Construction design of the multistorey dwelling-house at Rygos str. 11 in Vilnius

VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITETY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Alumn: Vicente, Carrion Medrano Supervisor: Jonas Saparauskas Language - English Construction design of the multistorey dwelling-house at Rygos str. 11 in Vilnius Daugiabučio gyvenamojo namo Rygos g. 11 Vilniuje statybos projektavimas FINAL THESIS WORK Vilnius, 2011 ANNOTATION The subject of this final work is “Construction design of the multistorey dwelling-house at Rygos str. 11 in Vilnius“ This final work consists of three parts: 1. The architectural part consists of a short description of the building under design and drawings, which shows facades, one vertical section, two horizontal sections, and one situation map of the building. 2. The part of structural design describes the design of the key footing foundation supporting the squared columns. The calculations are made in two ways, by computer and by hand. 3. Technological part. It consists about two different technological cards: -Laminate flooring installation in the third floor. -Gypsum plasterboards partitions in the third floor 4. Organization part. Schedules of all works, workers and machinery. The final thesis work consists of: -The explanatory handwritting: 70 A4pages -The graphical part: 7 A1 drawings 1 VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT APPROVED Head of Department: Edmundas K. Zavadskas Vicente Carrión Medrano Construction design of the multistorey dwelling-house at Rygos str. 11 in Vilnius Daugiabučio gyvenamojo namo Rygos g. 11 Vilniuje statybos projektavimas Final thesis work Supervisor: Dr. Jonas Saparauskas Consultant: Dr. Remigijus Salna Vilnius, 2011 2 1. ARCHITECTURAL PART ................................................................................... 5 1.1 DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY ............................................................................... 5 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 5 1.1.2 LOCATION ................................................................................................. 5 1.1.3 FIELD .......................................................................................................... 7 1.1.4 DISTRIBUTION FLOORS ......................................................................... 7 1.2. CONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY .......................................................................... 8 1.2.1 FOUNDATION ........................................................................................... 8 1.2.2 COLUMNS .................................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 WALLS ....................................................................................................... 9 1.2.4 SLABS ....................................................................................................... 10 1.2.5 INTERNAL WALLS AND PARTITIONS .............................................. 12 1.2.6 STAIRS ..................................................................................................... 12 1.2.7 FACADE ................................................................................................... 12 1.2.8 HOME DECORATION ............................................................................ 12 1.2.9 INSTALLATIONS .................................................................................... 12 1.2.10 FIRE SAFETY .......................................................................................... 13 1.2.11 HEALTH CONDITIONS .......................................................................... 13 1.2.12 ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 13 1.2.13 DISABILITY NEEDS ............................................................................... 13 1.2.14 LIFT AND MACHINERY ........................................................................ 13 2. CONSTRUCTIONAL PART .............................................................................. 14 2.1 DESIGN OF FOOTING FOUNDATION ....................................................... 16 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 16 2.1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MATERIALS ......................................... 17 2.2 TESTS .............................................................................................................. 18 2.2.1 SLIP CHECKOUT ........................................................................................ 18 2.2.2 SPILLING CHECKOUT .......................................................................... 18 2.2.3 SINKING CHECKOUT ........................................................................... 19 2.3 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF THE FOOTING ................................ 21 2.3.1 FLEX CALCULATION ........................................................................... 21 2.3.2 MINIMUM MECHANICAL CLAIMS (ARTICLE 42.3.2 EHE-08) ...... 25 2.3.3 GEOMETRIC MINIMUM AMOUNT (RULE 42.3.5 EHE-08) ............. 26 2.3.4 SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 26 3. TECHNOLOGICAL CARDS ............................................................................. 28 3.1 TECHNOLOGICAL CARD OF LAMINATE FLOORING INSTALATION FOR THIRD FLOOR ................................................................................................. 28 3 3.1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................... 28 3.1.2 DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY AND SEQUENCE OF WORKS . 28 3.1.3 INSTALLATION SEQUENCE. FROM 1 TO 12.................................... 30 3.1.4 HUMAN SAFETY ................................................................................... 32 3.1.5 MATERIAL – TECHNICAL RESOURCES ........................................... 32 3.1.6 QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................ 32 3.1.7 SOME DETAILS ..................................................................................... 35 3.1.8 REPRESENTATION OF THE LAMINATE FLOORING INSTALATION 3D SKETCHUP 8.0 DETAILS. ................................................. 37 3.1.9 CALCULATION OF QUANTITY OF WORKS AND PRICE .............. 38 3.1.10 TECHNICAL - ECONOMIC INDICATORS .......................................... 38 3.2 PLASTER BOARDS PARTITIONS – TECHNOLOGICAL CARD ............... 39 3.2.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................... 39 3.2.2 DESCRIPTION AND CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE ......................... 39 3.2.3 INSTALLATION SEQUENCE. FROM 1 TO 12.................................... 41 3.2.4 HUMAN SAFETY ................................................................................... 43 3.2.5 MATERIAL – TECHNICAL RESOURCES ........................................... 43 3.2.6 QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................ 44 3.2.7 SOME DETAILS ..................................................................................... 47 3.2.8 REPRESENTATION OF THE PLASTERBOARDS INSTALATION 3D SKETCHUP 8.0 DETAILS. ................................................................................... 50 3.2.9 CALCULATION OF QUANTITY OF WORKS AND PRICE .............. 51 3.2.10 TECHNICAL - ECONOMIC INDICATORS .......................................... 51 4. ORGANIZATION PART .................................................................................... 52 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF TERRITORY .................................................................. 52 4.1.1 SELECTION OF TOWER CRANE ........................................................ 52 4.1.2 SETTING OF DANGEROUS ZONE ...................................................... 57 4.1.3 TEMPORARY ROADS TO THE BUILDING PLACE ........................................ 62 4.1.4 TEMPORARY STORAGE BUILDINGS AND SITES .......................... 62 4.1.5 TEMPORARY BUILDINGS FOR WORKERS AND MANAGING ..... 63 4.1.6 TEMPORARY ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ............................................... 63 4.1.7 CONSTRUCTION SITE LIGHTNING ................................................... 64 4.1.8 TEMPORARY WATER SUPPLY .......................................................... 65 4.1.9 TEMPORARY SEWERAGE ................................................................... 66 4.1.10 TEMPORARY ROADS ........................................................................... 66 4.1.11 FENCE OF CONSTRUCTION SITE ...................................................... 66 4.1.12 TEMPORARY COMUNICATION .......................................................... 67 4 4.1.13 GENERAL REQUERIMENTS OF LABOR SAFETY ............................ 67 4.1.14 REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ................. 69 4.1.15 REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE PROTECTION ............................................ 69 4.2.2 WORKFORCE ........................................................................................... 70 4.2.3 MACHINERY ............................................................................................ 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 71 5 1. ARCHITECTURAL PART 1.1 DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION This final thesis work will consist in the construction of a multi-storey dwelling building in Vilnius (Lithuania), in Rygos street 11a. It will be an unusual building, due to it will be three different blocks with five, seven and nine floors respectively, which are going to be connected at the same time in the second and third floor. The users will be able to choose between dwelling with two, three, four and five rooms. This project building will be done with Spanish standards. First and second floor will contain commercial premises, for different kind of business From second, to ninth floor, three nucleus of stairs and three elevators give service to two, three, four and five apartments. Surfaces: - Building area: 2004, 32 - Plot: 7490 1.1.2 LOCATION The future building is located in Rygos Street, number 11a , in the city of Vilnius (Lithuania). Aerial view ( figure 1), and two different pictures are shown (figure 2, figure 3). This situation, in far from the city centre. Figure 1. Aerial view of construction site 6 Figure 2 and figure 3. Current status of the site 7 1.1.3 FIELD Our building area is 2004,32 , forming an irregular polygon, there are some constructions near our building, in the south facade is the Rygos Street, as we can see in our location plan. This street will be the main access for all the machinery, and when the construction finishes, will be the access for private cars. We will be able to reach also the future building from a small street behind of the construction, without any name yet. 1.1.4 DISTRIBUTION FLOORS First of all, should be said, that the future building will have a really special shape and it will be very original. The first floor consists in seven salons and four flats, three stairs and three elevators, one for each different block. Each block will have of course its own access. The shape of this floor will not be repeated once more. At second level there are two salons and nine flats, as in the ground floor, is the only one floor with this shape. In this floor we can also see how first and third block are joined, letting these two blocks to increase their surfaces. From third to fifth floor, we are not going to find differences, will be inside twelve different flats. Sixth and seventh floor will be identical, like eighth and ninth. Will be inside eight different flats. This is due to the different blocks height that was said before. Will be inside four different flats. Below could be seen the third floor section in the figure 4. Figure 4. Third floor section 14 2. CONSTRUCTIONAL PART In this part, will be defined the foundation system, it will consist in footing foundation with tie beams and it will be like in figure 10, figure 11, figure 12 and figure 13. The computer calculations where made with CYPECAD program. Figure 10. Isometric view of footing foundation design in the fifth floor block Figure 11. Aerial view of footing foundation in the fifth floor block 15 Figure 12. Isometric view of fifth floor block Figure 13. Front view of fifth floor block 16 2.1 DESIGN OF FOOTING FOUNDATION 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION Will be studied the footing foundation of column P15 (35x35 cm), with dimensions of 230x230x70 cm.( figure 15) The tests that are going to be performed are: -Slip. Will be verified that the footing doesn´t slip due to the action of horizontal loads. -Spill. -Sinking. Will be verified that the land are not exhausted by the stresses transmitted by the foundation. These three tests allow us to ensure that the size of the shoe is right for the acting loads. Below will be done the footings structural calculations, setting the iron, and verifying that all the requirements established by the concrete standards EHE-08. The loads acting on the footing are obtained from the corresponding plane (figure 14). Figure 14. Loads acting in P15 footing Figure 15. Dimensions of P15 footing These loads are expressed en KN and meters. 17 As the most unfavorable combination should be adopted: Permanent load + use overload + wind + Y exv.-. To simplify the development and because it is not really important, we will not take into account all the efforts along the X axis, and we will just use the next: This fact makes that tests which are going to be made, will not match exactly with the computer results, which have been obtained by considering the bending along the axis x, being the differences very small. 2.1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MATERIALS CONCRETE: Concrete type HA-25 Characteristic resistance fck= 25 MPa Deduction coefficient of concrete: Specific weight of reinforced concrete γH= 2.5 T/m3=24.5 KN/m3 Coating d´= 5 cm The weight of the footing W, is: Being: b: footing base lengh a: footing base width h: footing height γH: specific weight of reinforced concrete Axil 1289.06 Mx 3.04 My 21.11 Qx 8.86 Qy 63.52 N 1289.06 My=M 21.11 Qy=Q 63.52 18 IRON Type of iron in the armors B500S Characteristic resistance of iron fyk= 500 MPa Deduction coefficient of the iron: LAND Allowable stress in the field: σt= 3 kg/cm2= 0,294MPa Angle of internal friction: ø=25º 2.2 TESTS 2.2.1 SLIP CHECKOUT Must be complied: QNW )·( , friction coefficient ground-concrete Adopting: = tg (2/3 ø)=tg (2/3 25)=0.3 Being ø the angle of internal friction of the land (25º) KN 1379.781289.0672.90)( NW )52.63(08.413)·(QNW SATISFIES This test could have been overlooked because the footings are joined with tie beams. 2.2.2 SPILLING CHECKOUT Let us now compare the stabilizing moments with spilling moments.(figure 16) The spill will be in relation to A point. Me= Stabilizer Moment Mv= Spilling Moment γv= Tipping safety coefficient According to the CTE (Technical building code) , the safety factor should be equal or higher than 2. Me= (W+N)·a/2= 1379.78 · 1.15=1586.74 KN·m Mv= M+Q·h=21.11+63.52·0.70=65.574 KN·m 19 SATISFIES Figure 16. Spilling checkout 2.2.3 SINKING CHECKOUT In this section we will see that the stresses transmitted by the foundation to the field are less than acceptable. In case of non-uniform distribution, it is recognized that at the point of maximum tension exceeds in 25%, if the midpoint is less than the permissible (in our case 30 T/m2 o 0.294 MPa). We estimate the eccentricity e in the base of the footing. e= M´/N´ If e≥a/6, the stress distribution below the footing will be triangles. If e<a/6, the stress distribution below the footing trapezoidal M´, resultant moment at the base of the footing N´, axially resulting in the base of the footing M´= M+Q·h= 21,.1 + 63.52·0,7= 65.574 KN·m N´= (W+N) = 1379.78 KN (figure 17) 20 Figure 17. Trapezoidal distribution Tensions those obtained by Navier's law: Where: N´, the total axial base A, core area of the footing M´, resulting in the base moment w, modulus of the base of the zapata N´=1379.78 KN M´= 65.574 KN·m A= a x b = 2.3·2.3=5.29 m2 Therefore the dimensions of the footing are valid. 21 2.3 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF THE FOOTING The computation is performed by the Spanish standard EHE-08 (Structural Concrete). CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOOTING (ART 58.2): (figure 18) Figure 18. Footing calculation 2.3.1 FLEX CALCULATION The reference sections according to EHE-08 are located inside face of the column, at a distance of 0.15 . a1, being a1 the width of the column as shown in the figure 19: Figure 19. Flex calculation The reference sections in our case are shown in Figure Although we have 4 sections of reference, in this case due to the squared footing and for having a trapezoidal pressure distribution is enough to study the S1 section, featuring the identical iron in the perpendicular direction. Moreover, as we will see later, the armed is not made because of the moment, is made 22 for geometric level, so in the section S3 and S4, because is a lower moment than the S1, it would be armed also because of the condition of minimum geometric size. We will calculate M1 bending moment distribution originating trapezoidal in section S1(figure 20), and subtract the bending moment due to the weight of the footing M2. (figure 21) Figure 20. Reference sections On the geometric relationships of pressure on the trapeze, you can get the value of σa. To determine the M1 moment that incurred in the trapezoidal distribution in the reference section, is decomposed in a rectangular and triangular, which give rise respectively M1R and M1T. M1= M1R + M1T 23 Figure 21.M1 and M2 Figure 22. Figure 22.M1R Figure 23. At this point M1 (positive), which causes traction on the underside of the footing, should be subtracted the bending moment M2 which causes the weight of the footing respect to the reference section S1. Figure 23. M1T The distributed load due to self weight qp (figure 24): Figure 24. M2 calculate This moment is negative, That is to say that produce traction on the upper surface of the footing. The total time in the reference section would be: 30 3.1.3 INSTALLATION SEQUENCE. FROM 1 TO 12 The works sequence will be as sown bellow (figure 27), beginning from one to twelve. The accesses will be in each block stairs obviously. Figure 27. Installation sequence of the laminate flooring 31 ORGANIZATION OF WORKS 32 3.1.4 HUMAN SAFETY Although the works cannot be considered dangerous, the work will be carried out in accordance with health and safety rules in construction request. 1. Workers are allowed to work only with the knowledge of safety equipment. 2. Each worker must use protective equipment (special clothing, footwear, gloves and respirators). 3. For mixtures, workers should wear gloves and goggles. 4. Collection of unnecessary materials and debris from the workplace. 5. Electrical equipment should be grounded. 6. All electrical devices must be absolutely clean. 7. All cables must be in perfect condition. 3.1.5 MATERIAL – TECHNICAL RESOURCES Num NAME UNITS QUANTITY 1 Machines 1.1 Chainsaw wood Unit 1 2 Materials 2.1 Polyethylene Film m2 706,57 2.2 Natural hardwood tables varnished m2 706,57 2.3 Skirting m 623,11 2.4 Adhesive L 1 2.5 Adhesive tape m 350 3 Tools 3.1 Hammer Unit 1 3.2 Level Unit 1 3.1.6 QUALITY CONTROL 1. Control of material Should be checked before and during installation each piece of the laminate flooring if they would have any damage. You cannot use pieces that look at flaws or damaged. The installation should be done only in daylight or with adequate lighting, because they may not be able to recognize damaged or defective pieces. 33 2. To acclimate the Laminate flooring before installation The laminated parquet pieces must stay a minimum of 48 hours at a temperature above 17 ° C and a humidity of 50-65% in the room where will be installed. The unopened packages must be adapted to the climatic conditions of the room. In the case of very large differences between the point of storage and room to install you have to prolong this period of acclimation. 3. The ground state All subfloors must be leveled (maximum difference 3 mm by 1 m long), dry and solid enough. The large slopes must be equaled with a special product called “leveler paste”. Basement areas should not have or cracks or breaks. Particles or basements that are not completely glued (PVC flooring or carpet) must be removed. 4. Steam barrier for minerals subsurface In dry and minerals soils is very important to install a polyethylene sheet with a thickness of 0.2 mm to prevent remaining moisture from reaching the back of the planks of laminate. The polyethylene sheet acts as a brake. 5. Expansion joints The laminate flooring substrate is made of a material based on wood particles, such as natural wood also expands according to weather conditions. It is therefore important to maintain a corresponding distance (called "expansion joint") to all walls and all fixed objects in the room. You have to keep expansion joints when you have a facility that exceeds the previously defined measures. An expansion joint is too small is the most common mistake on the premises. Often is not noticed until the summer because during those months laminate flooring expands automatically because of the high humidity and temperature. Keep an expansion gap of at least 8mm *. In larger areas, this board has to be higher. Generally one can say that: per meter of pavement is needed at least 1.5mm of expansion joint on both sides of the room. (An example: A room with 5m wide = at least 8mm expansion joint on each side of the room). Note: min. 15mm with a relative humidity> 65%. Although the material installed only is in contact with a wall or fixed object can occur if the floating floor to bulge. Weaknesses are the doorways, the connection points to the stairs, the heating pipes and profiles of closure. Heavy objects such as kitchen units or cupboards (the pavement at these points can move only sideways) require that on the opposite side of the room has an expansion 34 joint twice as wide. We recommend mounting heavy objects prior to installation. Then install laminate flooring, just to get to the furniture. This allows you to recover the ground at any time and easily. Expansion joints are plugged into wall sockets / baseboards and other locations with special profiles. 6. Position of expansion joints Since laminate flooring expands depending on weather conditions, it will need in the following cases expansion joints min. 8mm: -large areas (greater than 8 x 12m). -areas with many angles. -continued from one installation to the next room. These expansion joints are covered with appropriate transition profiles. Note: Damages arising from failure to stop expansion joints will always by the installer. 7. The optical setup You can do an installation of laminate planks set both regular and irregular one. Make sure the gap bevel heads fit the minimum is 30 cm. 8. The direction of the facility / level of stay For optical reasons, we recommend installing the longitudinal part of the blade transverse to the length of the room. Stay this way optically appear more square, larger and not close in a "tube". This is not a general rule, since we must also take into account the natural light sources (windows, etc..), it is advisable to steer the direction of the blades at right angles (to the line of the window) because to the positioning of the front and a few feet away unless unions see pieces and obtain a greater sense of space, just as in the rectangular environment, install the pavement parallel to the longest side of the room, gives us a sense in length. That said, it is up to the customer and their interests as the disposition of these parameters. Note that the sense of pieces (in the laminate flooring) should not affect the durability of them. 35 3.1.7 SOME DETAILS Bellow will be shown some details, for a better understanding. In figure 28 is shown how is the click system for joining the pieces. Figure 28. Click system Figure shows when the laminate flooring finds the wall. We should leave a small space (more or less 1cm) because the laminate flooring usually expands some millimeter. Figure 29. Pavement finding the wall 36 The most important thing is that, all the pavements are going to meet should be in the same level (figure 30), a good way to do is give more or less thick to the layer of semidry cement. Figure 30. Meeting of two different pavements 37 3.1.8 REPRESENTATION OF THE LAMINATE FLOORING INSTALATION 3D SKETCHUP 8.0 DETAILS. For the realization of the works, we are just going to need two workers, one officer and one regular worker (Figure 31). Figure 32 shows once more the click system. Figure 31. Laminate flooring installation Figure 32. Detailed click system 38 3.1.9 CALCULATION OF QUANTITY OF WORKS AND PRICE Codec Nat Ud Summary CanPres PrPres ImpPres 02 CHAPTER PAVIMENTS 1 77.164,51 77.164,51 E11RMF020 Partida m2 OAK FLOATING STAGE 14mm. Floating Floor 1830x129x14 mm pallet., oak, extra class (s / UNE 56809-1:1974), dovetailed on all four sides with two coats of UV drying and two coats of polyurethane varnish finish, set with clips every 70 cm., polyethylene sheet placed over 2 mm cell. with film thickness of 0.2 mm polyethylene. incorporated anti-vapor barrier, placed on screed floor, not including this one, i / pp scrapbooks and skirting of the same material. 706,57 109,21 77.164,51 O01OB150 Workers h. Official 1st carpenter 0,300 18,12 5,44 O01OA070 Workers h. Regular worker 0,300 15,35 4,61 P08MT143 Material m2 Solid oak flooring 1830x129x14 mm. 1,050 84,98 89,23 P08MR180 Material m. Solid oak skirting 1,150 3,76 4,32 P08MA100 Material m2 Clips system 1,000 2,37 2,37 P08SW065 Material m2 Polyethylene 2mm. sheet Defogger 1,050 3,09 3,24 706,57 109,21 77.164,51 TOTAL (€) 1 77.164,51 77.164,51 Total costs for one floor: 77.164,51 Euros or 266.430 Litas. CHECKING ALL THE SURFACES: 1º 18.59 + 12.84 + 1.74 = 33.17 2º 40.70 + 13.44 + 12.34 + 7.99 = 74.47 3º 29.66 + 15.39 + 11.33 + 1.15 = 58.53 4º 46.68 +13.81 + 23.71 = 83.2 5º 19.92 + 11.66 + 6.51 = 38.09 6º 29.96 + 16.33 + 16.33 + 3.82 = 66.44 7º 23.16 + 19.27 + 12.59 + 3.62 = 59.64 8º 34.48 + 12.25 + 11.33 = 58.06 9º 31.92 + 14.10 + 13.88 + 3.77 = 63.67 10º 24.63 + 14.52 + 12.56 + 7.94 = 60.65 11º 25.12 + 13.03 + 10.27 + 5.91 = 54.33 12º 25.10 + 13.25 + 10.27 + 5.91 = 54.53 TOTAL: 33.17 + 74.47 + 58.53 + 84.2 + 38.09 + 66.44 + 59.64 + 58.06 + 63.67 + 60.65 + 54.33 + 54.53 = 706.57 3.1.10 TECHNICAL - ECONOMIC INDICATORS 1. Quantity of works: 706.57 2. Installation costs: 77.164,51 € or 266.430 Litas 3. Duration of works: 50 days / 9 floors = 5.55 days 4. Wage: Official: 22.2h x 18.12€ = 402.264 € or 1387.8 Litas Regular worker: 22.2h x 15.35€ = 340.77 € or 1278 Litas 39 3.2 PLASTER BOARDS PARTITIONS – TECHNOLOGICAL CARD 3.2.1 GENERAL This card technological consist of the construction of interior partitions between houses with gypsum boards on the third floor of our building. Will be used this kind of surface in all the 72 flats. It was chosen this type of material for the realization of partitions for its quick and easy installation, in addition to its ease of hosting facilities. Will be used this material in our building for separating rooms, except wet areas , because this material could have some problems with humid. Gypsum boards partitions will be made before the laminate flooring pavement. To separate wet areas of other rooms, should be used other materials, hollow bricks (7cm). Could be used plaster boards moisture resistant, but will not be reasonable to spend a lot of money because the prize of this material is very expensive. 3.2.2 DESCRIPTION AND CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE The basic components of our walls are metal studs and gypsum boards. These boards will have the following dimensions: -Width: 600 to 1200 mm -Height: from 2400 to 3000 mm -Thickness: 6.5 to 23 mm The ones we choose are: 1200mm wide, 2400mm high (will be conditioned by the height of the housing) and 15mm thickness. There is the option of introducing soundproofing in the partition, in order to provide more soundproofing. Will be used the trademark "KNAUF" for their reliability and warranty. Below, are described the works, bearing in mind that should begin when the support surface is completely clean. Construction sequence: 1. Stake in the ground with Tracer. 2. Placement of beams and uprights. 3. Placement of the door frame. 4. Installation of gypsum boards. 46 BASIC RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ACOUSTIC CONDITIONS IN BUILDINGS NBE – CA88 (Basic Construction Standards – CA88) VERTICAL CONSTRUCTIVE ELEMENTS MINIMUM AIR NOISE ISOLATION R IN dB (A) INTERNAL PARTITIONS (vertical building elements, excluding doors) -Local-separator elements belonging to the same property, or user in residential buildings. -Elements separators local residential buildings or public health. BETWEEN SAMEAREA OF USES ≤ 30 BETWEEN DIFFERENT - AREA OF USES ≤ 35 SEPARATING WALL OF PROPERTY OR OTHER USERS -Dividing walls between properties and different users, in-use buildings private residential and office or administrative. -Room-dividers for different users in buildings residential use and public health. -walls separating buildings from classroom teaching purposes. ≤ 45 SPACER WALL OF INTERNAL AREAS -walls that separate the home or office space and office of building's common areas such as stairwells, hallways or corridors access, and local community service. -walls separating the rooms of the building's common areas, similar to those mentioned above, in residential buildings and public health -walls separating the classrooms of the building's common areas, similar to those mentioned above, teachers use buildings. ≤ 45 COMPARTIMENTALIZACION OF HOUSING ROOM COMMUNITY TEAMS (For the NBE-CA/88, community teams are defined as those susceptible to noise or vibration in normal use scheme, which part of the hydraulic systems, ventilation, air conditioning, transportation and electricity. ≤ 55 47 3.2.7 SOME DETAILS Bellow (figure 36) is shown a 3D door detail, when are used plasterboard partitions. Figure 36. Door assembly 48 Some other details are shown bellow. A horizontal section (figure 37), a union with door (figure 38), union with walls and other plasterboards partitions (figure 39) and a corner (figure 40). Figure 37. Horizontal section Figure 38. Union with door 49 Figure 39. Union with walls and other plasterboards partitions Figure 40. Corner 50 3.2.8 REPRESENTATION OF THE PLASTERBOARDS INSTALATION 3D SKETCHUP 8.0 DETAILS. For the realization of the works, we are just going to need one worker, one regular worker (figure 41). Figure 42 shows a different view. Figure 41. Plasterboards installation. One worker Figure 42. Detailed aerial view 51 3.2.9 CALCULATION OF QUANTITY OF WORKS AND PRICE Codec Nat Ud Summary CanPres PrPres ImpPres 01 Chapter WALLS AND PARTITIONS 1 9.017,80 9.017,80 D10DA206 Partida m2 PARTITION KNAUF 78/400 (15+48+15) 281,02 32,09 9.017,80 M2. 111 W Knauf partition formed by a plate of 15 mm Knauf Standard. thick, bolted to a each side of a galvanized metal frame of horizontal and vertical channels of 48x30 and 0.6 mm. thick, with a modulation of 400 mm. e / e, even p.p. paste and tape to joints, screws, fasteners, acoustic band under the perimeter profiles ... completely finished and ready for priming and decorating. U01FL100 Workers m2 M.O. Partition W 111 1,000 8,80 8,80 U10JA106 Material m2 Plasterboard KNAUF Standard 15 mm. 2,100 6,40 13,44 U10JA210 Material Ml Channel 48x30 mm. KNAUF 0,735 1,50 1,10 U10JA220 Material Ml Upright 48x36 mm. KNAUF 2,888 1,80 5,20 U10JA284 Material Ml Acustic band 50 mm. 1,260 0,47 0,59 U10JA250 Material Ud Screws TN 3,5-25 mm. KNAUF 38,850 0,02 0,78 U10JA233 Material Ud Fixations 1,680 0,01 0,02 U10JA280 Material kg Grip pasta Knauf Perlfix 0,105 0,63 0,07 U10JA282 Material kg Joints pasta Knauf Jointfiller 0,630 1,50 0,95 U10JA260 Material Ml Joints tape KNAUF 3,360 0,06 0,20 %CI Others % Indirect costs..(s/total) 0,312 3,00 0,94 281,02 32,09 9.017,80 Total costs for one floor: 9.017,80 Euros or 31.130 Litas. 1 9.017,80 9.017,80 3.2.10 TECHNICAL - ECONOMIC INDICATORS 1. Quantity of works: 281m 2. Installation costs: 9.017,80 € or 31.130 Litas 3. Duration of works: 35 days / 9 floors = 3.89 days 4. Wage: 31.12 h x 8.80€ = 273.859 € or 944.8 Litas 52 4. ORGANIZATION PART 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF TERRITORY The plan of building lot is composing for a constructing of housing building (will be commercial salons too) which is in Vilnius city, Rygos street 11 street. In the plan of building lot is intended: -The main machines working places and moving tracks; -Storages and storing sites positions; -Temporary electricity, water-supplying, sewerage and fireplug, positions; -Safety and dangerous zones; -Territory and dangerous zones enclosure, roofs and so on; -Temporary access roads and passages; -Temporary buildings and domestic rooms positions. The plan of building lot is preparing before starting constructional works. The lot is on planning, trees, which are impeding, are cutting of, the soil is pushed aside and stored. Earth is dozen of. All the site preparation has to be made according to construction organizing project. The building lot is surrounding by fence. There is built roads and base of it are multiplexed. The working zone of crane and dangerous zones are marked. The plan of building lot is made in case not to be broken roles of technology process requirements. On the preparation stage, which will be started on June, it is necessary to do these works: -To prepare domestic rooms; -To cut trees which are in the building zone; -To make a entrance to building lot; -To prepare storage sites. The storages in the building plan are closed to designed areas of them. Open storages and roof s are in the crane working zone, near to road.. All the administration and domestic rooms will be supplied by electricity. Electricity will be getting from transformer substation roof, when the license will be gained. The building site will be supplied by electricity from the transformer substation, where is the main electricity distributional and accounting lock and cable. 4.1.1 SELECTION OF TOWER CRANE Will be explained in the next part why will be chose our tower crane LIEBBHER 110 ECB6. Tower cranes are selecting by two ways: 1. According to technical parameters. 2. According to economical parameters. 53 In this task we will scrutinize the first way, when tower crane are selecting according to technical parameters. This way is dividing into two steps: A. Tower crane selection when the underground and over-ground works are fulfilling. B. Tower crane selection when only the over-ground works are fulfilling. Calculation of technological parameters of tower crane. First of all the following parameters of installing building have to be known: 1. The dimensions of building and location (underground and over-ground parts). 2. The weights, dimensions and location of installing constructions. 3. The work conditions (the peculiarities of building site, soil characteristics, the peculiarities of underground structures). First of all, you must check if crane technical characteristics match the inequalities: Qk >QR. Hk >HR. Lk>LR Here: Qk – the ascension power of selected crane, t QR – the required ascension power, t Lk - the reach of selected crane boom, m LR - the required reach of crane boom, m Hk - the lifting height of selected crane hook, m HR – the required lifting height of hook, m The technological parameters of crane are calculating according to the building characteristics. The required crane is selecting according to the tables of technical characteristics of cranes. Tower crane selection when the underground and over-ground works are fulfilling like in the future building. First of all, using the next, formula the required height of hook lifting is determining: HR = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 = 30.65 + 0.45 + 3.8 + 1.45 = 36.35 m. Here: h1 – the height of abutment (support), on which the installing element is bracing, which is calculating from the under-crane track or the bottom of support, m 54 h2 – the height of installing element, m h3 - free interval between abutment (support) and installing element (0.5 – l m) h4 – the height of hitching (trailing) equipment (strops) above the installing element, m. Then the ascension power of crane is calculating using the next formula: QR = P + Pstr = 2,5 + 0,15 = 2,65 t. Here: P - the weight of heaviest lifting construction, T - the weight of hitching (trailing) equipment (strops), t When the values of LR, HR and QR are calculated, the crane could be selected. Whereas for determining the reach of crane boom LR , will needed to know the undercrane width or width of supports and dimensions of platform turn. These values are finding in crane diagrams. The reach of crane boom LR is calculating using the next formula: LR= 1,25 + 1 + 1,5 + 3,8:2 + 20,95 = 26,6 m. When the values of LR, HR and QR are calculated, the crane could be selected using the diagrams of the tower crane. The diagrams show, that the selected crane 110 EC-B5 LIEBHERR, match all requirements. Qk = 3,4 > QR.= 2,65 t Hk = 42,1 > HR.= 36,35 m Lk = 37,5 > LR = 26,6 m As we can see, our tower crane 110 EC-B6 LIEBHERR selected (figure 43), is is capable of performing the required works. It is shown also, the tower crane supported basement (figure 44) Below, will be shown, the 110 EC-B6 LIEBHERR main characteristics, tower crane reach (figure 45) and lifting (figure 46). Information: http://www.liebherr.com/es-ES/default_lh.wfw 55 Figure 43. Selected Liebherr tower crane 62 Figure 52. Building and tower crane aerial view 4.1.3 TEMPORARY ROADS TO THE BUILDING PLACE Temporary roads in the building places are used to bring construction materials , etc. Temporary roads are built combining with existing roads to reach warehouses, work places, machines and etc. outside the building place. Temporary roads in the building place have to be two ways. The wide of the road has to be at least 6 meters. The road is straight and has a insignificant slope.. The smallest distance from the road to the warehouse is 1 meter. This kind of roads is built to ensure easy driving to the building place and fast work. 4.1.4 TEMPORARY STORAGE BUILDINGS AND SITES The construction site will contain two storage buildings (9x4x2.3m) for satisfying all the storage needs, will be needed exactly three storage buildings and one no covered site (8x8m) inside the construction plot. 63 4.1.5 TEMPORARY BUILDINGS FOR WORKERS AND MANAGING All the working and managing staff will have their own temporary buildings for satisfying all the needs. The managing staff will have one temporary building (10x4.5x2.3m) where will be situated the office. The workers will be able to use four temporary buildings (9x4x2.3m), three of them as place for resting, eating, etc, and one of them (9x4x2.3m) for using the showers and the toilets. Knowing the workers volume was possible to calculate all the necessary temporary buildings. Information: http://www.casetaspredes.com/casetas-obras.htm 4.1.6 TEMPORARY ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Will be needed a temporary electricity supply for making mostly all the works. Will be needed a general electricity counter in the building fence connected to the electrical rush supply connected to the general electrical system of the city placed close the road, will be made an individual 4x16 mm² derivation (figure 53). Justification of individual 4x16 mm² derivation P=/3.u.i.cos f Where: -P= Power in W -u=Voltage in volts for three-phase system as is in the case 400V -I= intensity in A. -cos f = power factor (in Spain is considered 0,9) -I max adm = maximum admissible intensity in A. I= 40 A I= 63 A (intensity of the protection element) (the switch of the box) I max adm= 80 A according to rebt itc-bt 19 tabla 1 (Spanish rules REBT 02) So: I ab < I n < I max adm (justification that satisfies the individual derivation overload). 64 Figure 53. Individual derivation 4x16 mm² 4.1.7 CONSTRUCTION SITE LIGHTNING To calculate the number of luminaries necessary for the correct illumination of the work, is used the following formula: MUn FF AE N Where: N: Number of luminaries required. E: Average luminance in lux. fn: Flow Rate of the lamp in lumens. FU: Factor of use. FM: maintenance factor. A: Local Area The surface of the work area is 7490 , to be illuminated with an average illumination of 15 lux, with 1x150 W metal halide lamps, which produce a luminous flux of 13,000 lumens per lamp. Will be used a normal maintenance factor 0.95. 65 Data from the lighting area are: Length: 107.00 m. Width: 70.00 m. Height: 4.50 m Index: 40.9 )704.5(107 7490 b)h(l bl K With this index, and media with colors for floors and ceiling, and clear to the walls, is a factor in initial use in direct lighting luminarie 1. Thus the number of lamps required for proper lighting of the premises is: 10 95,0113000 749015 N By calculation we have obtained, the need to place a minimum of 10 lamps. 4.1.8 TEMPORARY WATER SUPPLY Of course will be needed a temporary water supply for our works. Will be installed a general accountant in the building fence connected to the water supply rush of the city placed close to the road. The future temporary water supply line will require an accountant, stopcock general, pipe tube 32mm in diameter (is the standard diameter in Spain), wash step and tap. All the things mentioned before, are shown in the figure 54. Figure 54. Temporary wáter supply scheme 66 4.1.9 TEMPORARY SEWERAGE The sewer construction will consist in removing water from rain and the elimination of waste water as a showers, basins and toilets. Drainage is connected to the network of urban wastewater. The drainage plan consists in connecting our network to existing networks of the city. The sewerage system will have a diameter of 200mm. 4.1.10 TEMPORARY ROADS Temporary roads in the building places are used to bring construction materials and etc. Temporary roads are built combining with existing roads to reach warehouses, work places, machines and etc. outside the building place. Temporary roads in the building place have to be two way. The wide of the road has to be at least 6 meters. The road is rolled and has a 3 ° slope. The smallest distance from the road to the warehouse is 2 meter, from the road to the fence – 3 meters. Turnings of those roads will be made at the end of the road. This kind of roads is built to ensure easy driving to the building place and fast work. Will be at the same time, one temporary road to access the temporary buildings. 4.1.11 FENCE OF CONSTRUCTION SITE The building fence will be a opaque fence ideal for construction by the rapid assembly and disassembly solving the problem of delimitation of solar work or works. Opaque fence height will be 2 meters. Will be needed 309.14m for all the perimeter. Is a very practical fence for temporary and permanent closures. Composition: built in modules 2X1 meters folded sheet evenly with nerves at their ends for rigidity, covered with Aluzinc which is 6 times more resistant to corrosion. Information: http://www.adosa.es/ 67 4.1.12 TEMPORARY COMUNICATION Temporary communication will consist in cellular phones (five of them) and USB modem internet devices (three of them) for laptops. Will all this staff all the works needs are going to be satisfied. 4.1.13 GENERAL REQUERIMENTS OF LABOR SAFETY List of hazardous jobs in our construction: -Working crane -Work with hand tools and power machinery -Welding -Work excavators -Working at heights -Roof and façade installation -Formwork installation -Reinforcement and concrete works -Installation works - Building area is surrounded of 2m high wire mesh fence. - Fence encloses crane dangerous and work area. - In construction site is being installed fire fighting shield with fire extinguishers, crowbars, shovels, buckets, box with sand. - All persons in the construction site must wear protective helmets. - For doing a work is being used only scaffolding and ladders of inventory. - In a construction site is being installs fire hydrant. - The fence of the construction is being posted with signs about imminent danger and is informing that unauthorized persons entering to the construction site is prohibited strictly. - All work is being made as is required in technological requirements. - Construction contractor before work informs employees with safe working conditions. -Also is determined the danger zones, they are marked with highly visible warnings. - Give the permits for work in dangerous zone limits. - Develop a list of hazardous work in a construction site. - If weather conditions are bad - cancel all work. - Workers locations should be installed out of dangerous zones. - Check whether the tools and appliances which are being used for work, complies all standards. 68 - For each employee for service should be given a helmet, gloves, shoes with metal ends, working clothes, safety glasses. - Construction rubbish should be disposed of in appropriate locations. - Transport and traffic routes must be maintained in good order, not loaded with constructions, the road surface must be cleaned. - Ladders, scaffolding must comply with all safety requirements - if the scaffolds are unsteady, it should be attached with the rope to the still surface. After installation check the connections on the fasteners. If there are traffic routes near, should be installed roofs, facades and scaffolding covered with net. - Scaffolding and ladders are being viewed every 10 days. - Work at a height where protection is rope, should work qualified worker. -Dig trenches in sandy soils without reinforcement is possible only up to 1.25 m. - Raising Material or construction crane, used pallets, straps, measures preventing the lifting objects to fall. - It is prohibited to walk under raised structures or materials. - Constructions which are raised should be well fortified. - Should be installed fences witch to prevent falls, it may be marked. - When it is break time, construction or materials shall be prohibited to leave. - Before the roof, the supervisor must check supporting structures and enclosures; the workers must be equipped with safety equipment. - The materials can be packed on the roof only in the places where allows technical project and ensure that they are falling. GENERAL PROTECTION. SAFETY LABOUR NAME NUMBER Helmet Each worker Security gloves Each worker Protective clothing against mechanisms Each worker Protective footwear Each worker Protective glasses with direct ventilation Each worker First Aid Kit One kit Vessel with drinking water and disposable cups One kit 69 4.1.14 REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Will not be able in construction site bury waste the rubbish. When construction work is completed, is required to remove construction waste, unnecessary soil, clean up area and plant the plantations. If any of these works on time of year can´t be competed, they should be finished in the next season of planting. 4.1.15 REQUIREMENTS OF FIRE PROTECTION During construction, will be followed rules about fire protection - construction works and installation of fire protection rules. In the future construction site in a visible and accessible place should be a panel with inventory: two buckets, two axes, two crowbars, ladders, hook, 0.5 of sand box, two fire extinguishers and two spades. 70 4.2.2 WORKFORCE For all the works we are going to need many workers, the ninth month will be when more of them are at the same time as we can see in figure 55. Workers Months Figure 55. Workforce 4.2.3 MACHINERY For all the works we will need many different kinds of machinery as we can see in figure 56, being the month with more of them in the construction on tenth month. Machinery Months Figure 56. Machinery 4 10 12 18 18 18 18 18 39 21 36 36 34 26 25 29 21 19 19 17 18 22 6 0 20 40 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 NUMERO DE TRABAJADORES MENSUAL 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 9 7 9 9 10 8 7 9 9 8 8 7 7 9 3 0 10 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 NUMERO DE EQUIPOS MENSUAL 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY I have used many bibliography for the thesis, mostly, this bibliography are books, and internet websites. Websites: Forum soloarquitectura www.soloarquitectura.com Liebherr webpage www.liebherr.com Construction fences www.adosa.es Storage buildings www.casetaspredes.com/casetas-obras Pavements website www.kahrs.com/es/Consumer/Pages/Start.aspx Plasterboards website www.knauf.es/knauf/controller/controller.jsp General architecture www.arq.com.mx/index481.html General architecture www.plusarquitectura.info Spanish construction standards www.codigotecnico.org/web Standards www.grupoprevenir.es/normativas/c/itc_2.htm General architecture www.arquitectura.com/tecnica/legal/legalespana/viviend.asp General architecture www.arquitectura-3d.com/soporte/tutorial-video Polotechnique university of Valencia https://poliformat.upv.es/portal Books: 1. Aceros para hormigón Madrid: AENOR, D.L. 1989 2. Apuntes de construcción de estructuras de hormigón armado / Pascual Urbán Brotóns. San Vicente (Alicante): (Imp. Gamma), D.L. 1999 3. Construcción de estructuras : hormigón armado : detalles constructivos y perspectivas Pascual Urbán Brotóns Alicante: Club Universitario, 2001 4. Construcción de estructuras de hormigón armado Urbán Brotóns, Pascual Alicante: Club Universitario , 1999