New species and new records of bryozoans from Galicia (NW Spain)

Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnah20 Journal of Natural History ISSN: 0022-2933 (Print) 1464-5262 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnah20 New species and new records of bryozoans from Galicia (NW Spain) Oscar Reverter-Gil, Javier Souto & Juan E. Trigo To cite this article: Oscar Reverter-Gil, Javier Souto & Juan E. Trigo (2019) New species and new records of bryozoans from Galicia (NW Spain), Journal of Natural History, 53:3-4, 221-251, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1582815 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1582815 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 27 Mar 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 216 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles New species and new records of bryozoans from Galicia (NW Spain) Oscar Reverter-Gil a , Javier Souto b,c and Juan E. Trigo d a Museo de Historia Natural da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; b Institut für Paläontologie, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften, Geographie und Astronomie, Geozentrum, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria; c Departamento de Zooloxía e Antropoloxía Física, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; d Grupo de Estudo do Medio Mariño (GEMM), A Coruña, Spain ABSTRACT Although the bryozoological fauna of Galicia (NW Spain) is probably the best known of the whole Iberian Peninsula, and perhaps one of the better known in Europe, new studies continue to provide new knowledge. A new species, Schizotheca galaica sp. nov., is described. Eleven species are newly recorded in Galicia: Aetea longicollis, Parellisina curvirostris, Copidozoum planum, Glabrilaria corbula, Haplopoma sciaphilum, Schizomavella (Schizomavella)mamillata, Fenestrulina asturiasensis, Fenestrulina barrosoi, Buffonellaria muriella, Schizotheca divisa and Dentiporella saldanhai;twoofthem(B. muriella and S. divisa)arealso reported for the first time in Iberian waters; four others (Antarctothoa galaica, F. asturiasensis, F. barrosoi and D. saldanhai) are reported for the first time since their original descriptions, and SEM images of A. longicollis and F. asturiasensis are provided for the first time. Moreover, the range of geographical distribution of some species is expanded: the record of S. divisa is the southernmost to date, while the records of S. mamillata, F. barrosoi and D. saldanhai are the most northerly to date. The presence of other four species in Galician waters is confirmed and we document the permanence and range extension of two species recently introduced into our waters (Tricellaria inopinata and A. galaica). urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8D0ABEF-026E-4FC8-A947-6484249519FA ARTICLE HISTORY Received 27 September 2018 Accepted 7 February 2019 Published online 27 March 2019 KEYWORDS Iberian Peninsula; NE Atlantic; Antarctothoa; Dentiporella;Fenestrulina; Schizotheca Introduction Bryozoans are key components of the benthos, presenting a wide diversity and encrusting all types of hard, permanent or ephemeral substrates. Studies on the bryozoological fauna of Galicia began with the publication of the results of the campaign by the Travailleur carried out by Jullien (1882,1883), a very late date compared with the long bryozoological tradition in other areas such as the British Isles. Moreover, the first records of intertidal bryozoans did not appear until well into the twentieth century, when Barroso (1923) published the results of a study of material collected in Marín (Ría de Pontevedra). The second contribution in this field had to wait for another 50 years, when Carrada (1973) published data from CONTACT Javier Souto [email protected] JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 2019, VOL. 53, NOS. 3–4, 221–251 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1582815 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Published online 27 Mar 2019 the Ría de Vigo. From the 1980s on, however, a continuous series of works increased our knowledge on the Galician bryozoological fauna. The publication, 20 years later, of an annotated check-list (Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001)thatcompiled data of more than 260 species, crowned this effort. This revealed Galicia to be the most diverse area of the Iberian waters as far as bryozoans are concerned, and one of the best-known areas in Europe. It is also worth mentioning the importance of the group in the Galician benthos, since the high diversity of bryozoans in some rías (e.g. the Ría de Ferrol with 143 known species or the Ría de Vigo with 122 species) defines these areas as having the greatest number of species per area of the entire Atlantic. During the past years we have been gathering unpublished data from various sites along our coasts. This has yielded new data for nearly 100 species. In the present work we collate the most interesting data on 19 of them, including: the description of a new species of the genus Schizotheca Hincks, 1877;thefirst records of 11 species for Galician waters, two of which [Buffonellaria muriella Berning and Kukliński, 2008 and Schizotheca divisa (Norman, 1864)] are also reported for the first time in Iberian waters; four others [Antarctothoa galaica (César-Aldariz, Fernández-Pulpeiro and Reverter-Gil, 1999), Fenestrulina asturiasensis Álvarez, 1992, Fenestrulina barrosoi Álvarez, 1993 and Dentiporella saldanhai Souto, Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro, 2010] are reported for the first time since their original descriptions. SEM photos of Aetea longicollis Jullien in Jullien and Calvet 1903,andF. asturiasensis are here included for the first time. The presence of other four species in Galician waters is confirmed, previously doubtful due to different reasons; and we confirm the permanence and range extension of species recently introduced into our waters, such as Tricellaria inopinata d’Hondt and Occhipinti Ambrogi, 1985 and A. galaica. In addition, the record of S. divisa becomes the southernmost of the species to date, whereas the finding of Schizomavella (Schizomavella)mamillata (Hincks, 1880)inourwaters confirms the presence of the species in Atlantic waters and it becomes the most northerly to date. Materials and methods The samples studied here were collected all along the Galician coast (NW Spain), in 43 localities, from the intertidal to 594 m depth (Figure 1;Table 1). In the intertidal, samples from the localities 1, 3, 6d, 9, 20, 22b and 23d were collected on natural substrates, whereas specimens from locality 2 were collected on an experimental panel, and material from localities 6c, 21b and 21c were collected on artificial structures in marinas. The material was initially conserved in alcohol or dry. Shallow-water specimens were collected by SCUBA (localities 5, 6b, 7, 21d, 22a and 23a–c, e, f) or by dredge (localities 6a, 21a and 22c) during systematic sampling campaigns in different rías. As in the case of the intertidal specimens, they were initially fixed in alcohol or preserved dry. Another group of samples, from localities 8, 10–19 and 21e, were collected during fishing activities mainly with bottom trawls and fishtraps from near-shore fishing boats. During the use of these fishing gears rocks, shells, and corals among other substrates with bryozoans were collected. Most of these samples were dried 222 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. for conservation. Finally, one sample collected at st. Y428 of the campaign Thalassa (here named st. 4) and currently stored in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN), was studied. Data on the substrates, when known, are presented in the material examined section of each species. Samples were sorted and examined in the lab using stereomicroscopes. Selected specimens were dried for study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FEI Inspect S50 SEM and Zeiss EVO LS15, from the University of Vienna and from the University of Santiago de Compostela, respectively, were used to take photographs of uncoated material with a back-scattered electron detector in low-vacuum mode. Optical photos were taken with a Nikon D90 camera. Measurements were taken with the software ImageJ® on SEM photographs. For comparative purposes, some type material held in the MNHN and the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (MNCN) has been revised. The material newly collected during the present work has been stored in the bryozoan collection at the Museo de Historia Natural of the USC (MHNUSC-Bry). Results Order CHEILOSTOMATIDA Busk, 1852 Suborder INOVICELLINA Jullien, 1888 Family AETEIDAE Smitt, 1868 Figure 1. Sampling localities in Galician waters. See also Table 1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 223 Table 1. Sampling localities in Galicia (see also Figure 1). (EFP: E. Fernández-Pulpeiro; JC: J. Cremades; JET: Juan E. Trigo; JLR: J.L. Redondo; JS: J. Souto; MNHN: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; ORG: O. Reverter-Gil). No Locality N W Depth Date Coll./ID 1a Ría de Ribadeo: R25 43.53694° 07.03611° 0 7 August 1979 EFP/ORG 1b Ría de Ribadeo: R26 43.54000° 07.03750° 0 8 August 1979 EFP/ORG 1c Ría de Ribadeo: R28 43.55000° 07.03583° 0 28 February 1979 EFP/ORG 1d Ría de Ribadeo: R30 43.55222° 07.03694° 0 30 October 1977 EFP/ORG 2 Xove 43.71300° 07.46840° 0 21 February 2008 JC/EFP 3 Ría de Ortigueira 43.70889° 07.83639° 0 April 2017 ORG 4Thalassa Y428 44.19667° 08.67667° 500–522 4 September 1972 MNHN/ORG 5a Prior: El Porto 43.56000° 08.30300° 10 4 May 2003 JS 5b Prior: A Cova 43.56006° 08.31672° 6–14 18 June 2008 JS 5c Prior: A Cova 43.56006° 08.31672° 15 16 August 2010 JS 6a Ría de Ferrol: Redonda 43.46389° 08.26333° 8 June 2004 ORG 6b Ría de Ferrol: Cetárea Vella 43.45592° 08.29939° 4 12 March 2004 JS/ORG 6c Ría de Ferrol: A Graña 43.47817° 08.25845° 0 27 October 2010 JS 6d Ría de Ferrol: Sta. Lucía 43.46139° 08.25000° 0 2 April 2013 EFP/ORG 7 Ría de Ares: Carnoedo 43.38083° 08.26361° 8 21 June 2010 JS 8 43.54167° 08.43722° 94 10 January 2003 JET/ORG 9 Malpica 43.32444° 08.81722° 0 4 November 1983 EFP/ORG 10 43.47806° 08.97083° 172 23 November 2002 JET/ORG 11 43.39667° 09.18139° 186 2 November 2003 JET/ORG 12 43.28194° 09.14333° 95 14 January 2003 JET/ORG 13 43.36639° 09.32778° 223 29 January 2002 JET/ORG 14 43.33917° 09.39556° 249 14 January 2003 JET/ORG 15 43.29139° 09.20667° 143 6 November 2004 JET/ORG 16 43.14500° 09.35361° 133 14 January 2003 JET/ORG 17 43.25000° 09.45000° 220 27 September 2002 JET/ORG 18 42.93333° 09.72833° 594 - JLR/ORG 19 42.80833° 09.39500° 128 May 1997 JLR/ORG 20a Ría de Muros: Louro 42.75583° 09.10444° 0 July 2005 ORG 20b Ría de Muros: P. San Francisco 42.75778° 09.07472° 0 July 2005 ORG 20c Ría de Muros: Baroña 42.69194° 09.02833° 0 17 March 1984 EFP/ORG 21a Ría de Arousa: N of O Grove 42.49167° 08.90833° 6 November 1978 EFP/ORG 21b Ría de Arousa: O Grove 42.49610° 08.85920° 0 7 March 2011 JS 21c Ría de Arousa: Tragobe 42.51850° 08.82740° 0 7 March 2011 JS 21d Ría de Arousa: Cambados 42.52106° 08.84173° 3 30 July 2008 JS 21e Ría de Arousa: Illa de Arousa 42.55306° 08.93361° 40 19 August 2003 JET/ORG 22a Ría de Vigo: Cangas 42.25417° 08.83333° 5 15 October 2010 JS/ORG 22b Ría de Vigo: Canido 42.19361° 08.79917° 0 20 January 1984 EFP/ORG 22c Ría de Vigo: V34 42.23889° 08.79639° 16 16 September 1986 EFP/ORG 23a Cíes Islands: Illa de Monteagudo 42.24251° 08.90188° 11 22 August 2012 JS/ORG 23b Cíes Islands: Illa de Monteagudo 42.23871° 08.89947° 6 22 August 2012 JS/ORG 23c Cíes Islands: P. das Margaridas 42.23532° 08.89828° 5 22 August 2012 JS/ORG 23d Cíes Islands: P. Figueiras 42.23028° 08.89944° 0 August 2008 ORG 23e Cíes Islands: Illa de Monteagudo 42.22883° 08.89511° 6 22 August 2012 JS/ORG 23f Cíes Islands: Illa San Martiño 42.20450° 08.90697° 5 23 August 2012 JS/ORG 224 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. Genus Aetea Lamouroux, 1812 Aetea longicollis Jullien in Jullien and Calvet, 1903 (Figure 2(a)) Aetea longicollis Jullien in Jullien and Calvet, 1903: 32, pl. 2, fig. 7. Material examined St. 19: several colonies on a whale bone (42.80833°N, 09.39500°W, 128 m depth; MHNUSC- Bry 418, 420, 509) (Figure 2(a)). Description Colony encrusting, uniserial, ramifying, white when dead, colour alive unknown. Autozooids with a basal dilatation and a stem arising from its distal part. Length of the dilatation, which is covered by transverse lines, about one third of stem length; width about 0.12–0.18 (mean 0.15) mm. Stems long and slender, about 2 mm long by 0.07 mm wide. Distal portion not widened, Figure 2. (a) A zooid of Aetea longicollis (st. 19; MHNUSC-Bry 420); (b) ovicelled zooids and avicularium of Parellisina curvirostris (st. 14; MHNUSC-Bry 500); (c) autozooids and avicularia of Copidozoum planum (st. 13; MHNUSC 10091); (d) portion of a colony of Cradoscrupocellaria ellisi (st. 1a; MHNUSC-Bry 90f). JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 225 bearing the narrow frontal membrane, 0.70 mm long by 0.06 mm wide, with a terminal operculum. Stem smooth, lightly punctate, distal portion around the membranous area highly punctate. Remarks Aetea longicollis is a rarely reported species whose distribution is not well known due to frequent confusions with other species of the genus, although it seems to be present both in the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The species was originally described by Jullien (in Jullien and Calvet 1903) from material collected offLuarca (Asturias, N Spain) at 134 m depth. It had also been reported in Catalonia (Zabala 1986)at5–20 m depth, on vertical walls, in small caves and on detritic bottoms, especially on algae and the seagrass Posidonia, although this record seems doubtful because this represents a completely different habitat. Aetea longicollis had not been previously reported in Galicia, although the species Aetea lineata, described by Jullien (1882) from a single zooid devoid of peristome, collected near Galician coasts, could actually correspond to A. longicollis (see Reverter- Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001). Suborder FLUSTRINA Smitt, 1868 Family CALLOPORIDAE Norman, 1903 Genus Parellisina Osburn, 1940 Parellisina curvirostris (Hincks, 1862) (Figure 2(b)) Membranipora curvirostris Hincks 1862: 29; Hincks, 1880: 153, pl. 20, figs. 5, 6. Parellisina curvirostris: Hayward and Ryland 1998: 182, fig. 52. Material examined St. 14: several ovicelled colonies on eroded fragments of Reteporella sp. (43.33917°N, 09.39556°W, 249 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 500) (Figure 2(b)). Description Colony encrusting, unilaminar. Autozooids oval or irregular, 0.511–0.716 (mean 0.574) mm long by 0.330–0.410 (mean 0.363) mm wide, separated by shallow grooves. Basal wall thin, lightly calcified. Lateral wall raised. Cryptocyst narrow, granular. Gymnocyst smooth, poorly developed, more evident in the proximal end of the autozooid. Short spines, roughly conical, around the opesia: two distal, even in ovicellate zooids, and one to three proximal. Small basal pore chambers present. Large vicarious avicularia, 0.123–0.470 (mean 0.327) mm long by 0.265–0.288 (mean 0.277) mm wide, with a triangular rostrum raised, directed distally and curved to one side; rostrum with an oval area. Proximal end with a rounded opesia, surrounded by a poorly developed granular cryptocyst. Both areas separated by a pair of condyles. Each avicularium with a small distal kenozooid, roughly triangular. Ovicell hyperstomial, small, wider than long, 0.116–0.220 (mean 0.180) mm long by 0.190–0.221 (mean 0.211) mm wide. Ectooecium membranous; entooecium granular, with some small peripheral pseudopores. Orifice narrow, not closed by the operculum. 226 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. Remarks According to Hayward and Ryland (1998), P. curvirostris has a wide distribution in warm temperate and subtropical waters. In Iberian waters it does not seem to be a very frequent species: along the Mediterranean coast it has been reported only in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands (Gautier 1962; Zabala 1993), while in the Atlantic coast only in the Ibero-Moroccan Bay at 150 m depth (Harmelin and d’Hondt 1992). Besides, the species Membranipora guernei, described by Jullien and Calvet (1903) from 135 m depth offthe Cape Peñas (Asturias), is probably a junior synonym of P. curvirostris according to Prenant and Bobin (1966). The present record is therefore the first one of the species in Galician waters. Genus Copidozoum Harmer, 1926 Copidozoum planum (Hincks, 1880) (Figure 2(c)) Membranipora plana Hincks, 1880: 81, pl. 11, fig. 2. Copidozoum planum: Hayward and Ryland 1998: 180, figs. 47C, 51A. Material examined St. 13: a small colony on a dead fragment of Porella compressa (43.36639°N, 09.32778°W, 223 m depth; MHNUSC 10091, together with more species, including the holotype of Schizotheca galaica sp. nov. –see below) (Figure 2(c)). Description Colony encrusting, unilaminar, with oval autozooids, large, 0.405–0.518 (mean 0.478) mm long by 0.321–0.381 (mean 0.353) mm wide, lightly calcified. Gymnocyst reduced to a small proximal area. Cryptocyst narrow, finely granular. Spines absent. Interzooidal avicularia 0.233–0.296 (mean 0.268) mm long, with a straight, narrow rostrum parallelsided, directed distally, and a semicircular opesia proximal to a pair of condyles. Ovicell not observed. Remarks Copidozoum planum seems to be a warm-temperate species with a circum-subtro- pical distribution. In Europe it is frequent in the Mediterranean and extends north to near the English Channel. In Iberian waters it has been reported all along the Mediterranean coast, but in the Atlantic coast it was recorded only in the Ibero- Moroccan Bay at 580 m depth by Harmelin and d’Hondt (1992)andintheAlgarve (Souto et al. 2014). Therefore, the present record of C. planum is the first one for the Galician coast. Family CANDIDAE d’Orbigny, 1851 Genus Cradoscrupocellaria Vieira, Spencer Jones and Winston, 2013 Cradoscrupocellaria ellisi (Vieira and Spencer Jones, 2012) (Figure 2(d)) JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 227 Scrupocellaria ellisi Vieira and Spencer Jones, 2012: 34, figs. 4, 18–23, 25, 27 (cum syn.). Cradoscrupocellaria ellisi: Vieira et al. 2013: 41, fig. 20. Material examined St. 1a: several colonies (Ría de Ribadeo: R25, Pta. Cabanela, 43.53694°N, 07.03611°W, intertidal; MHNUSC-Bry 90e, f) (Figure 2(d)). St. 1b: several colonies (Ría de Ribadeo: R26, Muelle de Porcillán, 43.54000°N, 07.03750° W, intertidal; MHNUSC-Bry 90b). St. 1c: several colonies (Ría de Ribadeo: R28, M. del cargadero a Castillo de S. Damián, 43.55000°N, 07.03583°W, intertidal; MHNUSC-Bry 90d). St. 1d: several colonies (Ría de Ribadeo: R30, P. Guitón, 43.55222°N, 07.03694°W, intertidal). St. 6b: several colonies (Ría de Ferrol: Cetárea Vella, 43.45592°N, 08.29939°W, 4 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 595). St. 9: several ovicelled colonies (Malpica, 43.32444°N, 08.81722°W, intertidal). St. 20a: many colonies on red seaweeds (Ría de Muros: Louro, 42.75583°N, 09.10444°W, intertidal). St. 20c: several colonies (Baroña, 42.69194°N, 09.02833°W, intertidal; MHNUSC-Bry 90c). St. 21a: several colonies (Ría de Arousa: O Grove, 42.49167°N, 08.90833°W, 6 m depth). St. 21e: (Porto de Xufre, Illa de Arousa, 42.55306°N, 08.93361°W, 40 m depth, MHNUSC- Bry 506). St. 22a: several colonies on Cliona celata (Ría de Vigo: Cangas, Pta. Creixiña, Nerga, 42.25417°N, 08.83333°W, 5 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 361). St. 22b: several colonies (Ría de Vigo: Canido, 42.19361°N, 08.79917°W, intertidal). St. 22c: several colonies (Ría de Vigo, V-34, 42.23889°N, 08.79639°W, 16 m depth). St. 23a: several colonies (Cíes Islands: Furna de Monteagudo, 42.24251°N, 08.90188°W, 11 m depth). St. 23b: several ovicelled colonies, and juveniles, on algae (Cíes Islands: Illa de Monteagudo, 42.23871°N, 08.89947°W, 6 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 622, 624). St. 23c: several colonies (Cíes Islands: Praia das Margaridas, 42.23532°N, 08.89828°W, 5 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 626). St. 23d: several colonies with embryos (Cíes Islands: Playa de Figueiras, 42.23028°N, 08.89944°W, intertidal; MHNUSC-Bry 605). St. 23e: several young colonies on shells and algae (Cíes Islands: Punta Muxieiro, 42.22883°N, 08.89511°W, 6 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 598, 604, 610, 613, 631). St. 23f: several ovicelled colonies (Cíes Islands: Illa de San Martiño, 42.20450°N, 08.90697° W, 5 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 611). Remarks Scrupocellaria ellisi was recently described by Vieira and Spencer Jones (2012) for several specimens previously identified as Scrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus, 1758). Both species are distinguished by very few characters not always easy to see: the presence in S. ellisi of smooth rhizoids and stouter scuta with 8–13 stout projections at distal tips, against 6–9inS. reptans, and the size of oecial pseudopores, smaller in S. ellisi than in S. reptans.Thenext year, both species were transferred to the new genus Cradoscrupocellaria Vieira et al., 2013. 228 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. peristome developed as a thin rim, most pronounced on each side of sinus. In our material the peristome is absent, but it seems to be broken, perhaps eroded (Figure 3(f)). On the other hand, the avicularium of our material is much smaller than the avicularium in Mediterranean material, but nonetheless similar to that observed in colonies from south Portugal (see Souto et al. 2010 fig. 16B), so this is perhaps a character defining the Atlantic material of the species. Schizomavella mamillata seems to be common throughout the shallow waters of the Mediterranean (Hayward and McKinney 2002), but it is also present in two Atlantic localities along the Portuguese coast: Foz do Douro, intertidal, and in the Algarve at 20 m depth (Reverter-Gil et al. 2014). The present record is thus the first one of S. mamillata for the Galician coast, and is also the northernmost of the species to date. Family MICROPORELLIDAE Hincks, 1879 Genus Fenestrulina Jullien, 1888 Fenestrulina asturiasensis Álvarez, 1992 (Figure 4(a–c)) Fenestrulina asturiasensis Álvarez, 1992: 727, fig. 1, 2. Material examined St. 12: a ovicellate colony on Reteporella sp. (43.28194°N, 09.14333°W, 95 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 517) (Figure 4(c)). St. 17: several colonies on coral (43.25000°N, 09.45000°W, 220 m depth; MHNUSC- Bry 516). St. 19: several colonies on a whale bone (42.80833°N, 09.39500°W, 128 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 404, 518) (Figure 4(b)). Comparative material examined MNCN 25.03/187: Holotype of Fenestrulina asturiasensis, Cape Peñas (Asturias, N Spain) 120 m depth, 03/06/1991 (Figure 4(a)). Description Colony encrusting, forming small unilaminar patches. Autozooids roughly hexagonal, 0.430–0.588 (mean 0.511) mm long by 0.358–0.540 (mean 0.444) mm wide, in alternating series, separated by distinct grooves. Frontal wall smooth, convex, evenly perforated by circular, non-stellate pores, each one located at the bottom of a small, short cavity. In young zooids pores are lacking in the area proximal to ascopore, except marginal ones. Ascopore in the centre of the zooid; lumen crescentic, with small delicate denticulations. Large basal pore-chambers present. Primary orifice D-shaped, wider than long, 0.096–0.126 (mean 0.110) mm long by 0.137–0.152 (mean 0.143) mm wide. Four to five short cylindrical oral spines, reduced to two in ovicellate zooids. Ooecium acleithral, subglobular, prominent, wider than long, recumbent on distal succeeding zooid, with smooth surface and a single peripheral series of basal pores. Remarks Fenestrulina asturiasensis was described by Álvarez (1992) for two colonies collected at 120 m depth offCape Peñas (Asturias, northern Spain). As far as we are aware, the species has not JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 235 been reported again since then. Therefore, this is not only the first record of F. asturiasensis for the Galician coast, but also the first one since the original description of the species. We also provide the first SEM images of the species, both of the type material and the newly collected material. The holotype of F. asturiasensis was growing on a brachiopod shell, but the new specimens collected here were found on Reteporella sp., corals and on a whale bone. Figure 4. (a) Holotype of Fenestrulina asturiasensis (MNCN 25.03/187); (b) a young colony of F. asturiasensis (st. 19; MHNUSC-Bry 404); (c) same, ovicelled zooids (st. 12; MHNUSC-Bry 517); (d) ovicelled zooids of Fenestrulina barrosoi with embryos (st. 5c; MHNUSC-Bry 639); (e) same, ovicelled zooids; (f) same, detail showing the pseudopores, the ascopore and the oral spines. 236 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. Fenestrulina barrosoi Álvarez, 1993 (Figure 4(d–f)) Fenestrulina barrosoi Álvarez, 1993: 831, fig. 1. Material examined St. 5c: several small colonies on algae (Prior: A Cova, 43.56006°N, 08.31672°W, 15 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 639) (Figure 4(d–f)). Comparative material examined MNCN-25.03/280: Holotype of Fenestrulina barrosoi, Isla de Alborán, 45–52 m. Description Colony encrusting, forming a flat unilaminar crust on algae. Autozooids oval, 0.357– 0.501 (mean 0.435) mm long by 0.284–0.344 (mean 0.313) mm wide, in alternating series separated by distinct grooves. Frontal shield convex, smooth, lightly calcified. A single series of marginal pseudo-stellate pseudopores, with 2–4 (often 3 or 4) radii, not joined in the centre; two series of pseudopores passing between the primary orifice and the ascopore. Two distolateral depressions separated by the two mid-distal spines, each one with 1–2 pseudopores. Large basal pore-chambers present. Primary orifice D-shaped, 0.078–0.102 (mean 0.091) mm long by 0.122–0.148 (mean 0.135) mm wide. Four to five oral spines, the proximal pair particularly thickened, club-shaped, present in ovicellate zooids. Ascopore in the distal half of autozooid, with smooth rim oval to reniform separated from primary orifice by 0.07–0.10 mm; lumen crescentic, with small delicate denticulations. Ooecium acleithral, globular, prominent, 0.198–0.230 (mean 212) mm long by 0.209–0.261 (mean 242) mm wide, with smooth surface surrounded by a single series of marginal pores. Ancestrula tatiform, with 10 peripheral spines. Daughter zooids budded mid-distally and distolaterally, small. Embryos, yellow in life, present in August. Remarks Fenestrulina barrosoi was described by Álvarez (1993) from material collected at 28–52 m depth close to the Alboran Island (SW Mediterranean). As for F. asturiasensis (see above) the present record is the first one for the Galician coast, but also the first one since its original description. The present record also proves for the first time the presence of F. barrosoi in the Atlantic Ocean. Álvarez (1993)indicatedthatadifference between F. barrosoi and Fenestrulina malusii (Audouin, 1826) was that the former grows on basal structures of seagrasses in the Alboran Sea whereas the later was collected encrusting shells. Nevertheless, in Galicia F. barrosoi was found growing on algae, a substrate also used by F. malusii in the Atlantic Ocean (Hayward and Ryland 1999; Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001). Therefore, the substrate does not seem to be a good diagnostic character. Family ESCHARINIDAE Tilbrook, 2006 Genus Herentia Gray, 1848 Herentia thalassae David and Pouyet, 1978 (Figure 5(a) JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 237 Herentia (Herentia)thalassae thalassae David and Pouyet 1978, part: 172, pl. 1, fig. 1. Herentia thalassae: Berning et al. 2008: 1524, fig. 4. Material examined St. 4: one colony on a stone (44.19667°N, 08.67667°W: Thalassa Y428, 500–522 m depth; MNHN IB-2013–578). St. 18: several eroded, ovicelled colonies on a mineralised whale bone (42.93333°N, 09.72833°W, 594 m depth (Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro 2001 as Escharina hyndmanni: MHNUSC-Bry 183, 184) (Figure 5(a)). Comparative material examined MNHN 9982: Holotype of Herentia (Herentia)thalassae thalassae, Thalassa U851, 520–530 m. Remarks Herentia thalassae has been recently redescribed by Berning et al. (2008), who establish the characters to differentiate it from the very similar species Herentia hyndmanni (Johnston, 1847) and indicate the difficulty to confirm the previous identifications without examining the original material. Herentia thalassae was described from the station Thalassa U851, coming from north of A Coruña at 520–530 m depth [MNHN 9982: Holotype; David and Pouyet 1978 as Herentia (Herentia)thalassae thalassae]. This reference was overlooked by Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro (2001). Herentia hyndmanni was reported from Galicia by d’Hondt (1974), but of all the material reported only the sample MNHN 7619 (station Thalassa U825, from west of Vigo at 480–520 m depth), seems to have been preserved. This sample was included and figured by Berning et al. (2008) in their redescription of H. thalassae. Furthermore, H. thalassae was originally described in other of the stations reported by d’Hondt (1974)(Thalassa U851). And finally, the unpublished locality where this species is reported in the present work (Thalassa Y428) is in the same area as those referred to by d’Hondt (1974). Therefore, it is possible that all the records by d’Hondt (1974) from northern Galicia identified as H. hyndmanni actually correspond to H. thalassae. Finally, the material reported by Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro (2001)as Escharina hyndmanni offFisterra at 128 m depth could not be revised, but the material collected at 594 m depth is revised here and its identification is corrected to H. thalassae. Herentia hyndmanni (Johnston, 1847) (Figure 5(b)) Lepralia hyndmanni Johnston, 1847: 306, pl. 54, fig. 6. Escharina hyndmanni: Hayward and Ryland 1999:232(part),fig s.95C,D,98A,B,non C. Herentia hyndmanni: Berning et al. 2008: 1516, fig. 1. Material examined 238 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. St. 6a: a young colony on a broken shell (Ría de Ferrol: Redonda, 43.46389°N, 08.26333° W, 8 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 658) (Figure 5(b)). Remarks According to Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro (2001,asEscharina hyndmanni), this species would have been cited in Galicia in three areas: in the Ría de Ferrol at 15–20 m depth; in several stations of the Thalassa north of A Coruña, between 380 m and 530 m depth; and in the Fisterra area, at 128 m and 594 m depth. However, following the redescription of the genus Herentia by Berning et al. (2008) there were doubts about whether H. hyndmanni is really present in Galicia or not. As already indicated in the previous species, the records from the Thalassa campaign and offFisterra possibly correspond entirely to H. thalassae. However, Berning et al. (2008, p. 1526) indicate that both species can coexist, so the presence of H. hyndmanni in these waters cannot be completely ruled out. The material originally reported from the Ría de Ferrol as E. hyndmanni (see Reverter Gil 1995) has not been conserved, so it could not be revised. Note on the one hand, however, that the 7 colonies collected at 15–20 m depth, some of them ovicellated, were formed by essentially flat autozooids and ovicells, which contrasts with the distally Figure 5. (a) Ovicelled and non-ovicelled zooids of Herentia thalassae (st. 18; MHNUSC-Bry 183); (b) young colony of Herentia hyndmanni (st. 6a; MHNUSC-Bry 658); (c) young autozooids of Buffonellaria muriella with adventitious and vicarious avicularia (st. 10; MHNUSC-Bry 492); (d) same, ovicelled zooids and vicarious avicularia (st. 11; MHNUSC-Bry 491). JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 239 elevated autozooids in H. thalassae provided with ooecias rising well above colony surface (see Figure 5(a,b)). On the other hand, a juvenile colony collected in Ferrol in 2004 in a station close to the original ones, at 8 m depth (Figure 5(b)), corresponds well to the description of H. hyndmanni by Berning et al. (2008). We can therefore confirm that this species exists in Galician waters. The presence of this species in Galicia is not surprising, considering that according to Berning et al. (2008)H. hyndmanni occurs off the western coasts of the British Isles and offsouthern Portugal, and Galicia is halfway between both areas. Family CELLEPORIDAE Johnston, 1838 Genus Buffonellaria Canu and Bassler, 1927 Buffonellaria muriella Berning and Kukliński, 2008 (Figure 5(c,d)) Schizoporella biaperta (Michelin, 1848): Hincks 1880: 255, pl. 40, fig. 7–9. Buffonellaria divergens (Smitt, 1873): Hayward and Ryland 1999: 356, fig. 167; fig. 183C, D (as Stephanollona armata). Buffonellaria muriella Berning and Kukliński, 2008: 549, figs. 1A, 2A, 8A–F. Material examined St. 10: two small colonies on a broken urchin test and a gastropod shell (43.47806°N, 08.97083°W, 172 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 492, 493) (Figure 5(c)). St. 11: one ovicelled colony (43.39667°N, 09.18139°W, 186 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 491) (Figure 5(d)). Description Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial. Autozooids elongate oval to roughly hexagonal, 0.374–0.441 (mean 0.404) mm long by 0.309–0.378 (mean 0.340) mm wide, separated by shallow grooves obscured by secondary calcification; frontal wall slightly convex, smooth, initially with few pseudopores, becoming imperforate during later ontogeny; four to seven slit-like, marginal, areolar pores. Primary orifice variable in shape, 0.127–0.150 (mean 0.136) mm long by 0.104–0.129 (mean 0.118) mm wide; anter roughly oval in outline; poster with a deep and rounded V-shaped sinus, occupying about two thirds of the total width; condyles conspicuous, relatively broad, blunt, shorter than the proximal margins. Small oral avicularia single or paired, rarely absent, 0.047–0.070 (mean 0.059) mm long by 0.035–0.053 (mean 0.042) mm wide, situated on a slightly raised cystid, frontal plane at an acute angle to colony surface; rostrum semi-elliptical, directing proximally or proximolaterally; crossbar complete, thin. Additional larger avicularia present in older areas of the colony, 0.116–0.190 (mean 0.147) mm long by 0.053–0.093 (mean 0.073) mm wide, arising from marginal pores of the autozooid, situated on large cystid; rostrum elongate triangular, narrowing distal to crossbar, becoming slender and parallel-sided distally, pointing in various directions; crossbar complete, occasionally with a small median columella. Ooecium globular, prominent, 0.164– 0.203 (mean 0.182) mm long by 0.182–0.207 (mean 0.192) mm wide, slightly broader than long. Ectooecium a broad smooth band, exposed entooecium roughly semicircular, relatively flat, marked with 14–18 (frequently 17) radiating tubercular ribs slightly thickening towards margin. 240 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. Remarks Buffonellaria muriella was recently introduced by Berning and Kukliński (2008) for several previous European records made as Schizoporella biaperta (Michelin, 1848) and as Buffonellaria divergens (Smitt, 1873). Confirmed records of B. muriella extend from the Irish Sea to the English Channel and the Netherlands (Berning and Kukliński 2008;De Blauwe 2009), and also in the southern part of the Adriatic and perhaps Naples (Berning and Kukliński 2008). In the Iberian Peninsula there are several records of S. biaperta and B. divergens, from both the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, but without complete descriptions and SEM figures it is not possible to deduce to which species those records belong. Thus, the present record of B. muriella confirms the presence of this species in Iberian waters. Our material (only three colonies) differs from the original description mainly by the biometries: autozooids, avicularia (both oral and frontal) and ovicells are clearly smaller in the Galician material, while primary orifices have a similar size, though also slightly smaller. Size of avicularia greatly differs from Adriatic material of the species, which presents even larger oral and frontal avicularia. However, the Galician material is similar to the Adriatic material in its smaller condyles, more ovicell ribs (frequently 17) and a less conspicuous columella in frontal avicularia. Our material could represent a combination of Atlantic and Mediterranean characters. Family PHIDOLOPORIDAE Gabb and Horn, 1862 Genus Schizotheca Hincks, 1877 Schizotheca divisa (Norman, 1864) (Figure 6(a)) Lepralia divisa Norman, 1864: 86, pl. 10, fig. 6. Schizotheca divisa (Norman): Hayward and Ryland 1999: 384, figs. 182, 183A, B. Material examined St. 6a: a small colony with embryos, on a broken shell (Ría de Ferrol: Redonda, 43.46389° N, 08.26333°W, 8 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 656) (Figure 6(a)). Description Colony forming a small round incrustation of about 20 zooids. Autozooids oval, small, 0.264–0.294 (mean 0.279) mm long by 0.190–0.266 (mean 0.222) mm wide, separated by fine sutures. Frontal wall smooth, imperforate, except for two or three marginal pseudopores. Primary orifice broader than long, suborbicular; distal border finely denticulate. Peristome well developed, with an asymmetrical, deep U-shaped notch that may close distally, and a number of denticles in the inner side. Six oral spines, reduced to two or four in ovicellate zooids. Avicularia not present in the single colony observed. Ovicell flattened frontally, elongate, immersed by calcification of succeeding zooids, with a narrow median fissure, closed proximally. Ancestrula overgrown, not seen. JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 241 Remarks According to Hayward and Ryland (1999)S. divisa is a rarely reported species, perhaps present only in the British Isles. However, the species was recently reported from the Netherlands by De Blauwe (2009). Therefore, the present record is the first one of S. divisa in Iberian waters, significantly expanding its geographical distribution to the south. Schizotheca galaica sp. nov. (Figure 6(b–d)) Type material Holotype.MHNUSC 10091: St. 13: a small ovicelled colony on a dead fragment of Porella compressa together with more species; 43.36639°N, 09.32778°W, 223 m depth. (Figure 6(b–d)). Figure 6. (a) Young colony of Schizotheca divisa (6a; MHNUSC-Bry 656); (b) ovicelled and nonovicelled zooids and adventitious avicularia of Schizotheca galaica sp. nov. (st. 13; Holotype: MHNUSC 10091); (c) same, primary orifice; (d) same, vicarious avicularia. 242 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. Etymology Alluding to the presence of this species in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula). Description Colony unilaminar, forming a crust. Autozooids oval to rhomboidal, 0.318–0.374 (mean 0.345) mm long by 0.258–0.303 (mean 0.280) mm wide, in alternating series separated by fine grooves, sometimes indistinct; frontal surface slightly convex, granular, imperforate except for up to four large marginal pores. Primary orifice as long as wide, 0.085–0.090 (mean 0.088) mm long by 0.083–0.088 (mean 0.086) mm wide; anter semicircular, with 16 closely spaced, blunt denticulations, and poster with a shallow U-shaped sinus occupying one third of the proximal margin, with large condyles reaching the edges of the sinus. Peristome well developed, with a small, quadrate pseudosinus at the proximal border. Six oral spines on the edge of the colony, generally reduced to two to four in calcified zooids, and to two in ovicellate ones. An adventitious avicularium proximolaterally to the orifice, inconstant, 0.077–0.103 (mean 0.091) mm long by 0.041–0.050 (mean 0.046) mm wide; mandible triangular, orientated laterally; foramen extensive, occupying half to two-thirds of the rostrum; cross bar fine and without columella. Vicarious avicularia smaller than the autozooids, 0.184–0.214 (mean 0.199) mm long by 0.063–0.086 (mean 0.075) mm wide, situated particularly on the edges of the colony and orientated towards the periphery; structure similar to that of the adventitious avicularia. The vicarious avicularium is more than twice the size of the adventitious avicularium (≈2.2 times). Ovicell partially immersed by secondary calcification, 0.192–0.195 mm long by 0.155–0.156 mm wide, imperforate, with a parallel-sided proximal fissure. An ancestrula was not observed. Remarks Schizotheca galaica sp. nov. is closely similar to Schizotheca carmenae Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro, 2007b, a species described from the Azores and south Portugal. Schizotheca galaica sp.nov.differs from it most obviously by the shape of the primary orifice: in S. carmenae it is longer than wide, with anter semielliptical with about 12 roughly triangular denticulations, widely spaced, and with poster concave, without sinus, with two small round condyles (Reverter-Gil and Fernández- Pulpeiro 2007b, p. 1939, fig. 4C); in S. galaica sp. nov. the primary orifice is as wide as long, with anter semicircular with about 16 closely spaced, blunt denticulations, and poster with a shallow U-shaped sinus occupying one third of the proximal margin, with large condyles reaching the edges of the sinus (Figure 6(c)). Moreover, the autozooids and the avicularia, especially the adventitious one, are smaller in S. galaica sp. nov., and the shape of the proximal fissure of the ovicell is different in both species. Schizotheca galaica sp. nov. shows some similarities with Schizotheca fissa (Busk, 1856), a species also present in Galicia, but differs most obviously by the presence of adventitious avicularia, absent in S. fissa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 243 Genus Dentiporella Barroso, 1927 Dentiporella saldanhai Souto, Reverter-Gil and Fernández-Pulpeiro, 2010 (Figure 7(a–d)) Dentiporella saldanhai Souto et al., 2010: 1429, fig. 9. Material examined St. 15: a large ovicelled colony on a dead coral (43.29139°N, 09.20667°W, 143 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 508) (Figure 7(a–d)). Description Colony multilaminar, forming an extensive crust. Autozooids with thick frontal shield finely granular, bordered by a single series of marginal pores. Primary orifice D-shaped, as wide as long. Distal rim with 14–19 widely spaced denticles. Proximal rim straight to shallowly concave; small rounded condyles in the proximolateral corners. No oral spines. Peristome thick and deep, but not obscuring the primary one. A stout, columnar, median suboral umbo, spiky at the apex; the umbo bears an avicularium, facing towards the orifice and directed upwards. The avicularium may be either small, with oval rostrum, placed at the basis of the umbo; or large, with triangular rostrum distally hooked. A short uncinate process projects from the base of avicularia, facing a shallow lateral notch in the peristome. Small frontal oval avicularia are sporadically budded from the marginal pores. Ovicell globular, smooth, flat frontally, projecting vertically above peristome rim. Frontal ectooecium partly membranous. Remarks Dentiporella saldanhai was only recently described from material collected in the Algarve (S Portugal) at 19–20 m depth (Souto et al. 2010). As far as we are aware, the species was not reported again, and therefore the present record is not only the first one of D. saldanhai for the Galician coast but also the first one since the original description of the species. Genus Reteporella Busk, 1884 Reteporella couchii (Hincks, 1878) (Figure 7(e,f)) Retepora couchii Hincks, 1878: 355, pl. 18, figs. 1–6. Reteporella couchii: Hayward and Ryland 1999: 370, figs. 173, 174. Material examined St. 8: an ovicelled fragment, about 2 × 2 cm (43.54167°N, 08.43722°W, 94 m depth; MHNUSC-Bry 501) (Figure 7(e,f)). St. 19: young colonies on a whale bone (42.80833°N, 09.39500°W, 128 m depth) (MHNUSC-Bry 403, 410). Remarks According to Hayward and Ryland (1999), R. couchii is a widespread species distributed in the Mediterranean, ranging northwards to west Norway and the Faroes, and southwards to the Gulf of Ghana. Offthe Iberian Peninsula it has been reported in several localities in the 244 O. REVERTER-GIL ET AL. 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