Using viral taxonomy as an encryption technique

Prof.Dr.Samreen Amir Chairperson DepartmentofElectronicEngineering Outline Abstract Motivation Introduction ProposedMethodologies ImplementationofMethod–I ImplementationofMethod–II Conclusion Abstract Thebasicobjectiveistoproposethedesignto develop a Virus‐the organism based communication system for intelligence information transfer; A secure data communication through V‐technology. The taxonomy tree and the anatomical structure of virus is used as an encrypted data packet. The basic simulations are performed on Proteus platform. This idea shall extend the application of bio technology and biomedical engineering in communication systems. Motivation Inthecommunicationscienceandtechnologythetermbiotechnologyisfound tobeveryrareormaybenotatall. Mostofthethingsthatweuseasaresultofbrilliantengineeringdesignand implementationareanaloguestosomenaturalobjectorphenomenon. Similarlywhentheanatomicalstructureofviruswasobserveditwasverymuch resemblingtothedatapacketwetransmitorreceiveoveranetwork. Adatapacketencapsulatetheactualdatabitsinsomanylayers.Theopen systeminterface(OSI)modelgivessevenlayersscheme. Ontheotherhandthevirustaxonomyschemesdefineeveryvirusas hierarchicaltreeofseverallayerscommonly7‐8innumber[2]. The network security is always been under attacks and threats these days. Every communicationtechnologyhasriskofhackingorunauthorizedtaping. TheevolutionofCDMAtechnologygotrapidacceptanceduetoitsinherited propertyofencryption. Similarlyintheproposedsystemviruswouldbeusedasanencrypteddata packet. Introduction Severaltaxonomyschemesforviruseshavebeenpresented from1961todatebyICTV(InternationalCommitteeon TaxonomyofVirus)[1]. Thebasicconsiderationsindefiningdistinguishedvirus order,familiesandgeneraaregenome,replicationstrategy andstructure. Usuallytheadvancebiotechnologyisbeenappliedfor healthsciencesandagriculturaldevelopments.Discovering newdiseasesandtheircauses&cureshavebeenthemain focusofthisparticularareaofscience. Introduction–VirusClassification Theclassificationofallvirusesconsistofphylum‐ class‐ order‐ family‐ subfamily‐ genus‐ species‐ strain/type Thefig.belowshowsmicroscopicstructureofviruses. ProposedMethodologies ThebasiccomponentsofcommunicationsystemareTransmitter‐Medium‐ Receiveralongwiththedatasourceanddestination. Inthelightofthistheorytherecanbetwodifferentwaysofimplementingthe proposedmethod. Thesimplestofallistousevirustaxonomyasanencryptiontoolthatisusing theexistingcommunicationsystemwiththeproposedencryptiontechnique. Themappingorencodingalgorithmmaybefurtherdivideintodifferenttypes dependinguponthevirusclassificationattributeadaptedforencoding;for instancetype1mayrefertoBaltimoreClassificationandetc. Theothermethodusesvirusphysicallyasadatacarriersentoversuitable medium.Inthiscasethereceivingendshouldhaveallnecessaryequipmentto identifythesentvirusanddecodethedatabits.Thatmeansadifferent communicationsetupaltogether. ImplementationofMethod‐ I In this suggested method the existing communication system may be used. The mode of communication may be wired or wireless. The basic form of data shall be text or voice. The receiver in this case must be synchronized with the encryption scheme running at transmitter end. The specific encryption software must be installed on the receiving device whether it’s a cell phone, computer or the any other electronic device. Encryption  Strategy  I ThisschemeisbaseduponICTVstandardofvirusclassification. ThecurrentICTVreleaseshowsthatthereare71virusfamilieswhich donotcontainregistered“Order”. While25aredividedintosevendifferentorder.Itgivesoneofthedata bit.Withorderlogic“1”withoutorder“0”.Itwouldbeeasyto understandtakingaspecificvirusasanexample. Thefigure2showsthetaxonomytreeforoneofthespeciesoforder named“Caudovirales”. Theavailablevirusorderscanhavemaximum5familiesasperlatest release.So3‐databitsaregoodtodecodethem. Likewiseeveryfamilyhasmaximum4subfamiliesandminimumzero thatisnosubfamily.02databitsareenoughforthisentry. Maximum17generaarefoundunderanysubfamilyso5‐bitscanbe assignedtothisfield.Uptillnow5000ormorespeciesareknownbut maximum37speciesfoundunderonegenus.So8bitassignmentshall easilyservethepurpose. Thetotaldatabitsare22bits,showninTable1. Platform The implementation is done on Proteus simulation platform. The AT89C51 microcontroller was used. The purpose is to illustrate the mechanism hence kept simple. The number assignment may be used for several purposes like sequences or the sender code word etc. If the message to be sent is “0 I am Going Park” then all we have to write is O18P;thenameofvirusequivalentto “0000000000000000000000”. Remember it’s not for normal data communication it’s for Military or defense related applications. The list of commonly used terminologies in such type of conversation can be easily encoded with in these limits. Although the communication medium is same as for general purpose communications but the encryption technique is entirely different as that of routine Digital Encryption Standards (DES) or Advanced Encryption Standards (AES). EncryptionStrategy‐II In this type of encoding the criterion for the classification may be treated as a data bit. For instance the morphology of the virus is one of the classification tools and it has three attributes shape, size and ultra‐structure. The two common shapes found in viruses are spherical and isometric. We may assign logic 1 for spherical and 0 for Isometric. Similarly for size the logic assignment may be as if diameter ranges between 20‐160 nm its 1 and for 160 to 300nm its 0 since the size of viruses is found between 20‐300nm. Likewise for ultra‐structure bit; for enveloped assign bit “1” and un‐ enveloped/complex assign bit “0”. It can give eight possible combinations (3‐ bits code). So if the morphology represents the information about countries in G8 then the name of country may be decoded using predefined schemes with these data bits. The table 3 provides the basic morphological information of two viruses. These two examples can be helpful in understanding the proposed mechanism. As per the aforementioned protocol the first entry shall be decoded as “111” and second entry will be “001 Some more virus details used in defining the class and phylum of organism are given in table 4. Each entry may be assigned the number of bits sufficient to provide number of unique possible combinations required to represent the available options as described in equation 1. Another possibility to generate the encoding states are considering virus groups; for instance in Group A the further sub division is performed on the basis of head formation of the virus. For A1 its small isometric, for A2 it’s prolate and for A3 it’s elongated. Another attribute to help the cause is tail of the virus. If the virus is tailed then the structure of tail may have three possibilities namely short non contractile, long non contractile and long contractile. If we consider the same specie as that for strategy 1 then it would be easy to understand the difference between the two. PhiO18P is spherical, 50nm diameter, enveloped virus. Its double stranded DNA genome and gram negative. The head is icosahedral and elongated and tail is thick and short contractile. So the encoder’s decision tree can use this information and assign the respective code. In the previous case the virus was treated on the basis of hierarchy while in this scheme the encoding criteria is the physical structure. Method‐II Thismethodwouldusebiotechnologylabsasthefrontendtransmitterandreceiver. Datawillbevirusitselfandmediumcouldbeanymateriallikeplastic,plant,water/ liquid,paperetcthatcanholdthatvirus. Thesameencryptionalgorithmsasdescribedpreviouslyinmethod1asstrategy1or2may beusedtoprocesstheextractedinformationofvirus. Amongthousandsofvirusspeciesitwasfoundthattherearenotjustdiseasevirusesbut someplantvirusandhumanfriendlyvirusestoo. Theadeno‐associatedvirustype2(AAV2)isoneofthenon‐diseaseviruses Virusesarepresentaroundourenvironmentallofthetimebutreproduceonlywhenhost cellcomealong. Regardlessofthetypeofhostcell,usuallyvirusesfollowthelytic cycle;thatinvolves searchforhost,absorption,entry,genomereplication,maturationandrelease. Thisprocessmaybeutilizedfordatapropagationafterappropriatemapping. Theproperhostcellisrecognizedorfeltbyatypeofproteinontheoutside coatorenvelope. Thispropertycanhelpinthedevelopmentofthepointtopoint communicationsessions. Thenewcopiesofgeneticinstructionsareinsidethenewproteincoatshence producingnewviruses. Avirusismerelyasetofgeneticinstructionssurroundedbyaproteincoatand itdoesnotcarryoutanybiochemicalreactionswithouthostcell. Virusescanliveforyearsorlongeroutsideahostcell.Thatmeansadatapacket onaroutewithlong“Timetolive”(TTL)overanetwork. Conclusion Theinitialoutcomewillfindapplicationsinmilitaryordefense institutionsandintelligenceagencies. ThetransportationmediainMethod2arealsoveryunusual whichisveryunlikelytobeattackedforhackingortapping purpose. ThedatatransmittedthroughV‐technologyMethod2canonly beextractedinaspecifiedlaboratory. Itisalsoimportanttoconsiderthehumanandenvironment safetywhiledevelopingsuchsystem. Thebasicrequiredphysicalresourcesarealreadythereinterms ofvirologydepartmentlabsandqualifiedpersonnel. Thedevelopmentofproposedmapping/encodingalgorithms usingtheseexistingfacilitiesshallresultinahighlyencrypted datacommunicationsystem. Sincemajorfacilitiesarealreadytheresothisproposedsystem doesn’tdemandhighinvestment. ??