Costa del Sol (Spain), analysis of economic and land changes caused by tourism
Abstract
Malaga is in southern Spain, in a region called Andalusia. Costa del Sol belongs to the province of Malaga, near the Strait of Gibraltar and near the coast of Africa (about 300 km) and about 2,300 km of Sluptz. The Costa del Sol is next to the Mediterranean Sea and near the Atlantic Ocean. Strong and rapid growth of tourism in the countries of southern Europe and in Poland. Spain currently (2015) is the third largest inbound of international tourism (68 mil.) and the second inbound in tourism revenue. Europe is a major world tourist region. The first recipient of tourism in the world is France. Most tourism takes place between developed countries.
Full text
Costa del Sol (Spain), analysis of economic and land changes caused by tourism Fernando Almeida University of Málaga, Spain "Crisis and restructuring of tourist areas of the Spanish coast" (CSO2015-64468-P) (R+D+i) Government of Spain
Costa del Sol (Spain), analysis of economic and land changes caused by tourism Index 1. Spanish tourism policy 2. West Costa del Sol: area specialized in tourism 3. East Costa del Sol: conflict of land use
SPAIN Localization Hiszpania Lokalizacja
Evolution of international tourist (Millions) Source: UNWTO 1955 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014 Portugal 0.22 0.36 1.23 2.73 8.02 12.10 6.83 9.32 Greece 0.40 0.41 2.14 4.80 8.87 12.50 15.01 22.03 Italy 11.73 18.76 32.08 22.09 26.68 41.18 43.63 48.68 Spain 2.63 6.61 22.89 23.40 34.30 47.90 52.68 65.00 Poland 3.40 17.40 12.47 16.00 1955-60 1960-70 1970-80 1980-90 1990-00 2000-10 2010-14 Portugal 13.0 24.2 12.3 19.4 5.1 -4.3 9.1 Greece 0.2 42.6 12.4 8.5 4.1 2.0 11.7 Italy 12.0 7.1 -3.1 2.1 5.4 0.6 2.9 Spain 30.3 24.6 0.2 4.7 4.0 1.0 5.8 Poland 41.2 -2.8 7.1 Annual rate (%)
Some tourist countries of Europe Evolution of international tourism 0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 1955 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014 Sour ce :UNWTO Portugal Greece Italy Spain Poland
NATIONAL IMAGE 1ST TOURISM GOVERNMENT RESTRUCTURING GOVERMENT, TOURISM SECTOR INITIATION (1900-1950) PRE-FORDIST PHASE FORDIST PHASE DEVELOPMENT MASS TOURISM INDICATIVE PLANNIN DEVELOPMENT (1951-1975) MATURATY (1976-2016) POST-FORDIST PHASE Phases in tourism policy of Spain
FORDIST SOUTHERN EUROPEAN MODEL GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION HISTORICAL & SOCIAL FACTORS ECONOMICS FACTORS POLITICAL FACTORS Development Level Tourist Resources Goverment Involment National Image Territorial Imbalances Historical Background European To ur ist Markets Source: Author Southern European model based on mass tourism
Tourist spaces in Spain and Portugal 0.0 - 1.0 Hotel bed places by Km2 DENSITY OF HOTEL PLACES. PROVINCES (SPAIN) AND (PORTUGAL). 1968 FRANCE ATLANTIC OCEAN Source: INE (Portugal), Ministerio de Información y Turismo (Spain) AZORES ISLANDS MADEIRA ISLAND CANARY ISLANDS Madrid Lisbon Barcelona Balearic Islands ATLANTIC OCEAN MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Tourist spaces in Spain and Portugal DENSITY OF HOTEL PLACES. PROVINCES (SPAIN) ANDI (PORTUGAL). 1990. 0.0 - 1.0 Hotel places by Km2 Source: INE (Portugal), Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo, Turespaña (Spain) AZORES ISLANDS MADEIRA ISLAND CANARY ISLANDS
Tourists nationality staying in hotel. Costal del Sol. 2014 Spanish 50,8% France 5,5 Rest 20,3% Germany 8,3 U.K. 9,5% Italy 2,6% USA 2,4% Poland 0,6% 10 million tourists (2014)
Evolution of the Costa del Sol FAST DEVELOPMENT HOTEL AIRPORT HOUSING BUBLE INT. INVESTMENT SPREAD INLAND ELITE TOURISM 1º STAGE (1950-1975) 2º STAGE (1975-1990) MASS TOURISM SECOND HOME TOURISM SPREAD COAST TOURISM MASS TOURISM GLOBALIZATION 3º STAGE (1900-2016)
Evolution of hotel bed places in West Costa del Sol 1.146 9.323 17.617 29.873 39.693 40.476 45.893 48.380 54.585 68.948 71.838 72.429 0 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000 80.000 1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
EAST COSTA DEL SOL. LAND CONFLICT BETWEEN TOURISM AND AGRICULTURE Metropol. Area Mixed land uses Natural protected areas and tourism
CHANGES IN TRADITIONAL LOCAL ECONOMY Tropical fruits /Greenhouse Traditional agriculture crisis Tourism International + domestic invesment Second homes Town hall budget needs
EAST COSTA DEL SOL. LAND CONFLICT BETWEEN TOURISM AND AGRICULTURE Mixed uses Cattel Ranching
Differents elements in the country (landscape, heritage, etc)
EAST COSTA DEL SOL. LAND CONFLICT BETWEEN TOURISM AND AGRICULTURE Non planning Urban process in country
EAST COSTA DEL SOL. LAND CONFLICT BETWEEN TOURISM AND AGRICULTURE Environmental areas of high value
EAST COSTA DEL SOL. LAND CONFLICT BETWEEN TOURISM AND AGRICULTURE Environmental problems