[SRQGUiHOQXHYRSODQVXVSULQFLSDOHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV\VHSURIXQGL]DUi HQ ORV DVSHFWRV PiV UHOHYDQWHV )LQDOPHQWH VH FRPSDUWLUi OD H[SHULHQFLD GH VX LPSOHPHQWDFLyQHQGLIHUHQWHVIDVHV 3ODQHVWUDWpJLFRGHO*$7(GHOD(36(%HQOD83& $ILQGHKDFHUXQDUHYLVLyQHQSURIXQGLGDG\SXHVWDDOGtDGHORVFRQWHQLGRV\PHWRGRORJtDV GRFHQWHVGHO*$7(HQOD(36(%GHOD8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH&DWDOXQ\D83&VHOOHYy DFDERXQSODQHVWUDWpJLFRSRUSDUWHGHXQDFRPLVLyQQRPEUDGD³DGKRF´GHVGHODGLUHFFLyQ GHOFHQWUR\TXHVHSXHGHUHVXPLUHQHOVLJXLHQWHHVTXHPD )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD )LJ(VTXHPDGHODVIDVHVGHO3ODQ(VWUDWpJLFRGHODWLWXODFLyQGHO*UDGRHQ$UTXLWHFWXUD 7pFQLFD\(GLILFDFLyQ*$7( 401
0RGLILFDFLyQGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHOJUDGRHQ$UTXLWHFWXUD7pFQLFD\(GLILFDFLyQGHOD83& &XUULFXOXPPRGLILFDWLRQIRUWKHGHJUHHLQ7HFKQLFDO$UFKLWHFWXUHDQG%XLOGLQJDWWKH83& 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD 3DUWHVLQWHUHVDGDV (Q HO DQiOLVLV HVWUDWpJLFR VH KLFLHURQ UHXQLRQHV VH RUJDQL]DURQ MRUQDGDV \ VH SDVDURQ HQFXHVWDV/DVSDUWHVLQWHUHVDGDVTXHLQWHUYLQLHURQIXHURQ ٱ ,QWHUQDV (VWXGLDQWDGR 3URIHVRUDGR'HSDUWDPHQWRV ٱ ([WHUQDV ([DOXPQRV (PSUHVDV\SURIHVLyQ 2WUDVWLWXODFLRQHVHVSDxRODV\HXURSHDV 'LDJQyVWLFR &RPRUHVXOWDGRGHODQiOLVLVHVWUDWpJLFRVHOOHJyDXQGLDJQyVWLFRSRUFRQFHSWRVRWHPDVD LQWURGXFLUUHIRU]DURPHMRUDUTXHVHUHVXPHHQODVLJXLHQWHWDEODVHJ~QHODQiOLVLVGHODV SDUWHVLQWHUHVDGDV 7DEOD5HVXPHQGHOGLDJQyVWLFRUHDOL]DGRSRUORVGLIHUHQWHVDJHQWHVGHORVWHPDVDPHMRUDU &RQFHSWRV R WHPDV TXH KD\TXHLQWURGXFLUUHIRU]DU RPHMRUDU (VWXGLDQWH V ([DOXPQRV 'HSDUWDPHQWRV 7LWXODFLRQHV HXURSHDV (PSUHVDV SURIHVLyQ 0HWRGRORJtDVGRFHQWHV ; ; ; 3UiFW([W\YLVLWDVGHREUD ; ; ; ; 0RWLYDFLyQSURIHVRUDGR ; ; &RRUGLQDFLyQKRUL]RQWDO ; $VLJQDWXUDVPDOYDORUDGDV ; &RPXQLFDFLyQ ; (VSDFLRVSDUDHVWXGLDQWHV ; 6RIWZDUH±%,0 ; ; ; ; 3ODQGHHVWXGLRV ; &RPSHWHQFLDVJHQpULFDV ; ; ,QJOpVWpFQLFR ; ; (QIRTXHSURIHVLRQDO ; ; 402
,QPDFXODGD5RGUtJXH]&DQWDODSLHGUD\-XDQ5RGUtJXH]-RUGDQD 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD (VWXGLRVJHQHUDOLVWDV ; 3HUILO H[SHUWR HQ SURFHVRV FRQVWUXFWLYRV ; 3HUILO HQ JHVWLyQ HQ OD HGLILFDFLyQ ; ; 3HUILOHQUHKDELOLWDFLyQ ; ; ,QWHJUDFLyQ HQ HTXLSRV PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDULRVGLVHxR ; 3HUILOH[SHUWRHQ VRVWHQLELOLGDG \ HILFLHQFLD HQHUJpWLFD ; ; ; ; 2EMHWLYRV &RPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHHVWHGLDJQyVWLFRVHHVWDEOHFLHURQORVVLJXLHQWHVREMHWLYRV ƒ 1LYHOJUDQGHVHMHV $FWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRVDFDGpPLFRV\ODVPHWRGRORJtDVGRFHQWHV $XPHQWRGHODPRWLYDFLyQGHOHVWXGLDQWDGR $XPHQWRGHODLPSOLFDFLyQGHOSURIHVRUDGR $XPHQWRGHODRFXSDELOLGDGGHOHVWXGLDQWDGRHJUHVDGR $XPHQWRGHOQ~PHURGHHVWXGLDQWHV ƒ 1LYHO ,QWURGXFFLyQGHQXHYDVPHWRGRORJtDVGRFHQWHV $FWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRVGHODVDVLJQDWXUDV $XPHQWRGHSUiFWLFDVH[WHUQDV\YLVLWDVGHREUD ,QWURGXFFLyQGHVRIWZDUHHVSHFtILFR\%,0 'HVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVJHQpULFDV 'HILQLFLyQGHSHUILOGHODWLWXODFLyQ 3ODQGHHVWXGLRV (OPRGHORGH(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRUHQ(VSDxDKDH[SHULPHQWDGRXQFDPELRVXVWDQFLDOTXH DIHFWDWDQWRDODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHORVHVWXGLRVFRPRDORVPpWRGRVDSOLFDGRVSRUORVGRFHQWHV 403
0RGLILFDFLyQGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHOJUDGRHQ$UTXLWHFWXUD7pFQLFD\(GLILFDFLyQGHOD83& &XUULFXOXPPRGLILFDWLRQIRUWKHGHJUHHLQ7HFKQLFDO$UFKLWHFWXUHDQG%XLOGLQJDWWKH83& 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD /DVWpFQLFDVGH$SUHQGL]DMH%DVDGRHQ3UREOHPDV$%3\ODLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULHGDGIRUPDQ SDUWHGHHVDLQWURGXFFLyQGHQXHYDVPHWRGRORJtDVTXHGHIRUPDFUHFLHQWHVHLQFRUSRUDQHQ HOQLYHOXQLYHUVLWDULR$PR HW DO $PRHWDO'H0LJXHO-LPpQH] /DJRV-DUHxR /D SULQFLSDO HVWUDWHJLD SDUD FRQVHJXLU PXFKRV GH ORV REMHWLYRV H[SXHVWRV FRQVLVWLy HQ PRGLILFDUHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV\PRGLILFDUODVPHWRGRORJtDVGRFHQWHV0XFKDVDVLJQDWXUDV GHEtDQFHGHUFUpGLWRVSDUDSHUPLWLUODDSDULFLyQGHQXHYDVDVLJQDWXUDVODPD\RUtDHQIRUPD GHWDOOHU(VWRVWDOOHUHVSUiFWLFRVDOPHQRVXQRSRUFXDWULPHVWUHGHEtDQVHUDVLJQDWXUDVGH VtQWHVLVEDVDGDVHQSUR\HFWRVTXHUHFRJLHUDQORVFRQWHQLGRVGHODVPDWHULDVTXHVHKDEtDQ LPSDUWLGRKDVWDHOPRPHQWRGHVXDSDULFLyQHLPSDUWLGDVSRUXQJUXSRLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULRGH GRFHQWHV (QODVLJXLHQWHWDEODVHFRPSDUDQORVGRVSODQHVGHHVWXGLR\6HUHVDOWDQODV DVLJQDWXUDVTXHFHGHQFUpGLWRVFRORUHDGDVHQDPDULOOR\ODVGHQXHYDFUHDFLyQFRORUHDGDV HQYHUGHFRQHVSHFLDOpQIDVLVHQORVWDOOHUHVFRORUHDGDVHQD]XO(QOHWUDURMDHO7UDEDMR ILQDOGHJUDGRTXHUHGXFHVXVFUpGLWRV 7DEOD&RPSDUDFLyQGHORVSODQHVGHHVWXGLRV&RORUHDGRVHQDPDULOORDTXHOODVDVLJQDWXUDV TXHDSHVDUGHTXHVHPDQWLHQHQFHGHQFUpGLWRVFRORUHDGRVHQYHUGHQXHYDVDVLJQDWXUDV FRORUHDGRVHQD]XOORV7DOOHUHVGHVtQWHVLV 3/ $ 1'((678',26 3/ $ 1 '((678',26 $3ULPHUFXUVR3ULPHU FXDGULPHVWUH 0HFiQLFD 0HFiQLFD ([SUHVLyQJUiILFD, ,QWURGXFFLyQ DOGLEXMR DUTXLWHFWyQLFR &RQVWUXFFLyQ, ,QWURGXFFLyQ DOD&RQVWUXFFLyQ )XQGDPHQWRVPDWHPiWLFRV )XQGDPHQWRVPDWHPiWLFRV )XQGDPHQWRVGH0DWHULDOHV4XtPLFD\ *HRORJtD 7$//(5$SUHQGH U GHODFWUDGLFLRQDO %3ULPHUFXUVR6HJXQGR FXDGULPHVWUH (FRQRPtD 0DWHULDOHVSpWUHRV 6HJX U LGDG\VDOXG $UTXLWHFWXUDFRQVWUXFFLyQ\ FLXGDGHQ ODKLVWRULDGH2FFLGHQWH 0DWHULDOHV, 'LEXMR DUTXLWHFWyQLFR (VWDGtVWLFDDSOLFDGD ,QWURGXFFLyQDODV(VWUXFWXUDV )tVLFD GHOHV,QVWDODFLRQHV\ HILFLHQFLD HQHUJpWLFD 7$//(50RGHOL]DUFRQFHSWRV%,0 $6HJXQGRFXUVR3ULPHU FXDGULPHVWUH 0DWHULDOHV,, &RQVWUXFFLyQGHHVWUXFWXUDV &RQVWUXFFLyQ,, (VWUXFWXUDVGHDFH U R\KR U PLJyQ 404
,QPDFXODGD5RGUtJXH]&DQWDODSLHGUD\-XDQ5RGUtJXH]-RUGDQD 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD (VWUXFWXUDV, 0DWHULDOHVQRSpWUHRV ,QVWDODFLRQHV, *HVWLyQ HPSUHVDULDO ([SUHVLyQJUiILFD,, (VWDGtVWLFDDSOLFDGD 7$//(5GHJHVWLyQ , %6HJXQGRFXUVR6HJXQGR FXDGULPHVWUH /HYDQWDPLHQWRV\ UHSODQWHDPLHQWRV /HYDQWDPLHQWRV\UHSODQWHDPLHQWRVHQODHGLILF $UTXLWHFWXUDFRQVWUXFFLyQ\ FLXGDG &RQVWUXFFLyQ EDMR UDVDQWH &RQVWUXFFLyQ,,, 3UHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRV ODERUDOHV ,QVWDODFLRQHV,, ,QVWDODFLRQHVGHIOXLGRV 'HUHFKR /HJLVODFLyQDSOLFDGDDODHGLILFDFLyQ 7$//(5$QiOLVLVGHO HGLILFLR $7HUFHUFXUVR3ULPHU FXDGULPHVWUH 3UHYHQFLyQ *HVWLyQ XUEDQtVWLFD (VWUXFWXUDV,, &RQVWUXFFLyQGHHQYROYHQWHV\DFDEDGRV ([SUHVLyQJUiILFD,,, 3DWRORJtDGHODHGLILFDFLyQ &RQVWUXFFLyQ,9 ,QVWDODFLRQHVHOHFWURPHFiQLFDV 3HULWDFLRQHV\WDVDFLRQHV 6LVWHPDV (VWUXFWXUDOHV 7$//(53DWRORJtD\ 'LDJQRVLV %7HUFHUFXUVR6HJXQGR FXDGULPHVWUH &DOLGDGHQODHGLILFDFLyQ 7pFQLFDV DYDQ]DGDVGH([SUHVLyQ *UiILFD *HVWLyQXUEDQtVWLFD 3ODQLILFDFLyQ\ RUJDQL]DFLyQGHRE U DV 3UHVXSXHVWRV\FRQWUROGH FRVWHV 3UHVXSXHVWRV\ FRQWUROGHFRVWHV &RQVWUXFFLyQ9 &DOLGDGHQODHGLILFDFLyQ (VWUXFWX U DV,,, 7$//(5GH*HVWLyQ ,, $&XDUWRFXUVR3ULPHU FXDGULPHVWUH &RQVWUXFFLyQ9, &RQVHUYDFLyQ\ 0DQWHQLPLHQWR &RQVWUXFFLyQ9,, 3HULWDFLRQHV\ WDVDFLRQHV 3ODQLILFDFLyQ &RRUGLQDFLyQGHVHJXULGDG\ VDOXG ODERUDO 3UR\HFWRV, 7$//(55HKDELOLWDFLyQ 7$//(53UR\HFWRV %&XDUWRFXUVR6HJXQGR FXDGULPHVWUH 2SWDWLYDV 2SWDWLYDV 3UR\HFWRV,, 7$//(50RGHOR ILQDO 3UR\HFWRILQDOGHJUDGR 3UR\HFWRILQDOGHJUDGR 405
0RGLILFDFLyQGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHOJUDGRHQ$UTXLWHFWXUD7pFQLFD\(GLILFDFLyQGHOD83& &XUULFXOXPPRGLILFDWLRQIRUWKHGHJUHHLQ7HFKQLFDO$UFKLWHFWXUHDQG%XLOGLQJDWWKH83& 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD 0HFiQLFD ([SUHVLyQ JUiILFD , ([SUHVLyQ JUiILFD ,,, /HYDQWDPLHQWRV \ UHSODQWHDPLHQWRV $UTXLWHFWXUDFRQVWUXFFLyQ\FLXGDGHQODKLVWRULDGHRFFLGHQWH &RPRWHFQROyJLFDV 0DWHULDOHV,0DWHULDOHV,,FRQVWUXFFLyQ,FRQVWUXFFLyQ,,,FRQVWUXFFLyQ,9FRQVWUXFFLyQ9 FRQVWUXFFLyQ9,(VWUXFWXUHV,, <GHJHVWLyQ (FRQRPtD 3HULWDFLRQHV \ WDVDFLRQHV &DOLGDG HQ OD HGLILFDFLyQ *HVWLyQ XUEDQtVWLFD 3UHVXSXHVWRV\FRQWUROGHFRVWHV6HJXULGDG\VDOXG3UHYHQFLyQ3ODQLILFDFLyQ (OSUR\HFWRILQGHJUDGRWDPELpQFHGHFUpGLWRV /DVGHQXHYDFUHDFLyQVRQ )XQGDPHQWRVGH0DWHULDOHV4XtPLFD\*HRORJtD\)tVLFDGHODV,QVWDODFLRQHV\(ILFLHQFLD (QHUJpWLFD <ORVWDOOHUHVTXHYHUWHEUDQHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV 7$//(5$SUHQGHUGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQWUDGLFLRQDO 7$//(50RGHOL]DUFRQFHSWRV%,0 7$//(5*HVWLyQ, 7$//(5$QiOLVLVGHOHGLILFLR 7$//(53DWRORJtD\GLDJQRVLV 7$//(5*HVWLyQ,, 7$//(55HKDELOLWDFLyQ 7$//(53UR\HFWRV 7$//(50RGHORILQDO (QHOWDOOHUFRQVLVWHQWHHQHOHVWXGLRGHXQHGLILFLRH[LVWHQWHDODOX]GHORVFRQFHSWRVTXH VHYDQDSUHQGLHQGRHQODDVLJQDWXUDGHLQWURGXFFLyQDODFRQVWUXFFLyQVHSUHWHQGHPRWLYDU\ ILGHOL]DUDOHVWXGLDQWDGRGHQXHYRLQJUHVRTXHHQORVSULPHURVFXDWULPHVWUHVGHEHDWHQGHUD PXFKDV DVLJQDWXUDV GH FDUiFWHU EiVLFR SRU ODV TXH VHJXUDPHQWH QR VLHQWH PXFKD DWUDFFLyQ(QHOWDOOHUVHLQWURGXFHHOVRIWZDUHGHVRSRUWHGHODPHWRGRORJtD%,0TXHGHEHUi HVWDUSUHVHQWHHQODPD\RUtDGHODVDVLJQDWXUDV(OWDOOHUYXHOYHDODQiOLVLVGHXQHGLILFLR GHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDPiVWpFQLFRXWLOL]DQGRORVFRQRFLPLHQWRV\DDGTXLULGRV/RVWDOOHUHV \GHEHQPDUFDUHOSHUILOGHJHVWLyQGHODWLWXODFLyQ(QHOSULPHURVHHVWXGLDODFDGHQDGH YDORU GH XQD HPSUHVD HQ HO iPELWR GH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ PLHQWUDV TXH HQHOVHJXQGR VH LQWURGXFHDOHVWXGLDQWDGRHQHOWHUUHQRGHODJHVWLyQLQPRELOLDULD/RVWDOOHUHV\GHEHQ PDUFDUHOSHUILOGHUHKDELOLWDFLyQHQHGLILFDFLyQ(OWDOOHUUHVXPHODVDVLJQDWXUDVGHRILFLQD WpFQLFD\HOWDOOHUHVXQDUHYiOLGDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVPDWHULDVHVWXGLDGDVHQODWLWXODFLyQ 406
,QPDFXODGD5RGUtJXH]&DQWDODSLHGUD\-XDQ5RGUtJXH]-RUGDQD 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD /DLPSODQWDFLyQ (OQXHYRSODQWXYRTXHVHUUHYHULILFDGR\SDVDUSRUORVILOWURVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV6HUYLFLRGH *HVWLyQ$FDGpPLFDGHOD83&$JqQFLDGHOD4XDOLWDW8QLYHUVLWjULDFDWDODQD\$1(&$3HUR DODKRUDGHSRQHUORHQPDUFKDDSDUHFLHURQJUDYHVSUREOHPDVORJtVWLFRV 8QSODQGHHVWXGLRVQXHYRVHSXHGHLPSODQWDUFXUVRDFXUVRFRQHOHVWXGLDQWDGRGHQXHYR LQJUHVR PLHQWUDV VH YD H[WLQJXLHQGR HO SODQ GH HVWXGLRV ³DQWLJXR´ FRQ HO HVWXGLDQWDGR H[LVWHQWH 6LQ HPEDUJR HO SODQ GH HVWXGLRV TXH SURSRQtDPRV QR VH FRQVLGHUDED FRPR ³QXHYR´SRUTXHWHQtDODVPLVPDVFRPSHWHQFLDVTXH HODQWHULRU6HSRGUtDKDEHUDxDGLGR DOJXQD FRPSHWHQFLD SDUD FRQVHJXLU HO HVWDWXV GH ³QXHYR´ SHUR HOOR DODUJDED FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHORVSOD]RVDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVSDUDVXUHYHULILFDFLyQ3RUORWDQWRVHWUDWDED GHXQSODQGHHVWXGLRVQR³QXHYR´VLQR³PRGLILFDGR´FRQORTXHODLPSODQWDFLyQGHEtDVHUHQ EORTXH\SDUDWRGRHOHVWXGLDQWDGRGHODWLWXODFLyQ &RPR\DVHKDFRPHQWDGRODPRGLILFDFLyQVHEDVDEDHQODFHVLyQGHFUpGLWRVGHPXFKDV DVLJQDWXUDVSDUDODDSDULFLyQGHRWUDVQXHYDVTXHGHEtDQGDUUHVSXHVWDDORVREMHWLYRVGHO SODQHVWUDWpJLFR(OORFRQOOHYDEDTXHODPD\RUtDGHOHVWXGLDQWDGRGHODWLWXODFLyQSHUGLHUD FUpGLWRV HQ OD DGDSWDFLyQ 6H KL]R XQD WDEOD GH HTXLYDOHQFLDV SHQVDGD SDUD HYLWDU HVWD VLWXDFLyQSHURHOORUHTXHUtDXQDPDWULFXODFLyQHVSHFLDOSDUDFDGDVLWXDFLyQ $ SDUWLU GH ODV VHVLRQHV LQIRUPDWLYDV TXH VH RUJDQL]DURQ FRQ SURIHVRUDGR SHUVRQDO GH DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ \ HVWXGLDQWDGR HVWH ~OWLPR FROHFWLYR VH VLQWLy JUDYHPHQWH SHUMXGLFDGR \ RUJDQL]yDFFLRQHVGHSURWHVWD\SUHVLyQSDUDHYLWDUODLPSODQWDFLyQGHOQXHYRSODQ7RGRVORV HVIXHU]RVGHGLFDGRVDODPHMRUDGHXQDWLWXODFLyQVHLQWHUSUHWDEDQSRUSDUWHGHOFROHFWLYRDO TXHHVWDEDGLULJLGDODPHMRUDFRPRXQPpWRGRSDUDUHFDXGDUGLQHURDOKDFHUOHVSDJDUPiV SRUORVFUpGLWRVTXHSHUGtDQHQODDGDSWDFLyQ 'HELGRDODVLWXDFLyQGHFULVLVHQODTXHQRVHQFRQWUiEDPRVHOYLFHUUHFWRUDGR\HOVHUYLFLR GHJHVWLyQDFDGpPLFDGHOD83&QRVSHUPLWLyKDFHUXQDLPSODQWDFLyQHQGRVIDVHVGHPRGR TXH DO GDU PiV RSRUWXQLGDGHV GH PDWUtFXOD PHGLDQWH HO XVR LQWHOLJHQWH GH OD WDEOD GH DGDSWDFLRQHVVHSXGLHUDHYLWDUODSpUGLGDGHFUpGLWRVHQHOQXHYRSODQPRGLILFDGR6HDFWLYy HOVLVWHPDGHWXWRUtDV\VHGLVHxyXQVLPXODGRUTXHVHSXVRDGLVSRVLFLyQHQODZHEGHOFHQWUR SDUDLQFHQWLYDUODVPDWUtFXODVGHPRGRTXHVHHYLWDUDODSpUGLGDGHFUpGLWRV $SHVDUGHWRGRHOORFXDQGRVHDJRWyHOSHUtRGRWUDQVLWRULR\WRGRHOHVWXGLDQWDGRVHWXYR TXHDGDSWDUGHILQLWLYDPHQWHHQPXFKRVFDVRVQRVHKDEtDQDWHQGLGRODVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHV \HOHVWXGLDQWDGRTXHHVWDEDDIHFWDGRSRUODSpUGLGDGHFUpGLWRVYROYLyDRUJDQL]DUVH\D UHFODPDUXQDVROXFLyQHQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVGHFDUiFWHUHFRQyPLFR/DVROXFLyQDOD VLWXDFLyQH[WUHPDGDPHQWHFRPSOLFDGD\WHQVDTXHVHKDEtDJHQHUDGRYLQRDWUDYpVGHOD RSFLyQGHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHFUpGLWRVRSWDWLYRVTXHVLELHQQRFRQWHQWDEDDWRGRHOPXQGR Vt TXH IXH DFHSWDGD SRU OD PD\RUtD 7DPELpQ KD\ TXH WHQHU HQ FXHQWDTXHWRGRVHVWRV SURFHGLPLHQWRVVHSXGLHURQOOHYDUDFDERJUDFLDVDODDEQHJDFLyQGHSDUWHGHOSHUVRQDOGH DGPLQLVWUDFLyQTXHWXYRTXHUHYLVDUORVFDVRVXQRDXQRFRQWHVWDUXQDOXYLyQGHLQVWDQFLDV \DWHQGHUXQVLQItQGHTXHMDVQRWRGDVFRQEXHQRVPRGRVHQODYHQWDQLOOD 407
0RGLILFDFLyQGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHOJUDGRHQ$UTXLWHFWXUD7pFQLFD\(GLILFDFLyQGHOD83& &XUULFXOXPPRGLILFDWLRQIRUWKHGHJUHHLQ7HFKQLFDO$UFKLWHFWXUHDQG%XLOGLQJDWWKH83& 8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD 7RGRHVWRORH[SOLFDPRVSDUDOODPDUODDWHQFLyQVREUHODULJLGH]GHOVLVWHPDXQLYHUVLWDULRFRQ OD TXH WHQHPRV TXH WUDEDMDU 6L ODV DFFLRQHV GH PHMRUD VH WUDGXFHQ SRU SUREOHPDV DGPLQLVWUDWLYRVHQVLWXDFLRQHVGHFULVLVTXHVRQLQWHUSUHWDGDVFRPRSHUMXLFLRSDUDHOFROHFWLYR GHVWLQDWDULRGHODPHMRUDVHDFDEDUiRSWDQGRSRUHOLQPRYLOLVPR &RQFOXVLRQHV 7UDQVFXUULGRVDxRVHQODLPSODQWDFLyQGHORVSODQHVGHHVWXGLRVEDVDGRVHQHOPRGHORGH (GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU(XURSHDHVWRVSUHFLVDQFRPRSRFRPRGLILFDFLRQHVGHDMXVWHVDODV QXHYDV VLWXDFLRQHV VRFLDOHV GH FDPELRV GH SDUDGLJPDV GH FDPELRV PHWRGROyJLFRV GH DSUHQGL]DMH(VXQHMHUFLFLRKLJLpQLFRHOLUUHDOL]DQGRPHMRUDV\UHGLUHFFLRQDPLHQWRVHQORV SODQHVGHHVWXGLRVDSHVDUGHTXHODLQHUFLDGHOVLVWHPDHQWRUSHFHODFRUUHFWDDGHFXDFLyQ (OVLJXLHQWHSXQWRDDQDOL]DUHVKDFHUXQEXHQVHJXLPLHQWRGHODSXHVWDHQPDUFKDPHGLDQWH HQFXHVWDVDORVGRFHQWHVHVWXGLDQWDGR\VRFLHGDGSDUDFRPSUREDUTXHVHKDQREWHQLGRORV UHVXOWDGRVFRUUHFWRV\HVSHUDGRV 5HIHUHQFLDV $02(&Ï5&2/(6&3$5'207(-$'$$,PSODQWDFLyQGH&XUVR3LORWRHQ(&76HQ 3ULPHUR GH (FRQRPtD \ GH $'( (Q & 9L]FDUUR - 5 &DUULOOR \ - - 6REULQR FRRUG ([SHULHQFLDVGH,QQRYDFLyQGRFHQWHHQOD8&/0(GLFLRQHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH&DVWLOOD/D 0DQFKD,6%1 $02(-$5(f2)/$*26072%$55$0³/DVQXHYDVPHWRGRORJtDVGRFHQWHV\VX UHSHUFXVLyQ HQ ORV SODQHV GH HVWXGLR´ HQ,QQRYDU 5HYLVWD 'H &LHQFLDV $GPLQLVWUDWLYDV < 6RFLDOHVYROLVVXHS'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWSZZZMVWRURUJVWDEOH! >&RQVXOWD0D\RGH@ '( 0,*8(/ 0 0RGDOLGDGHV GH HQVHxDQ]D FHQWUDGDV HQ HO GHVDUUROOR GH FRPSHWHQFLDV 2ULHQWDFLRQHVSDUDSURPRYHUHOFDPELRPHWRGROyJLFRHQHO(VSDFLR(XURSHRGH(GXFDFLyQ 6XSHULRU0LQLVWHULR GH (GXFDFLyQ \ 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 2YLHGR 'LVSRQLEOH HQKWWSVZZZXOSJFHVKHJHDOPDFHQGRZQORDGPRGDOLGDGHVBHQVHQDQ]DB FRPSHWHQFLDVBPDULRBPLJXHOBGRFXPHQWRSGI!>&RQVXOWDGHDEULOGH@ -,0e1(=--/$*260&-$5(f2)8QDH[SHULHQFLDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUGH$SUHQGL]DMH %DVDGRHQ3UREOHPDVFRQHVWXGLDQWHVGH$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ\'LUHFFLyQGH(PSUHVDV/LEURGH 5HV~PHQHV GHO 9,,, )RUR VREUH OD (YDOXDFLyQ GH OD &DOLGDG GH OD ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ \ GH OD (GXFDFLyQ 6XSHULRU *UDQDGD $(3& 'LVSRQLEOH HQ KWWSZZZXJUHVaDHSF9,,,)252'RFXPHQWRV/LEURVOLEURUHVXPHQHVYLLLIRUR3')!>&RQVXOWD GHMXQLRGH@ 408