Estudio de algas para consumo humano producidas y manufacturadas en Galicia : evaluación de su seguridad alimentaria

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  &    \ [   &    \ [         5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ   7DEOD;/tPLWHVGHGHWHFFLyQ\FXDQWLILFDFLyQGHORV3&%V $QDOLWR /' P9 /4 P9  5HFWD /'JO /4JO 3&%   \ [±   3&%   \ [   3&%   \ [   3&%   \ [±   3&%   \ [±   3&%   \ [   3&%   \ [   3&%   \ [±   3&%   \ [   3&%   \ [   3&%   \ [   3&%   \ [±    3UHFLVLyQGHODWpFQLFDGHLQ\HFFLyQ  3DUDGHWHUPLQDUODSUHFLVLyQGHODPHGLGDRFKRDOtFXRWDVGHODPLVPDVROXFLyQ IXHURQ LQ\HFWDGDV HQ HO FURPDWyJUDIR GH JDVHV (Q HO FDVR GH ORV KLGURFDUEXURV DOLIiWLFRV VH HPSOHy XQD VROXFLyQ GH  PJO \ SDUD ORV SROLFORURELIHQLORV XQD VROXFLyQGHPJO/RVUHVXOWDGRVVHSUHVHQWDQHQODVWDEODV;,\;,,  7DEOD;,3UHFLVLyQGHODWpFQLFDGHLQ\HFFLyQGHORVKLGURFDUEXURVDOLIiWLFRV  3ULVWDQR &   &   &   &   &   &   &   &   56'             7DEOD;,,3UHFLVLyQGHODWpFQLFDGHLQ\HFFLyQGHORVSROLFORURELIHQLORV 3&%        56'               5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ  (VWXGLRVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQ   3DUDHOHVWXGLRGHODUHFXSHUDFLyQ\SUHFLVLyQGHOPpWRGRXQDPXHVWUDGHODOJD 8QGDULD SLQQDWLILGD VH VREUHFDUJy SRU VH[WXSOLFDGR FRQ GRV QLYHOHV GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQGHODVVROXFLRQHVSDWUyQ\PJOSDUDORVKLGURFDUEXURV\\ PJOSDUDORV3&%V\VHVRPHWLyDORVGRVSURFHVRVGHH[WUDFFLyQ)LJXUDV /RVSRUFHQWDMHVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQ\ODVGHVYLDFLRQHVHVWiQGDUUHODWLYDV56'VH PXHVWUDQHQODVWDEODV;,,,\;,9  3UHYLDPHQWHDODUHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWDVSUXHEDVHODOJD8QGDULDSLQQDWLILGDVH DQDOL]ySRUVH[WXSOLFDGRSDUDFRPSUREDUODSUHVHQFLDGHORVDQDOLWRVLQYHVWLJDGRV\ ORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVIXHURQWRPDGRVHQFRQVLGHUDFLyQDODKRUDGHFDOFXODUORV SRUFHQWDMHVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQ  7DEOD;,,,3RUFHQWDMHVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQ\56'REWHQLGRVSDUDORVKLGURFDUEXURV DOLIiWLFRV 6)( 6R[KOHW 6REUHFDUJD PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  56' 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  56' 3ULVWDQR           &            &            &            &            &            &            &            &            5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ   (Q HO FDVR GH ORV KLGURFDUEXURV OD SUHFLVLyQ SDUD DPERV PpWRGRV GH H[WUDFFLyQH[SUHVDGDFRPRODGHVYLDFLyQHVWiQGDUHQSRUFHQWDMHKDVLGREXHQD/RV GDWRVVHUHFRJHQHQODWDEOD;,,,REWHQLHQGRHQODPD\RUSDUWHGHORVFDVRV56' VDOYRHQHOFDVRGHOSULVWDQR  &RQVLGHUDQGR ORV KLGURFDUEXURV GH IRUPD LQGLYLGXDO ORV UHVXOWDGRV GH UHFXSHUDFLyQREWHQLGRVSDUDORVFRPSXHVWRVGHEDMRSXQWRGHHEXOOLFLyQSULVWDQR\ &   H[WUDtGRV SRU 6)( VRQ PHQRUHV GH OR HVSHUDGR SUREDEOHPHQWH GHELGR D SpUGLGDVSRUHYDSRUDFLyQGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRRGHELGRDTXHODGXUDFLyQGHODHWDSD GH H[WUDFFLyQ GHO SURJUDPD GH 6)(  PLQ HV LQVXILFLHQWH SDUD OD REWHQFLyQ FRPSOHWDGHORVKLGURFDUEXURVDOLIiWLFRV6LQHPEDUJRKD\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXH HVWHWLHPSRHVHOPiVDGHFXDGRSDUDODH[WUDFFLyQVLPXOWiQHDGHORVFRPSXHVWRV  )LJXUD&URPDWRJUDPDGH8QGDULDH[WUDtGDSRU6)(VREUHFDUJDPJO   )LJXUD&URPDWRJUDPDGH8QGDULDH[WUDtGDSRU6R[KOHWVREUHFDUJDPJO 5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ  7DEOD;,93RUFHQWDMHVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQ\56'REWHQLGRVSDUDORV SROLFORURELIHQLORV 6)( 6R[KOHW 6REUHFDUJD PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  56' 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  56' 3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%           3&%              3DUDORVSROLFORURELIHQLORVVHREWLHQHQPHMRUHVUHVXOWDGRVGHSUHFLVLyQHQOD H[WUDFFLyQSRU6R[KOHWTXHFRQHOH[WUDFWRUGHIOXLGRVVXSHUFUtWLFRV  (QODH[WUDFFLyQGHORVSROLFORURELIHQLORVDEDMDVFRQFHQWUDFLRQHVSRU6R[KOHW VHSURGXFHQLQWHUIHUHQFLDVHQWUHODPXHVWUD\ORVWLHPSRVGHUHWHQFLyQGHORV3&%V      \  SRU OR TXH D HVDV FRQFHQWUDFLRQHV HVWRV DQDOLWRV QR SXHGHQVHUGHWHUPLQDGRVSRUHVWDWpFQLFD6LQ HPEDUJR ODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHHVWRV 3&%VWLHQHXQJUDQLQWHUpV\DTXHVRQFRQJpQHUHVGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDGHELGRDVXV 5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ  &RPSDUDQGRODVGRVWpFQLFDVGHH[WUDFFLyQXWLOL]DGDVVHREVHUYDTXHDSHVDU GHTXHHVQHFHVDULDXQDHWDSDGHSXULILFDFLyQODH[WUDFFLyQFRQIOXLGRVVXSHUFUtWLFRV HV XQ SURFHVR PXFKR PiV UiSLGR TXH OD H[WUDFFLyQ SRU 6R[KOHW DVt PLHQWUDV OD SULPHUDHPSOHDXQWLHPSR GHH[WUDFFLyQGHPLQXWRV \ POGHVROYHQWHVOD ~OWLPD QHFHVLWD  KRUDV GH H[WUDFFLyQ VHJXLGD GH XQD IDVH GH HYDSRUDFLyQ GHO VROYHQWHXVDQGRDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHPOGHVROYHQWHVRUJiQLFRV  (Q PXFKRV HVWXGLRV ORV FRQWDPLQDQWHV SXHGHQ VHU DQDOL]DGRV GLUHFWDPHQWH WUDV OD H[WUDFFLyQ FRQ IOXLGRV VXSHUFUtWLFRV VLQ XQD HWDSD GH SXULILFDFLyQ VLQ HPEDUJR HVWD HWDSD KD VLGR QHFHVDULD GHELGR D OD JUDQ FDQWLGDG GH SLJPHQWRV SUHVHQWHV HQ ODV DOJDV TXH FRHOX\HQ FRQ ORV DQDOLWRV LQYHVWLJDGRV \ TXH SRGUtDQ LQWHUIHULUHQHODQiOLVLV\FRQWDPLQDUODFROXPQD   &RUUHODFLyQHQWUHORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVXVDQGRDPERVPpWRGRV  6H KDQDQDOL]DGR HVWDGtVWLFDPHQWHORVGDWRVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQ REWHQLGRVSDUD ORVKLGURFDUEXURV DOLIiWLFRV GHWHUPLQDQGRODVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHODVUHFXSHUDFLRQHV REWHQLGDVPHGLDQWHHOWHVWSDUDPXHVWUDVUHODFLRQDGDVHLQGHSHQGLHQWHV3 /RVUHVXOWDGRVUHYHODQTXHQRH[LVWHQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLILFDWLYDV3!SDUDORVQ DOFDQRVGHFDGHQDODUJD&  &  FXDQGRVHUHDOL]DODVREUHFDUJDFRQQLYHOHVDOWRV GHFRQFHQWUDFLyQPLHQWUDVTXHODWpFQLFDGH6)(PXHVWUDXQDHILFDFLDGHH[WUDFFLyQ VLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHPHQRU3SDUDORVDOFDQRVGHFDGHQDFRUWDSULVWDQR&   &   (QHOFDVRGHORVSROLFORURELIHQLORVHQHOQLYHOGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQPi[LPRQR VH HQFRQWUDURQ GLIHUHQFLDV VLJQLILFDWLYDV 3 ! HQ ODV UHFXSHUDFLRQHV PHGLDV REWHQLGDVSDUDORV3&%V\\VtSDUDORV3&%V \DOLJXDOTXHHQORVHVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRVSRU%RZDGW\FRO\ SRU6FKDQW]\FRO    5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ   7DEOD;9,,,1LYHOHVGHSROLFORURELIHQLORVHQFRQWUDGRVHQODVDOJDVJDOOHJDV &RQFHQWUDFLyQ QJJVV 1~PHURGH PXHVWUD 1RPEUHFLHQWtILFR 3&% 6)(  /DPLQDULDRFKUROHXFD          +LPDQWKDOLDHORQJDWD          3RUSK\UDVS          +LPDQWKDOLDHORQJDWD          6DFFRUKL]DSRO\VFKLGHV          3DOPDULDVS          8QGDULDSLQQDWtILGD   +LPDQWKDOLDHORQJDWD          +LPDQWKDOLDHORQJDWD          /DPLQDULDRFKUROHXFD          8QGDULDSLQQDWtILGD   8QGDULDSLQQDWtILGD   8QGDULDSLQQDWLILGD          /DPLQDULDRFKUROHXFDHK\SHUERUHD          5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ  7DEOD;,;1LYHOHVGHSROLFORURELIHQLORVHQFRQWUDGRVHQDOJDVGHRWURVRUtJHQHV  &RQFHQWUDFLyQ QJJVV 1~PHURGH PXHVWUD 1RPEUHFLHQWtILFR 3&% 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   &      &        /D PH]FOD GH +LPDQWKDOLD\6DFFRUKL]D VH VREUHFDUJy D GRV QLYHOHV GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQ\PJNJH[SHULPHQWRV\HQHVWRVGRVFDVRVVHHPSOHDURQ 5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ   JGHPXHVWUDHQYH]GHORVJHPSOHDGRVHQORVHVWXGLRVDQWHULRUHVFRQODVRWUDV GRVPXHVWUDVSRUTXHVHGLVSRQtDGHSRFDFDQWLGDGGHPXHVWUD  7DEOD;,,([SHULPHQWRVREUHFDUJDGHDOJDVPDUURQHVFRQPJNJGHHVWiQGDU   &DQWLGDGDxDGLGD PJO &DQWLGDGUHFXSHUDGD PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  &     1DIWDOHQR    &     &     )OXRUHQR    &     $QWUDFHQR    )OXRUDQWHQR    3LUHQR    &     &      7DEOD;,,,([SHULPHQWRVREUHFDUJDGHDOJDVPDUURQHVFRQPJNJGHHVWiQGDU   &DQWLGDGDxDGLGD PJO &DQWLGDGUHFXSHUDGD PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  &     1DIWDOHQR    &     &     )OXRUHQR    &     $QWUDFHQR    )OXRUDQWHQR    3LUHQR    &     &      3XHVWR TXH VH KDQ UHDOL]DGR GRV UHSOLFDGRV GH OD H[WUDFFLyQ GH 8QGDULD VREUHFDUJDGDFRQPJNJGHFRQWDPLQDQWHH[SHULPHQWRV\VHKDFDOFXODGRHO HUURU FRPHWLGR HQ OD H[WUDFFLyQ TXH SXHGH VHU GHELGR D TXH HO IORULVLO VH KD\D GHVDFWLYDGR SDUFLDOPHQWH \D TXH HQWUH ODV GRV H[WUDFFLRQHV KD WUDQVFXUULGR XQD VHPDQD 5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ    7DEOD;,9&RPSDUDFLyQGHODUHFXSHUDFLyQREWHQLGDVREUHFDUJDQGR8QGDULDFRQ PJNJGHFRQWDPLQDQWH  ([SHULPHQWR ([SHULPHQWR 0HGLD 6' 56' &       1DIWDOHQR      &       &       )OXRUHQR      &       $QWUDFHQR      )OXRUDQWHQR      3LUHQR      &       &        &RPSDUDQGRODVUHFXSHUDFLRQHVREWHQLGDVDFRQFHQWUDFLRQHVEDMDVSDUDODV PXHVWUDV GH 8QGDULD \ GH DOJDV PDUURQHV VH REVHUYDQ JUDQGHV GLIHUHQFLDV TXH SXHGHQVHUGHELGDVDXQHUURUPDQXDOSXHVWRTXHODFDQWLGDGGHVROXFLyQGHHVWiQGDU DxDGLGDHUDPX\SHTXHxD\OGHHVWiQGDUUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHSXHVWRTXHD FRQFHQWUDFLRQHVDOWDVORVUHVXOWDGRVVHREWLHQHQUHVXOWDGRVPX\VLPLODUHV  7DEOD;9&RPSDUDFLyQGHUHFXSHUDFLRQHVREWHQLGDVFRQ8QGDULD\DOJDVPDUURQHV PJNJ   8QGDULD 0HGLDH[SHULPHQWRV\ $OJDVPDUURQHV ([SHULPHQWR &    1DIWDOHQR   &    &    )OXRUHQR   &    $QWUDFHQR   )OXRUDQWHQR   3LUHQR   &    &      5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ   ([WUDFFLyQ$VLVWLGDFRQ0LFURRQGDV   3UHYLDPHQWHDODH[WUDFFLyQVHKDQOOHYDGRDFDERHVWXGLRVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQ VREUHFDUJDQGRODVPXHVWUDVFRQODVFDQWLGDGHVDSURSLDGDVGHSDWURQHVSDUDREWHQHU XQDFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHFRQWDPLQDQWHHQODPXHVWUDGHPJNJ   7DEOD;9,(VTXHPDGHORVHVWXGLRVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQUHDOL]DGRV ([SHUL PHQWR 0XHVWUD 3HVRPXHVWUD J &DQWLGDGDxDGLGDGHHVWiQGDU 6REUHFDUJD  8QGDULD  O3$+>PJO@O+$>PJO@ PJNJ  $FLGRK~PLFR  O3$+>PJO@O+$>PJO@ PJNJ  $OJDVPDUURQHV  O3$+>PJO@O+$>PJO@ PJNJ   6H KDQSUHSDUDGR GRVEODQFRV GH 8QGDULD SLQQDWtILGD \ GHiFLGR K~PLFR VLJXLHQGRHOPLVPRSURFHGLPLHQWRSHURHQYH]GHVREUHFDUJDUORVFRQORVSDWURQHVVH OHVKDDxDGLGRODPLVPDFDQWLGDGGHQKH[DQR1RKDVLGRSRVLEOHUHDOL]DUXQEODQFR FRQODPXHVWUDGHDOJDVPDUURQHVSRUTXHQRVHGLVSRQtDGHVXILFLHQWHFDQWLGDGGH PXHVWUD  0XHVWUD 3HVRPXHVWUDJ &DQWLGDGDxDGLGDGHVROYHQWH 8QGDULD  OQKH[DQR $FLGRK~PLFR  OQKH[DQR    /RVSRUFHQWDMHVGHUHFXSHUDFLyQGHKLGURFDUEXURVREWHQLGRVHQFDGDFDVRVH UHFRJHQHQODVVLJXLHQWHVWDEODV     5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ     7DEOD;9,,([SHULPHQWRVREUHFDUJDGH8QGDULDFRQPJNJGHHVWiQGDU  &DQWLGDGDxDGLGD PJO &DQWLGDGUHFXSHUDGD PJO %ODQFR PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  &      1DIWDOHQR     &      &      )OXRUHQR     &      $QWUDFHQR     )OXRUDQWHQR     3LUHQR     &      &         7DEOD;9,,,([SHULPHQWRVREUHFDUJDGHiFLGRK~PLFRFRQPJNJGHHVWiQGDU   &DQWLGDGDxDGLGD PJO &DQWLGDGUHFXSHUDGD PJO %ODQFR PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  &      1DIWDOHQR     &      &      )OXRUHQR     &      $QWUDFHQR     )OXRUDQWHQR     3LUHQR     &      &            5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ    7DEOD;,;([SHULPHQWRVREUHFDUJDGHDOJDVPDUURQHVFRQPJNJGHHVWiQGDU   &DQWLGDGDxDGLGD PJO &DQWLGDGUHFXSHUDGD PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  &     1DIWDOHQR    &     &     )OXRUHQR    &     $QWUDFHQR    )OXRUDQWHQR    3LUHQR    &     &        &RPSDUDFLyQGHODVUHFXSHUDFLRQHVREWHQLGDVPHGLDQWHORVPpWRGRV GH H[WUDFFLyQGHXOWUDVRQLGRV\PLFURRQGDV   (QODVLJXLHQWHWDEOD;;VHKDQUHVXPLGR\FRPSDUDGRODVUHFXSHUDFLRQHV REWHQLGDV SDUD ORV KLGURFDUEXURV DOLIiWLFRV \ ORV KLGURFDUEXURV DURPiWLFRV SROLFtFOLFRV HQ ORV WUHV WLSRV GH PXHVWUDV HPSOHDGDV VREUHFDUJDGDV FRQ XQD FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH  PJ GH FRQWDPLQDQWHNJ GH PXHVWUD VRPHWLGDV D ORV GRV PpWRGRVGHH[WUDFFLyQHVWXGLDGRV         5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ    7DEOD;;5HFXSHUDFLRQHVREWHQLGDVSRUDPERVPpWRGRVGHH[WUDFFLyQ  8/75$621,'26 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)OXRUHQR    &     $QWUDFHQR    )OXRUDQWHQR    3LUHQR    &     &         5HVXOWDGRV\GLVFXVLyQ   ([SHULPHQWR 0XHVWUD8QGDULDSLQQDtLILGD $GVRUEHQWHHPSOHDGR6tOLFD  7DEOD;;,,,([SHULPHQWRVREUHFDUJDGH8QGDULDFRQPJNJGHHVWiQGDU  &DQWLGDGDxDGLGD PJO &DQWLGDGUHFXSHUDGD PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  &     1DIWDOHQR    &     &     )OXRUHQR    &     $QWUDFHQR    )OXRUDQWHQR    3LUHQR    &     &      ([SHULPHQWR 0XHVWUD8QGDULDSLQQDWtILGD $GVRUEHQWHHPSOHDGR$O~PLQD  7DEOD;;,9([SHULPHQWRVREUHFDUJDGH8QGDULDFRQPJNJGHHVWiQGDU  &DQWLGDGDxDGLGD PJO &DQWLGDGUHFXSHUDGD PJO 5HFXSHUDFLyQ  &     1DIWDOHQR    &     &     )OXRUHQR    &     $QWUDFHQR    )OXRUDQWHQR   3LUHQR    &     &    