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B!07!$+"%+o!60!72/!H2:2/!J?0D!/?1.62/!.!72/!014:462/!92=!C;S!6?=.5:0!7.!/0/485!60!45H0/:46?=.D! /4:?.<.5!60!5?0H2!.!O=:?=!N./!3212!*"-6%I-&,.60!7..J-&-"#5%,#,"!O!90/.=!60!52!9=26?34=/0!3.1<42/! /4E54I43.:4H2/!05!07!J0S-"&D!7.!.=4:1W:43.!9.=7.105:.=4.!/?I=G.!1264I43.34250/!:=./!7.!4==?93485!60!7.! S[>D!J?0!72E=.<.!$!649?:.62/"!! !Tabla 3. Resultados electorales: elecciones al Parlament de Catalunya (2012) Partido político o candidatura!Votos!%!Escaños! Convergència i Unió (CiU)! 1.116.259! 30.71 50 Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya-Catalunya Sí (ERC-Cat SÍ)! 498.124! 13.70! 21! Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC-PSOE)! 524.707! 14.43! 20! Partit Popular Català (PPC)! 471.681! 12.98 19! Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds-Esquerra Unida i Alternativa (ICV-EUiA) 359.705 9.90 13 Ciutadans (C´s)! 275.007! 7.57! 9! Candidatura d'Unitat Popular - Alternativa d´Esquerres (CUP-Alt. Esq.)! 106.154! 3.39! 3! 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En Comú Podem (EN COMÚ)! 929.880! 24.71 12 Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya-Catalunya Sí (ERC-CATSI) ! 601.782! 15.99! 9! Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC-PSOE)! 590.274! 15.69! 8! Democràcia i Llibertat. Convergència. Demòcrates (DL)! 567.253! 15.08 8! Ciudadanos-Partido de la ciudadanía (C´s) 490.872 13.05 5 Partido Popular (PP)! 418.369! 11.12! 5! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los resultados electorales recogidos en la página web del Ministerio del Interior: http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/infoelectoral/min/ ! -.! 32==?93485! :.1<4W5! .3.9.=.=G.! <?05.! 9.=:0! 60! 72/! :4:?7.=0/! 05! 72/! 64I0=05:0/! 10642/! 60! 321?543.3485D! /?/34:.562! 3=?30/! 60! .3?/.34250/! 05:=0! 7./! 64/:45:./! I2=1.34250/! 927G:43./"! -./! 6037.=.34250/!.5:0!07!F?0_!60!\2=64!>?F27!05!=07.3485!325!?5!6074:2!60!I=.?60!I4/3.7!12:4H.=G.5!/?! ! '!N405:=./!SRS!05I.:4_.<.!05!07!62<70!/GD![RS!.92B.<.!7.!9=410=.!9=0E?5:.!hGij)%-"-.V)-.C#,#5)K#.6-#.)&.=6,#I0kYnD!90=2!2:2=E.<.! 74<0=:.6!60!H2:2!05!=07.3485!325!7.!/0E?56.!mX=&.A#60.#!%"$#,%S0a.iV)%-"-.V)-.-6,-.=6,#I0.6-#.%&I-*-&I%-&,-kYn"! Partido Popular (PP) Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los resultados electorales recogidos en la página web del Ministerio del Interior: http://www.i ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! $%! 3219.=030534.!05!7.!32==0/9256405:0!3214/485!60!45H0/:4E.3485!607!M#"5#$-&,D!.!7.!J?0!:.1<4W5! .3?64=G.5!05!H.=4./!23./4250/!O=:?=!N./!B!L=427!>?F27D!3?B.!I.1474.!I?0!I45.7105:0!419?:.6.!92=!/?! 9=0/?5:.!9.=:4349.3485!05!?5.!:=.1.!2=E.54_.6.!9.=.!05=4J?030=/0!60!I2=1.!47G34:."!C5!07!1.=32!607! 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J?0D! 325H23.62/!05!37.H0!970<4/34:.=4.D!97.5:0.<.5!7.!64/B?5:4H.!05:=0!7.!456090560534.!2!7.!90=1.50534.! 60!S.:.7?^.!05!C/9.^."!-2/!=0/?7:.62/D!I.H2=.<70/!.7!<72J?0!/030/4254/:.D!/0=H4=G.5!9.=.!J?0!\PMG!B! S[>!60I05640/05!7.!70E4:4146.6!60!/?!9=2B03:2!m].<7.!,!B!q=VI432!)n"! !Tabla 5. Resultados electorales: elecciones al Parlament de Catalunya (2015) Partido político o candidatura!Votos!%!Escaños! Junts Pel Sí (JxSÍ) ! 1.628.714! 39.59 62 Ciutadans (C´s)! 736.364! 17.90! 25! Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC-PSOE)! 523.283! 12.72! 16! Catalunya Sí que es Pot (CSQP)! 367.613! 8.94 11! Partit Popular Català (PPC) 349.193 8.49 11 Candidatura d'Unitat Popular-Crida Constituent (CUP-CC)! 337.794! 8.21! 10! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los resultados electorales recogidos en la página web del Parlament de Catalunya: https://www.parlament.cat/document/composicio/150360.pdf Gráfico 4. Composición Parlament de Catalunya tras el 27-S (2015) ! ! ].5!/272!?5!6G.!60/9?W/D!7.!45H0/:4E.3485!607!]M\S!325:=.!O=:?=!N./D!\2.5.!L=:0E.!0!f=050!;4E.?! 32537?G.!.!I.H2=!60!/?!419?:.3485!92=!9=0/?5:.!60/2<0640534.!05!7.!325/?7:.!607!'Q`"!S2105_.<.D! ./GD!?5.!IW==0.!60I05/.!92=!07!60=03@2!70EG:412!60!S.:.7?^.!9.=.!603464=!/?!I?:?=2!J?0!.?9.=G.!.!72/! 1401<=2/!607!J0S-"&!3212!.J?0772/!/0=H462=0/!9K<7432/!J?0!640=25!H2_!.7!1.56.:2!60123=V:432!60! ! (+!S2.743485!45:0E=.6.!92=!1401<=2/!60!SRSD!C;SD!O`SD!d$&%)$.C)5,)"#5D!4660A%#A%Q.I-.T)&%A%*%6.*-".5#.R&I-*-&IX&A%#.mONfnD! T0S%$-&,.IY=6V)-""-6!mNCMnD!>-#'")*#$-&,D!B!<-$mA"#,-6!I-.C#,#5)&+#.mRSn"! ((!>27G:432!.5:0=42=105:0!./234.62!.!R&%A%#,%S#.*-".C#,#5)&+#.;-"I6!mfShnD!9.=:462!05:2530/!45:0E=.62!05!7.!3.5646.:?=.!C#,#5)&+#.3%. V)-.-6.M0,.mSMk>n!F?5:2!325!>26012/QM0I-$!B!M"0Ao6!C0&6,%,)-&,"! ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los resultados electorales recogidos en la página web del Parlament de Catalunya: https://www.parlament.cat/document/composicio/150360.pdf ].5!/272!?5!6G.!60/9?W/D!7.!45H0/:4E.3485!607!]M\S!325:=.!O=:?=!N./D!\2.5.!L=:0E.!0!f=050!;4E.?! 32537?G.!.!I.H2=!60!/?!419?:.3485!92=!9=0/?5:.!60/2<0640534.!05!7.!325/?7:.!607!' ./GD!?5.!IW==0.!60I05/.!92=!07!60=03@2!70EG:412!60!S.:.7?^.!9.=. ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`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`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q2<40=52!J?0! 72E=./0!.?5.=!?5.!1.B2=G.!/?I43405:0!9.=.!/?!.9=2<.3485D!12:4H.=G.!7.!64/27?3485!60!7./!S2=:0/"!-2/! 5?0H2/!3214342/D! 3070<=.62/!07! #*!60!F?542D! 325/2746.=G.5!.! C;S!3212!I?0=_.!@0E018543.!607! 4560905605:4/12!05!S.:.7?^.!m].<7.!*n"!`2!2</:.5:0D!52!/0=G.!@./:.!07!#'!60!23:?<=0D!$++!6G./! 60/9?W/!60!7./!K7:41./!070334250/!07!9./.62!#+QRD!3?.562!N.=4.52!;.F2BD!:=./!/?90=.=!7.!/0/485!60! 45H0/:46?=.D!0=.!521<=.62!9=0/4605:0!607!q2<40=52"!! !Tabla 6. Resultados electorales: elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados en Cataluña (2016) Partido político o candidatura!Votos!%!Escaños! En Comú Podem-Guanyem El Canvi (ECP) ! 853.102 ! 24.53 12 Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya-Catalunya Sí (ERC-CATSÍ) ! 632.234! 18.18! 9! Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC-PSOE)! 559.870! 16.10! 7! Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC)! 483.488! 13.90 8! Partido Popular (PP) 464.538 13.36 6 Ciudadanos-Partido de la ciudadanía (C´s)! 380.497! 10.94! 5! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los resultados electorales recogidos en la página web del Ministerio del Interior: http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/infoelectoral/min/ ! >2=!2:=2!7.62D!7./!50E234.34250/!05:=0!\PMG!B!S[>!/0!45:05/4I43.=G.5!60/60!9=4534942/!60!.^2!9.=.!6.=! =0/9?0/:.! .7! 37.12=! 929?7.=! J?0! 601.56.<.! 7.! 325/:4:?3485! 60! ?5! 5?0H2! J0S-"&"! O=:?=! N./D! 9=45349.7!2</:V3?72!9.=.!07!.3?0=62D!=05?534.<.!I45.7105:0!.!/?!3.5646.:?=.!B!.3:.!60!649?:.62"! S06G.D!60!0/:0!1262D!.!7./!0P4E0534./!60!7.!S[>!J?0D!3212!325:=.9=0/:.3485D!.309:.<.!7.!XA-6%Q&Y! 60!62/!60!/?/!1401<=2/D!q.<=407.!M0==.!B!U050:!M.7077./D!.7!E=?92!9.=7.105:.=42!60!()&,6"!C7!(+!60! 050=2! :?H2! 7?E.=! 7.! /0/485! 60! 45H0/:46?=.! 05! 7.! J?0! S.=70/! >?4E60125:! /0! 325H4=:48! 05! 07! ($+t! *"-6%I-&,!60!7.!J-&-"#5%,#,.I-.C#,#5)&+#"!M?!.56.6?=.!927G:43.!52!32105_.<.!0P05:.!60!927W143."! 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J-&-"#5%,#,D! 7.! 453.?:.3485! 60! 1.:0=4.7! H453?7.62! 325! 07! =0I0=W56?1D! 2! 07! 9=0345:.62! 60! /060/! 0703:2=.70/"!-.!S[>D!92=!/?!9.=:0D!9=212H0=G.!7.!325/:4:?3485!60!72/!C0$%,X6.I-.<-!-&6#.I-.5#. >-*F15%A#!mSR;n"!C5!60I454:4H.D!/0EK5!/0^.7.<.5D!E=?92/!60!H27?5:.=42/!9.=.!E.=.5:4_.=!07!H2:2!60! :262/!.J?0772/!0703:2=0/!J?0!6034640/05!9.=:4349.=!05!7.!325/?7:."!! ! C7!(!60!23:?<=0!72/!3.:.7.50/!I?0=25!77.1.62/!.!7./!?=5./!9.=.!9=237.1.=!.!S.:.7?^.!3212!?5! 0/:.62! 45609056405:0! 05! I2=1.! 60! =09K<743.! mq=VI432! ,n"! -.! F2=5.6.D! J?0! 52! /0! 60/.==2778! 325! 52=1.746.6D!0/:?H2!1.=3.6.!92=!72/!4534605:0/!05:=0!72/!H2:.5:0/!B!72/!.E05:0/!927434.70/"!! !Gráfico 5. Resultados del referéndum del 1-O a la pregunta: « ¿Quiere que Cataluña sea un Estado independiente en forma de república?» ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los resultados recogidos en la página web de la Generalitat de Catalunya : https://govern.cat/salapremsa/notes-premsa/303541/governtrasllada-resultats-definitius-referendum-l1-doctubre-parlament-catalunya ! -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! )&! -./!77.1.6./!.7!64V72E2!B!7.!50E234.3485!92=!9.=:0!607!J0S-"&!I?0=25!325:45?./!.!I.H2=!60! ?5!5?0H2!126072!60!I45.534.3485D!9=410=2D!B!60!?5!=0I0=W56?1D!60/9?W/"!`2!2</:.5:0D!72/!.3?0=62/! 325!07!q2<40=52!=0/?7:.=25!1G5412/!05!.1<2/!3./2/D!0/9034.7105:0!05!=07.3485!325!7./!601.56./! /030/4254/:./"!]262!0772!9.=030!@.<0=!10=1.62!7./!0/90=.5_./!60!7.!/23406.6!05!:2=52!?5!9.3:2D!9?0/! 05!/?!1.B2=G.!325/460=.!9232!2!5.6.!9=2<.<70!07!2I=0341405:2!60!?5.!9=29?0/:.!E?<0=5.105:.7! .309:.<70!9.=.!7.!1.B2=G.!607!M#"5#$-&,!mq=VI432!(+!B!].<7.!((n"!! ! Gráfico 10..Probabilidad de que el gobierno español acabe ofreciendo un acuerdo aceptable para la mayoría del Parlament de Cataluña (2014-2017) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ 'Tabla 11. Probabilidad de que el gobierno español acabe ofreciendo un acuerdo aceptable para la mayoría del Parlament de Cataluña (2014-2017) Probabilidad de acuerdo (%)! 2014! 2015! 2016! 2017! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Nov.! Mar.! Nov.! Mar.! Muy probable! 5.9! 4.3! 5.5! 8.1! 6.1! 3.3! 5.1! Bastante probable! 17.8! 14.9! 16.0! 17.7! 15.1! 14.6! 12.5! Poco probable! 31.5! 31.6! 28.4! 33.0! 39.7! 33.3! 36.7! Nada probable! 33.2! 35.4! 36.1! 31.3! 30.9! 38.8! 41.9! NS! 11.0 ! 13.6 ! 13.5 ! 9.7 ! 8.1 ! 9.3 ! 3.5 ! NC! 0.6! 0.3! 0.5! 0.2! 0.1! 0.6! 0.3! Total! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ' ' ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! )'! 2(2(2('0?'EFABCEF?F'B?DE<B?>'FA'>?'@<DEAF?F'D?C?>?B?' -2/!6.:2/!64<?F.5!?5.!/23406.6!:.5!3.:.7.5.!3212!0/9.^27.!m].<7.!(#!B!].<7.!($n"!C/:0! /05:41405:2!4605:4:.=42D!60!3.=V3:0=!0J?4:.:4H2D!9=0/05:.!?5.!0H27?3485!50E.:4H.!J?0!/45!01<.=E2!52! .I03:.!.!/?!9=092560=.534."' !Tabla 12. Sentimiento identitario (2010-2013) Sentimiento identitario (%) 2010! 2011! 2012! 2013! Feb.! May.! Jul.! Nov.! Feb.! Jun.! Oct.! Mar.! Jun.! Nov.! Feb.! Jun.! Nov.! Solamente español/a! 6.6! 7.6! 6.7! 5.5! 5.3! 5.4! 5.0! 3.4! 4.0! 2.0! 2.9! 3.6! 4.4! Más español/a que catalán/a ! 4.1! 4.3! 4.5! 3.9! 3.7! 3.6! 3.3! 2.4! 3.5! 2.5! 2.7! 2.6! 2.1! Tan español/a que catalán/a! 45.1! 42.2! 38.9! 42.5! 42.7! 42.8! 39.3! 42.4! 37.3! 35.0! 35.1! 35.6! 33.3! Más catalán/a que español/a!25.4 ! 26.5 ! 28.1 ! 25.5 ! 27.0 ! 26.2 ! 29.5 ! 28.2 ! 30.2 ! 28.7 ! 27.9 ! 25.7 ! 26.6 ! Solamente catalán/a! 17.3! 17.8! 19.3! 20.3! 19.4! 20.2! 20.5! 21.1! 22.7! 29.6! 29.1! 31.0! 31.3! NS 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.6 0.6 1.1 NC! 0.6! 0.8! 1.3! 1.2! 1.2! 0.9! 1.1! 1.9! 1.8! 1.6! 0.7! 0.8! 1.3! TOTAL' 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ Tabla 13. Sentimiento identitario (2014-2018) Sentimiento identitario (%)! 2014! 2015! 2016! 2017! 2018! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Oct.! May.! Jul.! Nov.! Solamente español/a! 5.3! 4.4! 5.1! 5.6! 6.0! 5.1! 3.9! 4.7! 7.6! 6.7! 5.3! 5.9! 4.4! 5.1! Más español/a que catalán/a! 5.4! 6.7! 5.6! 4.5! 5.9! 5.7! 5.3! 6.2! 5.0! 5.3! 4.3! 5.1! 5.6! 4.9! Tan español/a que catalán/a ! 31.0 ! 31.2 ! 35.8 ! 38.7 ! 35.2 ! 33.8 ! 34.5 ! 38.7 ! 36.7 ! 39.2 ! 35.3 ! 32.9 ! 34.9 ! 33.1 ! Más catalán/a que español/a! 26.1! 26.3! 23.4! 22.3! 20.9! 24.2! 23.5! 23.7! 22.6! 21.5! 22.4! 22.8! 25.2! 21.6! Solamente catalán/a! 29.0! 29.2! 26.0! 25.3! 27.5! 26.3! 28.5! 22.9! 23.3! 22.8! 28.6! 28.1! 25.3! 28.2! NS!1.2!0.7!1.1!0.8!1.9!1.7!1.4!1.2!2.1!2.3!2.6!1.7!2.3!2.7! NC 1.9 1.6 3.1 2.8 2.6 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.3 1.6 3.5 2.4 4.5 TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! C5!3?.7J?40=!3./2D!325H4050!52!/2/7.B.=!07!3=0341405:2!@4/:8=432!60!72/!34?6.6.52/!J?0!/0!6037.=.5! /27.105:0!3.:.7.50/"!S25!?5!453=0105:2!607!(+o!60/60!07!.^2!#+(+!@./:.!07!#+(&D!0/:.!3.:0E2=G.!52! /272!/0!/4:K.!05!23./4250/!325!H.72=0/!30=3.52/!.!7.!.5:0=42=D!/452!J?0!/0!325/2746.!3212!/0E?56.! 293485!9=064703:.!.!I45.70/!607!#+(#!05!60:=4105:2!60!X$E6.A#,#5E&P#.V)-.-6*#K05P#Y!mq=VI432!((n"! M0!2=4E45.D!92=!:.5:2D!?5!:=./H./[email protected].!7.!9=0I0=0534.!J?0!=09=0/05:.!07!1.B2=!E=.62!60!3.:.7.54/12! J?0! 52! /0! =09=26?30! .! 7.! 45H0=/."! -2/! 4564H46?2/! J?0! =03252305! ?5.! 4605:46.6! 0/9.^27.! 9705.! mX605#$-&,-.-6*#K05P#Yn!2!6?.7D!325!1052=!9=0/0534.!60!/05:41405:2!3.:.7V5D!mX$E6.-6*#K05P#.V)-. A#,#5E&P#YnD!9=0/05:.5! H.72=0/! 1.=E45.70/!J?0!52! /0! 5?:=05!3212!325/03?0534.! 60! ?5!3741.!60! 927.=4_.3485"! ! ! -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! ,+! Gráfico 11. Sentimiento identitario (2010-2018) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! >0=2! bJ?W! @.! 12:4H.62! 7.! 0/3.7.6.! 607! /05:41405:2! 60! 4605:46.6! 0P37?/4H.105:0! 3.:.7.5.c! C5! =0/9?0/:.D!=09./.=012/!72/!/?30/2/!.325:03462/!05:=0!F?542!B!52H401<=0!607!.^2!#+(#D!90=4262!05!07! J?0!7.!34:.6.!3.:0E2=G.!0P90=4105:.!?5.!/?<46.!607!%o!J?0!7.!05/.7_.!B!.I4.5_.!05!07!:40192!@./:.!7.! /0E?56.!92/43485D!/272!/?90=.6.D!:.7!B!3212! @012/!.9?5:.62! 05!7G50./! .5:0=42=0/D!92=!.J?0772/! 34?6.6.52/!X,#&.-6*#K05-6P#6.V)-.A#,#5#&-6P#6Y"!S25!?5.!14=.6.!=0:=2/903:4H.D!7./!./94=.34250/!607! J0S-"&!05!.J?07!05:2530/!E4=.<.5!05!:2=52!.!7.!.9=2<.3485!607!9.3:2!I4/3.7D!3?B2!.3?0=62!/[email protected].! 0I03:4H2!05!07!M#"5#$-&,!.!I45.70/!607!10/!60!F?742"!-./!50E234.34250/!325!07!q2<40=52D!=260.6./!92=! ?5!3741.!60!E=.H0!3=4/4/!03258143.D!10646./!60!.?/:0=46.6!B!9=2:0/:./!/234.70/D!9.=03G.5!05=23.=/0! :=./! ?5./! 6037.=.34250/! 60! N.=4.52! ;.F2B! 05! 60I05/.! 607! .3:?.7! 126072! 60! I45.534.3485"! C5! =0/9?0/:.D!1401<=2/!607!0F03?:4H2!3.:.7V5!325!07!9=2942!*"-6%I-&,!.!7.!3.<0_.D!.5?534.<.5!?5.!5?0H.! 0/:=.:0E4.!60!32=:0!/2<0=.54/:.D!7.!325H23.:2=4.!60!?5.!325/?7:.!60!.?:260:0=145.3485D!B!070334250/! .5:4349.6./!9.=.!07!#,Q`"!S.:.7?^.!/0!05325:=.<.D!92=!:.5:2D!4510=/.!05!?5!0/305.=42!927G:432!45340=:2! B!60!1VP41.!:05/485!325!07!q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`D!7.!419?:.3485!60!S.=10! T2=3.6077D!2!7.!I.7:.!60!/292=:0!70E.7D!45/:4:?3425.7!0!45:0=5.3425.7D!926=G.5!/0=!.7E?5./!60!7./!3.?/./! [email protected]!325:=4<?462!.7!=0:=230/2!60!72/!34?6.6.52/!J?0!325!.5:0=42=46.6!/0!1.54I0/:.<.5!3405!92=! 3405!3.:.7.50/"!M4!<405!60/60!07!J0S-"&!325:45?.<.5!325!/?!@2F.!60!=?:[email protected].!7.!456090560534.D!7./! =0/27?34250/!60/I.H2=.<70/!607! ]S!.5?7.<.5!60!I2=1.!/4/:01V:43.!7./!10646./!.9=2<.6./!92=!07! M#"5#$-&,"!`2!2</:.5:0D!:=./!7.!F2=5.6.!607!(QL!72/!<.=810:=2/!60!2945485!9K<743.!=0I70F.5D!60!5?0H2D! ?5.!:0560534.!I.H2=.<70"!! ! ! [email protected]!325:=4<?462!.7!=0:=230/2!60!72/!34?6.6.52/! 3405!3.:.7.50/"! M4!<405!60/60!07! =0/27?34250/!60/I.H2=.<70/! M#"5#$-&, `2!2 < ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! ,(! O<2=6.562D! .@2=.D! 7.! 0/3.7.! J?0! =09=0/05:.! 07! E=.62! 60! 0/9.^274/12! B! 3.:.7.54/12D! 2</0=H.12/D!05!0/:0!K7:412!3./2D!?5!/0/E2!I.H2=.<70!J?0!/0!1?0/:=.!325/:.5:0!.!72!7.=E2!607!:40192! /45!.7:0=.34250/!/4E54I43.:4H./!m].<7.!()n"!! !Tabla 14. Escala españolismo-catalanismo (2014-2018) Escala (0-10), siendo 0 máximo españolismo y 10 máximo catalanismo! 2014! 2015! 2016! 2017! 2018! Abr. ! Mar. ! Jul. ! Nov. ! Mar. ! Jul. ! Nov. ! Mar. ! Jul. ! Oct. ! Jul. ! 6.30 ! 6.30 ! 6.20 ! 6.30 ! 6.20 ! 6.30 ! 6.10 ! 6.10 ! 6.00 ! 6.30 ! 6.20 ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ! C7!5.3425.74/12!3.:.7V5!m].<7.!(,n!.6J?40=0!?5!.7:2!E=.62!60!9=2:.E254/12!J?0!/0!1.5:4050!.7!.7_.! @./:.!52H401<=0!607!#+(#D!12105:2!05!07!J?0!72E=.!.73.5_.=!07!)'o!60!?5.!/23406.6!9705.105:0! 64H4646.D!B!2<:4050!/?!H.72=!1VP412!m,"'+n!05!7.!0/3.7.!5.3425.74/:.!m].<7.!(*n"!-2/!34?6.6.52/!J?0! /0!60I4505!3212!5.3425.74/:./!3.:.7.50/!.?105:.5!05!?5!97._2!60!/40:0!.^2/!?5!:2:.7!60!(+!9?5:2/D! 64/:.534.!J?0!/0!0P:40560!@./:.!3./4!72/!(&!/4!.:056012/!.7!90=4262!05:=0!07!#+(+!B!#+(#!mq=VI432!(#! B!].<7.!(,n"!C7!E=.62!60!3.:.7.54/12D!05!3.1<42D!0H27?3425.!60!I2=1.!=0E?7.=!325!H.72=0/!/?90=42=0/! .!,!B!30=3.52/!.7!*!6?=.5:0!07!#+(#!m].<7.!(*n"!! !Gráfico 12. Definición como nacionalista catalán (2010-2017) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ !Tabla 15. Definición como nacionalista catalán (2010-2017) Definición como nacionalista catalán!(%)! 2010!2012!201 5 ! 201 7 ! Oct.! Dic.! Oct.! Nov.! Sep.! Dic.! Sí! 31.9! 39.1! 42.6! 49.0! 46.8! 41.5! No! 65.7! 58.1! 55.8! 48.8! 51.4! 54.1! NS! 1.3! . 0.9! . . . NC! 1.1! 2.9! 0.8! 2.2! 1.8! 4.4! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos recogidos en la página web del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS): http://www.analisis.cis.es/cisdb.jsp *(.) sin datos disponibles! ! nacionalista catalán Sí No -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! ,#! Tabla 16. Escala nacionalista (2010-2017) Escala (1-10), siendo 1 mínimo nacionalismo catalán y 10 máximo nacionalismo catalán! 2010! 2012! 2015! 2017! Oct.! Dic.! Oct.! Nov.! Sep.! Dic.! 5.03! 5.39! 5.78! 5.90! 5.45! 5.22! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos recogidos en la página web del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS): http://www.analisis.cis.es/cisdb.jsp! ! O5.74_.562!07!/05:41405:2!60!90=:050534.!mq=VI432!($!B!].<7.!(%nD!72/!4564H46?2/!J?0!/0!=03252305! 3212!3.:.7.50/!H4H40562!05!S.:.7?^.!/?92505!3./4!07!,+o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ráfico 13..Sentimiento de pertenencia (2015-2018) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ !Tabla 17. Sentimiento de pertenencia (2015-2018) Sentimiento de pertenencia (%)! 2015! 2016! 2017! 2018! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Oct.! May.! Jul.! Nov.! Soy un catalán/a que vive en Cataluña! 48.1! 48.5! 48.6! 48.5! 49.9! 44.1! 42.7! 43.3! 49.7! 48.0! 46.9! 47.5! Soy un catalán/a que vive en España! 18.1! 17.9! 16.7! 15.1! 15.7! 17.8! 16.2! 17.1! 15.2! 13.5! 15.6! 15.1! Soy un español/a que vive en Cataluña! 15.6! 17.1! 15.6! 17.7! 16.7! 17.9! 21.3! 19.1! 18.6! 18.9! 16.9! 16.4! Soy un español/a que vive en España ! 6.7! 8.0! 8.4! 7.1! 7.1! 9.5! 9.1! 8.8! 5.3! 7.0! 7.6! 5.9! Ninguna de las anteriores/otra! 10.6! 7.6! 9.8! 10.3! 9.4! 9.5! 9.6! 10.9! 10.5! 11.4! 10.9! 13.8! NS! 0.4! 0.4! 0.7! 0.9! 0.9! 0.5! 0.5! 0.5! 0.6! 0.6! 1.0! 0.7! NC! 0.5! 0.5! 0.1! 0.4! 0.3! 0.7! 0.6! 0.3! 0.2! 0.7! 1.0! 0.6! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ! ! Soy un español/a que vive en Cataluña Soy un español/a que vive en España Ninguna de las anteriores/otra ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! ,$! 2(2(O('0?'<G`?BEa?DEJB'CAGGEC<GE?>'FA>'&@C?F<'L'A>'`G?F<'FA'?IC<B<KR?'FA'%?C?>I;?' ! -.!/23406.6!3.:.7.5.!/0!60<.:0!05:=0!07!0/:.62!60!7./!.?:2521G./!B!7.!601.56.!60!?5!5?0H2! 0/:.:?/!05!I2=1.!60!0/:.62!605:=2!60!?5.!C/9.^.!I060=.7"!O/G!/0!1.5:4050!@./:.!07!10/!60!F?542!607! #+(#D!W923.!05!7.!J?0!/0!9=26?30!?5!3.1<42!05!7.!@2F.!60!=?:.!607!J0S-"&"!]=./!07!=03@._2!607! q2<40=52!.7!9.3:2!I4/3.7D!O=:?=!N./!45434.!?5.!2I05/4H.!/2<0=.54/:.!3?B./!325/03?0534./!9.=0305! =0I70F.=/0!05!72/!64/:45:2/!<.=810:=2/!.5.74_.62/"!C5!0/:0!3./2D!/0!2</[email protected].!7.! 45/:.?=.3485!60!?5!0/:.62!45609056405:0!J?0!/0!.305:K.!05:=0!72/!.^2/!#+($!B!#+()D!.73.5_.562! H.72=0/!30=3.52/!.7!,+o!m].<7.!(&D!].<7.!('!B!q=VI432!()n"! !Tabla 18. Preferencia por el modelo de organización territorial del Estado (2010-2013) Preferencia territorial (%) 2010! 2011! 2012! 2013! Feb. ! May. ! Jul. ! Nov. ! Feb. ! Jun. ! Oct. ! Mar. ! Jun. ! Nov. ! Feb. ! Jun. ! Nov. ! Una región de España! 6.9! 7.3! 5.4! 5.9! 5.6! 5.6! 5.7! 5.2! 5.7! 4.0! 4.4! 4.6! 5.4! Una CA de España! 38.2! 35.2! 33.3! 34.7! 33.2! 31.8! 30.3! 27.8! 25.4! 19.1! 20.7! 22.8! 18.6! Un estado dentro de Esp. federal! 29.5!31.2!31.0!30.9!31.9!33.0!30.4!30.8!28.7!25.5!22.4!21.2!21.3! Un estado independiente! 19.4! 21.5! 24.3! 25.2! 24.5! 25.5! 28.2! 29.0! 34.0! 44.3! 46.4! 47.0! 48.5! NS! 4.4! 4.0! 4.9! 2.7! 3.5! 3.4! 3.9! 5.4! 5.0! 4.9! 4.9! 3.5! 4.0! NC! 1.6! 0.7! 1.0! 0.7! 1.3! 0.7! 1.5! 1.8! 1.3! 2.2! 1.2! 0.9! 2.2! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ Tabla 19. Preferencia por el modelo de organización territorial del Estado (2014-2018) Preferencia territorial (%)! 2014! 2015! 2016! 2017! 2018! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Oct.! May.! Jul.! Nov.! Una región de España! 2.6! 1.8! 3.4! 4.0! 3.7! 4.1! 4.0! 5.7! 7.0! 5.3! 4.6! 6.3! 7.8! 5.9! Una CA de España! 23.3! 23.4! 24.0! 29.3! 27.4! 25.1! 26.5! 24.1! 28.5! 30.5! 27.4! 24.0! 25.5! 24.0! Un estado dentro de Esp. federal! 20.0!22.2!26.1!24.0!22.2!26.3!20.9!23.2!21.7!21.7!21.9!22.4!22.4!22.1! Un estado independiente! 45.2! 45.3! 39.1! 37.6! 41.1! 38.5! 41.6! 38.9! 37.3! 34.7! 40.2! 40.8! 38.8! 38.9! NS! 6.9! 6.5! 5.3! 3.9! 4.2! 4.5! 5.6! 6.3! 3.8! 6.1! 4.7! 4.6! 4.4! 6.6! NC 2.0 0.9 2.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.1 2.6 TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! ! -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! ,)! Gráfico 14. Preferencia por el modelo de organización territorial del Estado (2010-2018) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! -.!].<7.!#+!B!].<7.!#(!92505!60!1.54I40/:2!07!45325I2=14/12!60!7.!/23406.6!325!=0/903:2!.7!54H07! 60!.?:2521G.!J?0!.:0/2=.!S.:.7?^."!f5:05/4I43V562/0!05:=0!72/!.^2/!#+($!B!#+()!mq=VI432!(,nD!/0! /4:K.!05!/45:25G.!325!72/!H.72=0/!45643.62/!.5:0=42=105:0"!! !Tabla 20. Valoración del nivel de autonomía de Cataluña (2010-2013) Valoración del nivel de autonomía de Cataluña (%) 2010! 2011! 2012! 2013! Feb.! May.! Jul.! Nov.! Feb.! Jun.! Oct.! Mar.! Jun.! Nov.! Feb.! Jun.! Nov.! Demasiada autonomía! 5.1! 4.9! 3.4! 3.3! 4.6! 4.6! 4.4! 4.4! 3.3! 3.9! 3.8! 4.6! 3.9! Un nivel suficiente de autonomía ! 31.2! 29.9! 29.1! 26.5! 28.0! 24.0! 26.0! 23.9! 21.3! 18.6! 19.2! 19.1! 20.6! Un nivel insuficiente de autonomía!59.0 ! 60.5 ! 61.8 ! 65.9 ! 62.0 ! 66.5 ! 65.3 ! 65.7 ! 68.4 ! 71.6 ! 71.2 ! 72.5 ! 70.4 ! NS! 3.7! 4.5! 5.1! 3.3! 4.5! 4.1! 3.5! 4.9! 6.0! 4.5! 5.3! 2.8! 4.3! NC! 0.9! 0.2! 0.5! 0.9! 1.0! 0.9! 0.8! 1.0! 1.0! 1.3! 0.5! 1.0! 0.8! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ !Tabla 21. Valoración del nivel de autonomía de Cataluña (2014-2018) Valoración del nivel de autonomía de Cataluña (%)! 2014 ! 2015 ! 2016 ! 2017 ! 2018 ! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Oct.! May.! Jul.! Nov.! Demasiada autonomía! 2.3! 2.6! 3.9! 3.0! 4.3! 4.3! 4.2! 5.3! 5.8! 4.1! 5.4! 6.4! 5.8! 5.1! Un nivel suficiente de aut.! 24.2! 21.7! 23.9! 28.0! 25.0! 23.1! 21.0! 23.8! 25.5! 26.4! 23.0! 18.9! 24.4! 20.8! Un nivel insuficiente de aut. ! 66.6 ! 69.2 ! 64.1 ! 63.0 ! 65.0 ! 68.1 ! 67.2 ! 62.9 ! 63.3 ! 62.0 ! 64.6 ! 65.1 ! 62.3 ! 64.0 ! NS ! 6.0 ! 5.9 ! 7.0 ! 4.9 ! 4.8 ! 3.7 ! 6.3 ! 6.7 ! 4.5 ! 6.4 ! 6.2 ! 7.7 ! 6.4 ! 7.4 ! NC 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.2 2.7 TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! ,,! Gráfico 15. Valoración del nivel de autonomía de Cataluña (2010-2018) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! 2(2(P('0?'GA>?DEJB'ABCGA'%?C?>I;?'L'A>'D<B[IBC<'FA'&@M?;?' ! -.!3=4/4/!03258143.!60/053.605.6.!05!07!.^2!#+((D!/?1.6.!.7!60/325:05:2!60!7.!34?6.6.5G.! 05!:2=52!.!7.!/05:0534.!607!]S!325:=.!07!=6,#,),D!60/053.6058!07!454342!60!?5.!0/:=.:0E4.!927G:43.!92=! 9.=:0! 607! J0S-"&! J?0! 45434.7105:0! =0/9256G.! .! 3=4:0=42/! 032581432/"! R0/60! 7.! J-&-"#5%,#,! 3.5.74_.=25!07!60/325:05:2!/234.7!B!7./!./94=.34250/!60!7.!34?6.6.5G.!05!I.H2=!60!?5.!1.B2=!3?2:.!60! .?:2E2<40=52D!.!:=.HW/!60!?5!5?0H2!9.3:2!I4/3.7!2=405:.62!.!?5.!10F2=.!60!7.!I45.534.3485!.?:258143.! 3.:.7.5."!-.!I.7:.!60!.3?0=62!12:4H8!?5.!9=29?0/:.!.7:0=5.:4H.D!05!0/:0!3./2!05!I2=1.!60!325/2=342! 032581432"!C7!5?0H2!97.5:0.1405:2D!J?0!.<2E.<[email protected].!9=294.D!9.=030! @.<0=!325:.62!325!?5.!<?05.!.32E46.!/234.7"!-.!=03.?6.3485!B!64/:=4<?3485!60!419?0/:2/!05!S.:.7?^.! 2<:4050!?5!.19742!325/05/2D!770E.562!.!/?90=.=!07!,&o!05!52H401<=0!607!#+(#!mq=VI432!(*!B!].<7.! ##n"! !Gráfico 16. Grado de acuerdo con que las Administraciones catalanas pasen a recaudar y decidir la distribución de todos los impuestos que pagan los/as ciudadanos/as y empresas de Cataluña (2011-2014) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! ! -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! ,*! Tabla 22. Grado de acuerdo con que las Administraciones catalanas pasen a recaudar y decidir la distribución de todos los impuestos que pagan los/as ciudadanos/as y empresas de Cataluña (2011-2014) Grado de acuerdo (%)! 2011! 2012! 2013! 2014! Jun.! Oct.! Mar.! Jun.! Nov.! Feb.! Jun.! Nov.! Abr.! Totalmente a favor! 50.4! 48.4! 51.2! 54.5! 58.7! 52.7! 51.6! 53.1! 54.6! Más bien a favor! 25.1! 27.3! 25.3! 22.0! 20.6! 24.9! 23.7! 24.6! 20.8! Más bien en contra! 9.7! 10.5! 10.3! 9.7! 7.8! 8.1! 8.2! 8.4! 10.0! Totalmente en contra! 8.5! 7.2! 5.7! 6.4! 5.2! 7.2! 9.0! 7.0! 6.3! NS! 5.2! 5.8! 5.0! 5.2! 5.6! 6.3! 6.2! 5.5! 6.9! NC! 1.1! 0.9! 2.5! 2.1! 2.1! 0.8! 1.3! 1.5! 1.3! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ! -.!9?E5.!325!07!q2<40=52!05!.J?077./!3?0/:4250/!74E.6./!.!7.!032521G.!B!7.!I45.534.3485!.?:258143.! /0!1.5:?H2!.3:4H.!@./:.!07!#+()D!3?.562!:=./!7./!325:45?./!50E.:4H./D!O=:?=!N./!325/2746.<.!/?!E4=2! /2<0=.54/:."!T?0!05:2530/!3?.562!7./!=07.34250/!05:=0!07!0F03?:4H2!3.:.7V5!B!5.3425.7!32105_.=25!.! :2=5.=/0!.K5!1V/!:05/./!3212!=0/?7:.62!60!7./!601.56./!/030/4254/:./!0P4E46./!92=!07!9=410=2!B!J?0! 60/60!N.6=46!3.74I43.<.5!3212!45./?14<70/"!O!325:45?.3485D!1064=012/!07!E=.62!60!.3?0=62!60!7.! 34?6.6.5G.! 325! .7E?52/! 60! 72/! 105/.F0/! 64I?56462/! 60/60! 7.! J-&-"#5%,#,! .30=3.! 60! 7./! .I=05:./! .3210:46./!92=!07!C/:.62!325:=.!S.:.7?^."!>.=:0!607!64/3?=/2!607!J0S-"&D!.=:43?7.62!.!9.=:4=!607! 1.=32!X=6*#K#.&06."01#YD!I?0!.!/?!H0_!=0I2=_.62!325!7.!9?<743.3485!60!H.=42/!45I2=10/!05!72/!J?0! /0! 9=0/05:.<.5! 64I0=05:0/! 3V73?72/! =07.:4H2/! .! 7./! <.7.5_./! I4/3.70/"! L</0=H.12/! 3812! 0/./! 9=237.1./!/[email protected]!:=./7.6.62!.!7.!/23406.6D!J?0!05!/?!1.B2=G.!90=34<0!3212!0P30/4H.!0!45F?/:.!7.! 3.5:46.6!60!6450=2!.92=:.6.!92=!S.:.7?^.!.7!325F?5:2!60!C/9.^."!C5:405605D!.601V/D!J?0!/0!:=.:.!60! ?5.!3?.5:G.!J?0!05!545EK5!3./2!/0!:=.6?30!05!?5.!10F2=.!60!72/!/0=H4342/D!9=0/:.34250/!2!45H0=/4250/! 05!7.!321?546.6"!C5!7.!14/1.!7G50.D!7./!6034/4250/!:21.6./!92=!07!q2<40=52!/25!./4147.6./!3212! ?5!90=F?4342!325:=.!7./!45I=.0/:=?3:?=./!3.:.7.5./"!C5!.1<2/!3./2/D!07!92=305:.F0!.E=0E.62!60!7./! 3.:0E2=G./!X,0,#5$-&,-.I-.#A)-"I0Y!B!X$E6.1%-&.I-.#A)-"I0YD!/?90=.!07!%+oD!.?5J?0!72/!H.72=0/! ./234.62/!.7!.^2!#+(,!1?0/:=.5!?5!60/305/2!325!=0/903:2!.7!#+()!mq=VI432!(%!B!].<7.!#$n"!! !Gráfico 17. Grado de acuerdo con la relación económica entre Cataluña y el Estado (2014-2015) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! ,%! Tabla 23. Grado de acuerdo con la relación económica entre Cataluña y el Estado (2014-2015) Grado de acuerdo (%)! La cantidad de dinero que el Estado español recauda de Cataluña y que no regresa a Cataluña en forma de servicios, prestaciones e inversiones es excesiva, más de lo que es justo! El Gobierno español toma decisiones que perjudican la calidad y la cantidad de las infraestructuras públicas de Cataluña! 2014! 2015! 2014! 2015! Oct.! Jul.! Oct.! Jul.! Totalmente de acuerdo! 60.1! 52.2! 60.6! 50.4! Más bien de acuerdo! 19.7! 23.5! 18.3! 24.3! Más bien en desacuerdo! 7.5! 8.8! 8.4! 11.6! Totalmente en desacuerdo ! 3.7 ! 6.4 ! 3.7 ! 5.3 ! NS/NC! 9.0! 9.1! 8.9! 8.4! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ! O/414/12D!?5!.19742!%*"#o!325/460=.!J?0!7.!927G:43.!60!=0305:=.74_.3485!607!q2<40=52!:4050!3212! 2<F0:4H2! 7.! =03?90=.3485! 60! 32190:0534./! B.! :=.5/I0=46./! .! 7.! J-&-"#5%,#,! m].<7.! #)n"! C/:0! /05:41405:2!60!.E=.H42!/0!=09=26?30!3?.562!.:056012/!.!7.!H.72=.3485!607!:=.:2!J?0!72/!34?6.6.52/! /?I=05!92=!9.=:0!607!C/:.62D!3.74I43.62!3212!1?B!45F?/:2!.!90/.=!60!J?0!05!07!.^2!#+(,!.?105:.! 74E0=.105:0!60/60!72/!#"&*!@./:.!72/!$"#$!9?5:2/!m].<7.!#,n"! !Tabla 24. La política de recentralización del Gobierno español que quiere recuperar competencias que son de la Generalitat de Cataluña (2014) Grado de acuerdo (%)! 2014! Oct.! Es beneficiosa para los/as ciudadanos/as de Cataluña! 4.7! Es perjudicial para los/as ciudadanos de Cataluña! 76.2! Ninguna de las anteriores! 9.3! NS! 9.7! NC! 0.2 ! TOTAL' 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! !Tabla 25. Valoración del trato que reciben los ciudadanos de Cataluña por parte del Gobierno español (2014-2015) Valoración (0-10), siendo 0 totalmente injusto y 10 totalmente justo! 2014! 2015! Oct.! Jul.! 2.86! 3.23! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ' ' Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del (BOP), recogidos en la página web del http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/ba -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! *)! -2/!0703:2=0/!60!7./!64/:45:./!3.5646.:?=./!74E.6./!.!>26012/D!05!/?!1.B2=G.!/0!1?0/:=.5! 325:=.=42/!.!7.!456090560534.D!.?5J?0!/?/!9.=:46.=42/!/?92505!05:=0!?5!#+o!B!?5!$+o!m].<7.!)(n"!! !Tabla 41. Posicionamiento en torno a un estado catalán independiente según recuerdo de voto a PODEMOS, CSQEP y CatComú–Podem (2015-2018) Cataluña: estado independiente (%) 2015! 2016! 2017! 2018! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Nov.! Mar.! Jul.! Oct.! May.! Jul.! Nov.! Sí! 23.5 23.1 15.5 26.6 27.2 32.2 25.3 30.4 21.9 22.1 19.2 No! 70.4 67.5 65.7 57.1 60.4 51.9 60.4 55.7 61.3 65.7 68.5 NS! 3.7 8.4 15.5 14.3 9.9 12.1 13.2 13.3 11.0 10.3 8.6 NC! 2.4 1.0 3.3 2.0 2.5 3.7 1.1 0.6 5.8 1.9 3.7 TOTAL' 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! . Gráfico 19. Comparativa: posicionamiento a favor de un estado catalán independiente (2015-2018) ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! C5!/?1.D!07!12H41405:2!4560905605:4/:.!05!S.:.7?^.!@.!0P90=4105:.62!?5!4192=:.5:0!.?E0!05!72/! K7:412/!23@2!.^2/D!3=0341405:2!J?0!52!0/!92/4<70!05:0560=!.7!1.=E05!60!7.!.6@0/485!60!?5.!9.=:0!60! 7.!34?6.6.5G.!.5:0=42=105:0!60/H453?7.6."!-2/!34?6.6.52/!J?0!6037.=.5!/05:4=/0!4560905605:4/:./! 60/60!/4019=0!=09=0/05:.5!.7=06062=!60!?5!##Q#)o!607!:2:.7D!92=305:.F0!J?0!.?105:.!52:.<70105:0! 05!23:?<=0!607!.^2!#+()D!/4:?V562/0!05!?5!#&"#o"!M4!<405!/0!:=.:.!60!?5!6.:2!/4E54I43.:4H2D!52!0/!05! 545EK5!3./2!/?I43405:0!9.=.!0P9743.=!07!.19742!.92B2!/234.7!J?0!07!.7.!/030/4254/:.!@.!0P@4<462!@./:.! 7.! I03@."! ;0/?7:.! =0H07.62=.! 7.! .50P485! 60! 05:=0! ?5! (&Q#)o! 60! 3.:.7.50/! J?0! /0^.7.5! @.<0=/0! 325H0=:462! 05! 4560905605:4/:./! 6?=.5:0! 72/! K7:412/! .^2/"! `2/! 05325:=.12/! ?5.! /23406.6! I=.E105:.6.!05:=0!72/!9.=:46.=42/!60!7.!45/:.?=.3485!60!?5!0/:.62!9=2942!B!.J?0772/!J?0!1.54I40/:.5! /?!60/.3?0=62D!J?0!05!07!.^2!#+(,!/?90=.5!07!,+o!324534640562!325!07!9=410=!<.=810:=2!:=./!7.! 3070<=.3485!607!=0I0=W56?1!607!'Q`!B!07!.5?5342!60!O=:?=!N./!60!?5./!5?0H./!070334250/!.5:4349.6./! m].<7.!)#n"!! ! ! I=.E105:.6.! 05:=0!72/!9.=:46.=42/!60!7.!45 /?!60/.3?0=62D!J?0!05! 3070<=.3485!607!=0I0=W56?1!607!' ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! *,! Tabla 42. Sentimiento independentista (2014-2015) Sentimiento independentista (%)! 2014! 2015! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Sí, de toda la vida! 22.5! 28.2! 24.1! Sí, me he convertido en los últimos años! 24.6! 20.9! 18.3! No, no me siento independentista! 48.4! 48.5! 54.4! NS/NC! 4.4! 2.3! 3.2! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ! CP.145.562!72/!92=305:.F0/!.5:0=42=0/!/0EK5!07!=03?0=62!60!H2:2D!2</0=H.12/!J?0!/25!C;S!B!S[>! 7./!K543./!I?0=_./!927G:43./!J?0!3?05:.5!325!?5.!<./0!0703:2=.7!4560905605:4/:.!XI-.A)&#Y"!S4[D!92=! /?!9.=:0D!0/!7.!I2=1.3485!J?0!1V/!@.!/?I=462!0/0!9=230/2!60!325H0=/485"!M?/!H2:.5:0/!9.=0305!@.<0=! 0H27?3425.62D!92=!:.5:2D!05!/45:25G.!325!7.!5?0H.!@2F.!60!=?:.!I4F.6.!92=!7.!32.743485"!].1<4W5!fSh! 72E=.!5?:=4=/0!05!.<=47!607!#+()!60!?5!$$"(o!60!3.:.7.50/!I.H2=.<70/!.7!0/:.62!3.:.7V5D!6.:2!J?0! 60/340560!6=V/:43.105:0!@./:.!07!'"#o!m].<7.!)$n"!! !Tabla 43. Sentimiento independentista según recuerdo de voto a partidos de ámbito autonómico (2014-2015) Sentimiento independentista (%)! CiU! ERC! ICV! CUP! 2014! 2015! 2014! 2015! 2014! 2015! 2014! 2015! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Sí, de toda la vida! 33.1! 39.7! 40.7! 51.3! 59.9! 62.1! 1.6! 13.8! 6.8! 51.1! 65.2! 47.1! Si, me he convertido en los últimos años!39.6!41.4!38.7!41.4!31.8!29.6!33.1!30.8!9.2!27.4!19.3!38.2! No, no me siento independentista ! 23.0 ! 18.7 ! 19.2 ! 6.1 ! 7.9 ! 7.6 ! 63.2 ! 48.5 ! 80.9 ! 19.1 ! 13.1 ! 10.9 ! NS! 2.1! 0.0! 1.2! 1.1! 0.4! 0.7! 2.2! 6.9! 0.6! 2.2! 2.4! 2.5! NC! 2.2! 0.2! 0.2! 0.1! 0.0! 0.0! 0.0! 0.0! 2.4! 0.2! 0.0! 1.3! TOTAL' 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! 100.0 ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre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o!.!?5!,"*o!mq=VI432!#+!B!].<7.!))n"!! !Tabla 44. Sentimiento independentista según recuerdo de voto a partidos de ámbito estatal (2014-2015) Sentimiento independentista (%)! PP! PSC! C´s! PODEMOS! 2014! 2015! 2014! 2015! 2014! 2015! 2014! 2015! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Oct.! Mar.! Sí, de toda la vida! 0.0! 2.3! 2.3! 3.1! 1.6! 0.9! 0.4! 0.0! 0.0! 9.4! 4.7! Si, me he convertido en los últimos años! 1.5! 0.0! 5.4! 11.3! 8.5! 5.5! 0.6! 0.0! 4.0! 20.1! 5.6! No, no me siento independentista! 98.5! 97.7! 87.5! 83.3! 83.5! 93.6! 99.0! 100.0! 96.0! 69.0! 85.3! NS! 0.0! 0.0! 0.6! 0.4! 4.1! 0.0! 0.0! 0.0! 0.0! 1.5! 3.8! NC! 0.0! 0.0! 4.2! 2.0! 2.3! 0.0! 0.0! 0.0! 0.0! 0.0! 0.6! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! (%) (%) Sí, de toda la vida -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! **! Gráfico 20. Comparativa: sentimiento independentista (2014-2015) !! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! S05:=V56252/!05!7./!=._250/!J?0!12:4H.5!07!/?=E41405:2!607!/05:41405:2!4560905605:4/:.!05!?5! 90=4262!=03405:0D!60/:.3.!7.!.3:4:?6!B!72/!32105:.=42/!607!q2<[email protected].!S.:.7?^.D!3?0/:485!J?0! 90=14:0!0P9743.=!?5!.19742!)#o"!].7!B!3212!=0I70F.12/!05!/?<.9.=:.62/!.5:0=42=0/D!7.!/23406.6! 3.:.7.5.!12/:=.<.!?5!.7:2!E=.62!60!.3?0=62!05!.J?077./!.I4=1.34250/!05!7./!J?0!/0!./0H0=.<.!?5!:=.:2! 90=F?6434.7!92=!9.=:0!607!C/:.62"!O/414/12D!7.!325I4.5_.!05!07!0F03?:4H2!5.3425.7!/0!/4:?.<.!05!54H070/! 45I0=42=0/!.!$!05!?5.!0/3.7.!60!+!.!(+!05:=0!72/!.^2/!#+()!B!#+(,"!-./!3?0/:4250/!03258143./!B!7./! 0P903:.:4H./!60!10F2=.!23?9.5!07!/0E?562!B!:0=30=!7?E.=D!=0/903:4H.105:0D!325!?5!($o!B!%Q&oD! 324534640562!325!07!64/3?=/2!:=./7.6.62!60/60!7.!J-&-"#5%,#,!m].<7.!),n"!! !Tabla 45. Principal motivo de conversión independentista en los últimos años (2014-2015) Principal motivo de conversión independentista en los últimos años (%)! 2014! 2015! Oct.! Mar.! Por la actitud/comentarios del Gobierno central hacia Cataluña! 42.0! 42.0! Tema económico/impuestos mal repartidos! 13.4! 13.2! El cambio ayudará a mejorar ! 7.6 ! 8.4 ! Por la política! 7.0! 5.7! Por la situación actual/Crisis! 6.4! 6.2! Se ha concienciado en los últimos años! 4.1! 5.0! Ideología! 3.0! 2.4! Derecho a decidir/Autogobierno! 2.6! 2.2! Recortes ! 1.6 ! 0.8 ! Idioma y cultura catalana! 1.6! 2.5! Otros! 7.1! 6.2! NS! 2.2! 2.3! NC! 1.5! 3.2! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! Derecho a decidir/Autogobierno Recortes Idioma y cultura catalana ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! *%! -.!E=.H0!3=4/4/!03258143.D!07!6WI434:!B!07!6W<47!0/:.62!60!7./!3?05:./!9K<743./!3.:.7.5./D!:262! 0772!.3219.^.62!92=!72/!105/.F0/!05!:2=52!.!?5!126072!60!I45.534.3485!45F?/:2!B!325:=.9=26?305:0D! B!92=!7.!9=2B033485!60!S.:.7?^.!3212!12:2=!60!7.!032521G.!0/9.^27.D!9.=030!@.<0=!/?/34:.62!?5.! =0.33485! /234.7! .! I.H2=! 60! 7.! /030/485! 3212! 45/:=?105:2! 60! 9=2E=0/2! m%"*Q&")on"! S?0/:4250/! 4605:4:.=4./! H453?7.6./! :=.643425.7105:0! .7! 5.3425.74/12D! 3212! 07! 46421.! 2! 7.! 3?7:?=.! 3.:.7.5.D! 9=0/05:.5!?5.!0/3./.!453460534.!05!07!90=I47!60!72/!5?0H2/!4560905605:4/:./D!9?0/!?5!1VP412!607! #",o!60!72/!053?0/:.62/!=03252305!.1<./!3?0/:4250/!3212!72/!070105:2/!J?0!F?/:4I43.5!/?!.6@0/485! m].<7.!),n"! [5.! H0_! 607414:.6./! 7./! =._250/! J?0! /?/34:.5! 07! 2=4E05! 607! /05:41405:2! 4560905605:4/:.D! .<2=6.=012/!72/!I?56.105:2/!J?0!/2/:40505!?5!92/43425.1405:2!I.H2=.<70!2!325:=.=42!.!7.!/030/485"! S2105_.562!92=!72/!12:4H2/!J?0!/?/:05:.5!?5.!.9?0/:.!92=!07!5?0H2!0/:.62!45609056405:0D!60/:.3.! 7.! 3.9.346.6! B! 60/02! 60! .?:2E0/:485! 03258143.D! /0E?462D! .?5J?0! 325! ?5.! 0H27?3485! 64/9.=! 05! I?53485!60!3.6.!90=4262D!60!?5.!/05/.3485!60!453219=05/485D!7.!325H433485!60!10F2=.D!07!/05:41405:2! 4605:4:.=42D!7.!325309:?.74_.3485!60!S.:.7?^.!3212!?5.!5.3485D!07!60/02!92=!?5.!1.B2=!3.9.346.6!60! 6034/485!B!54H07!60!.?:2521G.D!2!7.!3.9.346.6!60!.?:2/?I4340534.!m].<7.!)*n"!! !Tabla 46. Motivos por los que votaría a favor de la independencia (2011-2013) Motivos a favor de la independencia (%)! 2011! 2012! 2013! Jun.! Oct.! Mar.! Feb.! Capacidad y deseo de autogestión económica! 36.4! 32.2! 34.8! 29.4! Sentimiento de incomprensión! 13.8! 9.9! 13.8! 14.7! Cataluña mejoraría! 13.3! 13.7! 21.4! 18.8! Sentimiento identitario! 11.5! 11.7! 12.8! 12.5! Conceptualización identitaria de Cataluña como nación! 10.4! 9.2! 9.6! 10.7! Ganar capacidad de decisión, nivel de autonomía! 10.3! 8.9! 13.7! 13.5! Capacidad de autosuficiencia ! 7.1! 5.5! 6.3! 2.3! Deseo de modelo de país! 4.7! 7.6! 4.0! 9.0! Única vía de mejora! 3.6! 5.4! 2.0! 6.6! Como una mejora de las competencias actuales! 3.1! 2.4! 0.6! 0.7! Preferencia o paso previo hacia un modelo federal! 1.2! 1.6! 0.8! 0.3! Otros! 4.1! 1.5! 3.9! 2.6! NS! 1.5! 0.7! 2.5! 0.5! NC! 0.8! 0.3! 0.6! 1.0! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ! ! -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! *&! >2=! 07! 325:=.=42D! .J?0772/! J?0! /0! 6037.=.5! 05! 325:=.! 60! 7.! 456090560534.! 72! @.305! 9=45349.7105:0!05!60I05/.!60!7.!?546.6!60!C/9.^.D!770E.562!.!/?9250=!?5!),"*o!05!07!.^2!#+(#"! L:=.! 60! 7./! 3.?/./! J?0! .70E.5! /0! 053?05:=.! ./234.6.! 325! 07! /05:41405:2! 60! 4605:46.6D! 9?0/! /0! 4605:4I43.5!:.5!2!1V/!0/9.^270/!J?0!3.:.7.50/"!-.!45H4.<4746.6!60!7.!/030/485D!7.!292/43485!.!7./! 64H4/4250/!:0==4:2=4.70/D!2!7.!325H433485!60!7./!325/03?0534./!50E.:4H./!60=4H.6./!607!3.1<42D!/25! 2:=./!60!7./!3?0/:4250/!J?0!:056=G.5D!05!0/:0!3./2D!?5!1.B2=!90/2!05!7.!6034/485!60!H2:2!m].<7.!)%n"! !Tabla 47. Motivos por los que votaría en contra de la independencia (2011-2013) Motivos en contra de la independencia (%)! 2011! 2012! 2013! Feb.! Oct.! Mar.! Feb.! Preservación de la unidad de España! 42.6! 35.5! 45.6! 31.2! Sentimiento identitario (tan español/a como catalán/a o más español/a que catalán/a)! 18.7! 13.9! 12.5! 18.6! Independencia inviable! 12.3! 13.2! 11.4! 12.5! Partidario/a del proceso globalizador/inclusivo (contrario a las divisiones territoriales)! 10.7! 12.3! 6.4! 6.0! No sería positivo para Cataluña! 9.7! 10.5! 13.6! 14.6! No es percibido como un proceso prioritario y viable! 4.0! 6.1! 2.6! 6.1! Preferencia por un modelo federal! 5.2! 5.4! 3.1! 3.5! La independencia es una posición extrema! 2.9! 2.3! 6.2! 5.1! No tiene un posicionamiento firme! 1.5! 2.0! 1.1! 5.2! Otros ! 3.7 ! 2.6 ! 3.2 ! 1.2 ! NS! 0.8! 0.4! 2.2! 0.9! NC! 0.7! 0.0! 0.2! 1.5! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre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mq=VI432!#(!B!].<7.!)&n"!! ! Gráfico 21. Nivel de vida de los/as catalanes/as si Cataluña fuese un país independiente (2012-2017) !! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! *'! Tabla 48. Nivel de vida de los/as catalanes/as si Cataluña fuese un país independiente (2012-2017) Nivel de vida en una Cataluña independiente (%)! 2012! 2013! 2014! 2015! 2016! 2017! Jun. ! Nov. ! Feb. ! Jun. ! Abr. ! Oct. ! Mar. ! Nov. ! Mar. ! Nov. ! Mar. ! Mejor que ahora! 55.5! 52.5! 53.9! 51.2! 45.1! 45.1! 38.0! 43.4! 40.9! 39.1! 37.2! Igual que ahora! 16.7! 17.6! 17.6! 17.9! 16.7! 18.1! 18.9! 15.2! 17.8! 19.9! 20.7! Peor que ahora! 12.8! 16.9! 19.8! 21.9! 23.1! 21.7! 26.2! 30.8! 28.0! 27.1! 31.0! Depende! 1.8! 1.7! 0.8! 0.7! 14.7! NS! 12.5! 10.6! 7.6! 7.9! 14.4! 16.4! 10.1! 12.9! 12.8! 10.6! NC! 0.6! 0.7! 0.4! 0.4! 0.7! 0.4! 0.6! 0.5! 0.5! 1.1! 0.5! Total! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ! C5!3.1<42D!7.!325H4H0534.!05:=0!3.:.7.50/!52!/?I=4=G.!545E?5.!:=.5/I2=1.3485!/0EK5!?5.!.1974.! 1.B2=G.! 60! 34?6.6.52/D! .?5J?0! /G! /0! H4/7?1<=.! ?5.! 3=03405:0! /05/.3485! 60! 01902=.1405:2! /4! .:056012/!.!72/!H.72=0/!45434.70/!05!.<=47!607!#+()!m#+")on!B!1.=_2!607!#+(%!m#*",on!mq=VI432!##!B! ].<7.!)'n"!! !Gráfico 22. Nivel de vida de los/as catalanes/as si Cataluña fuese un país independiente (2012-2017) !! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ !Tabla 49. Convivencia entre los/as catalanes/as si Cataluña fuese un país independiente (2014-2017) Convivencia entre catalanes/as en una Cataluña independiente (%)! 2014! 2015! 2016! 2017! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Nov.! Mar.! Nov.! Mar.! Mejor que ahora! 22.0! 20.7! 18.2! 17.1! 17.7! 20.5! 19.5! Igual que ahora! 46.0! 52.1! 53.1! 51.5! 51.5! 48.1! 48.5! Peor que ahora! 20.4! 18.4! 18.6! 25.3! 24.1! 23.7! 26.5! NS! 10.9 ! 8.5 ! 9.6 ! 5.8 ! 6.4 ! 7.1 ! 5.0 ! NC! 0.8! 0.3! 0.4! 0.2! 0.3! 0.7! 0.5! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ ! ! ! Mejor que ahora Igual que ahora Peor que ahora NS -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! %+! -.!90=1.50534.!05!7.![C!:=./!?5.!@492:W:43.!/030/485!I?0!2<F0:2!60!60<.:0!05!7.!927G:43.! 3.:.7.5.D!5.3425.7!0!45:0=5.3425.7"!-./!.6H0=:0534./!607!=03@._2!60!7.!321?546.6!45:0=5.3425.7!.!7.! 456090560534.! I?0=25! 325I=25:.6./! 60/60! 07! J0S-"&D! J?0! 05! :262! 12105:2! 7.5_8! 105/.F0/! 60! :=.5J?4746.6"! -.! ].<7.! ,+! B! q=VI432! #$! =0I70F.! ?5.! /23406.6! 64H4646.! 05:=0! 72/! 4564H46?2/! J?0! 325/460=.5!1?B!2!<./:.5:0!9=2<.<70!7.!90=1.50534.!05!7.![CD!B!72/!J?0!6?6.5!05!1.B2=!2!1052=! 10646.!.30=3.!60!0/:.!92/4<4746.6"!! ! Gráfico 23. Nivel de vida de los/as catalanes/as si Cataluña fuese un país independiente (2012-2017) !! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/ Tabla 50. Probabilidad de que si Cataluña fuese un país independiente se quedase fuera de la UE (2014-2017) Cataluña independiente: probabilidad de quedarse fuera de la UE (%)! 2014! 2015! 2016! 2017! Abr.! Oct.! Mar.! Nov.! Mar.! Nov.! Mar.! Muy probable! 20.3! 19.9! 16.6! 21.5! 23.1! 22.1! 26.0! Bastante probable! 24.6! 20.8! 19.3! 18.0! 18.6! 22.9! 21.7! Poco probable ! 23.8 ! 25.7 ! 26.6 ! 28.0 ! 29.1 ! 25.1 ! 26.6 ! Nada probable! 13.8! 18.9! 19.5! 22.0! 19.9! 18.1! 18.5! NS 16.9 14.5 17.3 10.2 9.2 11.3 6.7 NC! 0.6! 0.3! 0.8! 0.4! 0.1! 0.5! 0.5! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del Baròmetre d'Opinió Política (BOP), recogidos en la página web del Centre d'Estudis d’Opinió (CEO): http://ceo.gencat.cat/ca/barometre/! ! 2(2(V('&>'?M<L<'?>'MG<DA@<'@<HAG?BE@C?'EBEDE?F<'M<G'/GCIG'\?@' ! C7! *"0AX6! @.! 60! /0=! 05:056462! 3212! ?5! X$#6,-". !"#$-Y! m;4H0=.! B! S._2=7.D! #+(*nD! ?5.! 0/:=.:0E4.!4560905605:4/:.!45/:4:?3425.74_.6.!B!64=4E46.!60/60!7.!J-&-"#5%,#,!J?0D!325/:=?46.!60/60! ?5.! 89:43.! :=.5/H0=/.7D! :=./340560! .! 7.! 460272EG.! m;4H0=.! B! \.=V4_D! #+(*n"! C/! 9=034/.105:0! 0/:.! 5.:?=.70_.!97?=.7!7.!J?0!I.H2=030!7.!.50P485!60!3.:.7.50/!J?0D!.7!1.=E05!60!/?!92/43425.1405:2!05! :2=52!.!7.!/030/485D!1?0/:=.5!/?!.92B2!.7!60=03@2!.!603464=!B!?5!=03@._2!.!7.!325I4E?=.3485!.3:?.7! 607!0/:.62!92=!72!J?0!325/460=.5!?5!0P30/2!60!305:=.74/12!m\.=V4_!0:!.7"D!#+(%n"!! ']21.562!05!325/460=.3485!7.!34:.6.!607414:.3485!325309:?.7D!./?1412/!?5.!64I0=0534.!325! =0/903:2!.!7.!60I05/.!607!9=2B03:2!4560905605:4/:.D!64/:453485!J?0!J?06.!=0I2=_.6.!B!=0I70F.6.!05!72/! 0/:?642/! 60! 2945485"! C7! )'",o! 60! 72/! 3.:.7.50/! .92B.5! 07! *"0AX6D! 92=305:.F0! J?0! .?105:.! 92/:0=42=105:0! @./:.! /?90=.=! 07! ,+o! m].<7.! ,(n"! C772! 325:=./:.! 325! 72/! 6.:2/! 32105:.62/! 325! 0/:=.:0E4.!4560905605:4/:.!45/:4:?3425.74_.6.!B!64 ?5.! 89:43.! :=.5/H0=/.7D! :=./340560! .! 7.! 460272EG.! m;4H0=.! B! \.=V4_D! #+(*n"! C/! 9=034/.105:0! 0/:.! 5.:?=.70_.!97?=.7!7.!J?0!I.H2=030!7.!.50P485!60!3.:.7.50/!J?0 ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! %(! .5:0=42=46.6!05!=07.3485!325!07!92/43425.1405:2!.!I.H2=!60!7.!456090560534.!m].<7.!$)nD!05!3?B2!3./2! 72/!H.72=0/!32==0/9256405:0/!.!72/!.^2/!#+(,!B!#+(%!.?5J?0!070H.62/D!/25!1V/!<.F2/D!325!?5!1VP412! 60!?5!)&"%o"!! !Tabla 51. Posicionamiento en torno al procès (2015-2017) Grado de acuerdo (%)! 2015! 2017! A favor! 49.5! 51.1! En contra! 44.0! 38.6! NS/NC! 6.5! 10.2! TOTAL' 100.0! 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del estudio postelectoral de las elecciones autonómicas en Cataluña del año 2017, realizado por el Equipo de Investigaciones Políticas (EIP) de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). ! ! C7!.92B2!.7!*"0AX6!2<:4050D!92=!:.5:2D!?5!1.B2=!/292=:0!34?6.6.52!I?56.105:.62D!05!?5!$*oD!05!07! :=.:2!45.603?.62!J?0!72/!3.:.7.50/[email protected]!=034<462!92=!9.=:0!607!q2<40=52!m].<7.!,#n"!C/:0!12:4H2D!.7! 4E?.7!J?0!07!325H05341405:2!60!7.!10F2=.!03258143.!B!/234.7!J?0!325770H.=G.!7.!/030/485!m(*onD!B! 7.!325309:?.74_.3485!60!S.:.7?^.!3212!?5.!5.3485!m(("&onD!/25!324534605:0/!325!72/!.=E?105:2/! 4560905605:4/:./!/0^.7.62/!9=0H4.105:0"!`2!2</:.5:0D!0/!4192=:.5:0!.:0560=!.7!#$"*o!J?0!.70E.5!7.! 70E4:4146.6!B!60=03@2!60!7.!/23406.6!9.=.!603464=!/?!I?:?=2D!.!90/.=!60!J?0!05!/?!1.B2=G.!52!9=0/05:.5! ?5.!9=0I0=0534.!92=!7.!456090560534.!3212!/27?3485!:0==4:2=4.7!m;4H0=.!B!\.=V4_D!#+(*n"!C7!1.=32!607! *"0AX6!@.! 72E=.62! 325305:=.=!05!?5! 9=2B03:2!321K5!.! ?5.! 9.=:0!60!7.! /23406.6!@./:.!05:2530/! 60/74E.6.!607!4560905605:4/12D!E=.34./!.!7.!5.:?=.70_.!=04H45643.:4H.!.:=4<?46.!.7!9=2942!9=230/2D!05! 07!J?0!32192505:0/!:=.643425.7105:0!H453?7.62/!325!07!5.3425.74/12!/25!=070E.62/!.!?5!/0E?562! 97.52!mU.==04=2D!#+(*n"!! !Tabla 52. Motivos de apoyo al procès (2017) Motivos (%)! 2017! Entiendo que Cataluña es una nación! 11.8! No me siento español! 4.8! C reo que Cataluña no ha sido tratada adecuadamente por parte del Gobierno de España en los últimos años!36.0! D eseo que la sociedad catalana tenga el derecho a decidir ! 23.6 ! Hay motivos históricos que lo sustentan! 5.8! Creo que el futuro económico de Cataluña y de la sociedad catalana sería mejor fuera de España! 16.0! Otros! 1.6! NS/NC! 0.4! TOTAL' 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del estudio postelectoral de las elecciones autonómicas en Cataluña del año 2017, realizado por el Equipo de Investigaciones Políticas (EIP) de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). ! ! ! -O[;O!TCf\gL!hijk[Cj!! ! ! %#! C5!3.1<42D!7.!292/43485!.7!*"0AX6!0/!0P9743.6.!05!1V/!60!?5!&+o!92=!7.!/05/.3485!60!10F2=.! 605:=2!607!1.=32!325/:4:?3425.7!B!0?=2902!m$("$onD!7.!=?9:?=.!607!325/05/2!B!325H4H0534.!05!C/9.^.! m$+"(onD!92=!325/460=.=!J?0!0/!?5!:01.!J?0!.I03:.!.7!325F?5:2!607!C/:.62!m(+"%onD!2!92=!7.!I.7:.!60! .3?0=62!B!325/05/2!/234.7!m(+",on!m].<7.!,$n"! !Tabla 53. Motivos de oposición al procès (2017) Motivos (%)! 2017! Soy español! 9.5! Entiendo que Cataluña no es una nación! 4.2! N o me siento catalán ! 0.1 ! Creo que Cataluña tendría una mejor situación de futuro dentro de España y de la UE! 31.3! Creo que es un tema que afecta a todos los españoles! 10.7! Es un tema que rompe el consenso y la convivencia existente en España! 30.1! La mayoría de los catalanes no estamos de acuerdo! 10.5! Otros! 3.2! NS/NC! 0.5! TOTAL' 100.0! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos del estudio postelectoral de las elecciones autonómicas en Cataluña del año 2017, realizado por el Equipo de Investigaciones Políticas (EIP) de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). ! ! >2=!K7:412D!.^.64=012/!J?0D!/4!<405!05:=0!72/!9.=:46.=42/!607!*"0Ao6!05325:=.12/!3.:.7.50/!325:=.=42/! .!7.!/030/485D!9=0/05:.5!?5!90=I47!/4147.=!.7!60!72/!34?6.6.52/!4560905605:4/:./!05!:2=52!.!62/!%66)-6Z! 4605:46.6!B!7460=._E2!m\.=V4_!0:!.7"D!#+(*n"!-.!0/:=.:0E4.!419?7/.6.!92=!O=:?=!N./!@.!72E=.62!60/.I4.=! B! =060I454=! 7./! =0E7./! 60! 32190:43485! 927G:43.! 325H053425.70/D! B! @.! /?9?0/:2! 7.! =?9:?=.! 607! 0F0! 460278E432D! 325643425.562! 0! 45I7?B0562D! ./GD! 05! 07! 32192=:.1405:2! /234.7D! 927G:432! B! 0703:2=.7! m;4H0=.!B!\.=V4_D!#+(*n"! ! 2(2(W('0<@'@ABCEKEABC<@'_?DE?'>?'M<>RCED?'L'>?@'AK<DE<BA@'AQ<D?F?@'M<G'><@'M?GCEF<@'L' >RFAGA@'M<>RCED<@'D?C?>?BA@'' M40562!7.!0/I0=.!.I03:4H.!07!0F0!305:=.7!60!5?0/:=2!:=.<.F2D!60643.=012/!7./!9=8P41./!7G50./!.7! 3252341405:2!60!7.!/23406.6!3.:.7.5.!60/60!?5.!89:43.!0123425.7"!>.=.!0772D!.:0560=012/!.!72/!6.:2/! 60!2945485!=032947.62/!.!9.=:4=!60!72/!0/:?642/!9?<743.62/!92=!07!SfM!6?=.5:0!72/!.^2/!#+((!B!#+(%D! B!.7!0/:?642!92/:0703:2=.7!60!7./!070334250/!.?:258143./!05!S.:.7?^.!05!#+(%!=0.74_.62!92=!07!607! CJ?492!60!f5H0/:4E.34250/!>27G:43./!60!7.![MSD!72!J?0!52/!90=14:4=V!325230=!72/!/05:41405:2/[email protected].! 7.!927G:43.!B!7./!01234250/!J?0!60/940=:.5!72/!9=45349.70/!.3:2=0/!927G:432/!3219=210:462/!325!07! 9=2B03:2!4560905605:4/:.!2!325/:4:?3425.74/:."!! -.!].<7.!,)D!].<7.!,,D!].<7.!,*!B!].<7.!,%!=032E05!07!92=305:.F0!60!34?6.6.52/l./!J?0! 6037.=.5!/05:4=!.7EK5!/05:41405:[email protected].!7.!927G:43.!60!.3?0=62!325!?5!2=605!/03?0534.7!/0EK5!/?! 9=0H.70534."!`2!2</:.5:0D!05!0/:0!3./2!=0.74_.=012/!?5.!703:?=.!.E=0E.6.!60!72/!6.:2/!05!7.!J?0! :056=012/!05!3?05:.!7.!/?1.!60!72/!92=305:.F0/!32==0/9256405:0/!.!7./!3./477./!(!B!#"!-2/!=0/?7:.62/D! =0I70F.62/!05!07!q=VI432!#)D!1?0/:=.5D!05!:W=1452/!E72<.70/D!3812!7.!4==4:.3485D!07!.<?==41405:2D!B! 1V/!52:.<70105:0!7.!60/325I4.5_.!0H27?3425.5!60!I2=1.!50E.:4H.!.!9.=:4=!607!.^2!#+(#D!324534640562! 325!07!3.1<42!60!0/:=.:0E4.!607!J0S-"&!B!/?!.9?0/:.!92=!07!60=03@2!.!603464=!B!7.!456090560534."! O?5J?0!1.5:40505!/[email protected]!72/!34:.62/!/05:41405:2/!60F.5!9./2!.7!3219=214/2D!.7!05:?/4./12! B!.7!45:0=W/D!J?0!05!#+(,!/0!/4:K.!05!/0E?56.!92/43485D!./305640562!@./:.!7.!9=410=.!05!#+(%"!! ! ! O?5J?0!1.5:40505!/[email protected]! 7!45:0=W/D!J?0!05!#+(,!/0!/4:K.!05!/0E?56.!92/43485D!./305640562!@./:.!7.!9=410=.!05!#+(%"! ff"!SL`]Cs][O-fjOSfg`! ! !!! %$! Gráfico 24. Evolución de los sentimientos hacia la política (2011-2017) y comparativa entre partidos independentistas según recuerdo de voto ! Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos recogidos en la página web del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS): http://www.analisis.cis.es/cisdb.jsp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abla 54. Principales sentimientos que la política inspira a los catalanes/as (2011-2017) Sentimientos (%) 2011 2012 2015 2017 Oct. Oct. Sep. Dic. 1° 2° 1° 2° 1° 2° 1° 2° Entusiasmo 2.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 6.2 3.1 4.0 3.0 Indiferencia 13.1 12.4 7.7 7.2 8.8 7.3 6.3 6.5 Aburrimiento 12.9 13.1 10.1 13.6 11.1 10.3 11.2 8.2 Desconfianza 44.1 25.0 51.5 25.5 35.6 23.4 32.4 18.3 Compromiso 4.2 4.2 6.4 4.0 10.7 10.6 13.8 10.4 Irritación 14.4 23.8 16.6 29.2 9.1 18.1 11.1 17.9 Interés 7.9 7.2 5.9 9.7 17.0 14.8 18.7 17.0 NS 0.7 5.2 0.2 3.0 1.0 4.4 0.8 6.7 NC 0.2 8.2 0.0 5.4 0.6 7.8 1.7 12.0 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de los datos recogidos en la página web del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS): http://www.analisis.cis.es/cisdb.jsp ! 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Síntesis: tipología de emociones primarias Autor/es Emociones primarias Arnold (1960) Anger, aversion, courage, dejection, desire, despair, fear, hate, hope, love, sadness Ekman et al. (1982) Anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise Gray (1982) Anxiety, joy, rage, terror Izard (1971) Anger, contempt, disgust, distress, fear, guilt, interest, joy, shame, surprise James (1884) Fear, grief, love, rage McDougall (1926) Anger, disgust, elation, fear, subjection, tender-emotion, wonder Mowrer (1960) Pain, pleasure Oatley y Johnson-Laird (1987) Anger, anxiety, disgust, happiness, sadness Osgood et al. (1975) Amazement, anger, anxiety/sorrow, boredom, disgust, fear, interest/expectancy, joy, quiet/pleasure Panksepp (1982) Expectancy, fear, rage, panic Parrott (2001) Anger, fear, joy, love, sadness, surprise Plutchik (1980) Trust, anger, anticipation, disgust, joy, fear, sadness, surprise Tomkins (1984) Anger, interest, contempt, disgust, distress, fear, joy, shame, surprise Turner (2002) Assertion/anger, aversion/fear, disappointment/sadness, satisfaction/happiness Watson (1930) Fear, love, rage Weiner y Graham (1984) Happiness, sadness Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de Liu (2017), Osgood et al. 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Opinión: estructura % Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de la definición de opinión delimitada por Liu (2015) % !:%642<982:6:%<B828?2%;4D>7:;%]")?6-,"2#!1*1#*^E%B<;%@>O:5%@:;:@34;I538@:5%42@:G:%42%7:%645@;8B@8?2% :234;8<;E%@>423:%:% 5>% C4H% @<2% 6<5% 5>P38B<5o%<B828?2%68;4@3:%]B1")$/2#!1*1#*^% O% <B828?2% 8268;4@3:% ]1*B1")$/2#!1*1#*^J%'2%7:%B;894;:%64%477:5E%42@<23;:9<5%:7>58<245%:%>2:%42386:6%<%5>]5^%:3;8P>3<]5^E% 98423;:5%A>4E%42%47%54D>26<%@:5<E%7:%<B828?2%4MB;45:6:%5<P;4%>2:%42386:6%<%5>]5^%:3;8P>3<]5^%54% % `a%n89%O%h<CO%]U11j^%864238=8@:2%>2%3<3:7%64%@>:3;<%4749423<5%5>5@4B38P745%64%54;%:2:78H:6<5o%/#!1$2]Z^E2#!1*1#*25#-B)"2]h^E2@)-1)82]g^% O2#!1*1#*2(,-)*$)2],^J% Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de la definición de opinión deli (((J%f"$R+%Z'*$(R+% % Vaa% =>26:9423:%42%7<5%4=4@3<5%B<5838C<5%<%24D:38C<5%D424;:6<5%B<;%<3;:%]!8>E%U1Vj^J%"649F5%64%453:% @7:58=8@:@8?2E%O%@<2382>:26<%@<2%7:%54@>42@8:%7?D8@:%64%7:%64=828@8?2%64%<B828?2E%B<649<5%685382D>8;% <3;:5% C:;8:2345% 54DW2% 47% 45A>49:% 64% @7:58=8@:@8?2% 49B74:6<J% '2% 4534% @:5<E% :P<;6:;49<5% @>:3;<% 9<647<5%]'5A>49:%j^o%VJ%+B828<245%@<9B:;:38C:5%]$#.!,",/1()2#!1*1#*&^b%UJ%+B828<245%5>PG438C:5% O%P:5:6:5%42%L4@L<5%]&6@C)$/1()2,*B28,$/F1.!-1)B2#!1*1#*&^b%aJ%+B828<245%42%B;894;:%B4;5<2:%<%64% >2%34;@4;<%]81"&/F!)"&#*2,*B2*#*F81"&/F!)"&#*2#!1*1#*&^b%`J%+B828<245%5<P;4%<3;:5%].)/,F#!1*1#*&^% ])826:7%O%!8>E%U11c:E%U11cPb%!8>E%U1Vj^J% %Esquema 5. Opinión: clasificación % Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir del esquema de clasificación propuesto por Liu (2015) y Jindal y Liu (2006a, 2006b). % !:5% <B828<245% @<9B:;:38C:5% ]$#.!,",/1()2 #!1*1#*&^% L:2% 586<% :9B78:94234% 453>68:6:5% B<;% 7<5% 782Ds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c:b% !8>E% U1Vj^J% !:5% <B828<245% @<9B:;:38C:5% k);!")&&)&2 ,2 ")-,/1#*2 #82 &1.1-,"1/1)&2 #"2 B188)")*$)&2@)/D))*2/D#2#"2.#")2)*/1/1)&2,*Bm#"2,2!")8)")*$)2#82/5)2#!1*1#*25#-B)"2@,&)B2#*2&#.)2 &5,")B2 ,&!)$/&2 #82 /5)2 )*/1/1)&l% ]!8>E% U1VjE% BJa`^J% Y4DW2% 5>% 453;>@3>;:E% B<649<5% 438A>43:;7:5% 42% 68=4;42345%@:34D<;I:5J%)826:7%O%!8>%]U11c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c:E%U11cP^J%% % !:5%<B828<245%5>PG438C:5%O%P:5:6:5%42%L4@L<5%]&6@C)$/1()2,*B28,$/F1.!-1)B2#!1*1#*&^%3:9B<@<% 453F2%4M423:5%64%@<9B78@:@8<245%B;F@38@:5J%#2:% <B828?2%5>PG438C:% k1&2,2 ")?6-,"2#"2 $#.!,",/1()2 #!1*1#*2?1()*21*2,2&6@C)$/1()2&/,/).)*/l%]!8>E%U1VjE%BJa`^%A>4%2<%5849B;4%89B78@:%7:%B;4542@8:%64% 5423898423<E%O:%54:%42%>2%542386<%B<5838C<%<%24D:38C<J%Q4564%>2%B>23<%64%C853:%34?;8@<E%:5<@8:9<5% ?",B,@-) ^J%'2%7:5%@<9B:;:38C:5%@:78=8@:P745%54%<P54;C:%>2:%;47:@8?2%9:O<; A>4%B>464%;45B<264;%:%3;45%@;834;8<5J%'2%=>2@8?2%647%38B<%64%;47:@8?2%A>4%54%453:P74@4E%@:P4% 685382D>8;%423;4% *#* F :7D>2:5%42386:645E% )O61/,/1()A2 !"#$"%&'()*+%,-./#'.%% % % Va`% 3:23<% <B828<245% @<9<% 5423898423<5% @<2% >2% @7:;<% @<9B<24234% 823;I254@<o% 7:% 5>PG438C86:6J% Y82% 49P:;D<E%42% 47%742D>:G4%45@;83<% B<649<5% 42@<23;:;%4MB;458<245%A>4E%:W2%;4=8;8T26<54% :% 453:6<5% 49<@8<2:745E% L:2% 64% ;4@<2<@4;54% @<9<% <;:@8<245% <PG438C:5% <% =F@38@:5E% 7:5% @>:745% 4MB;45:2% k,2 B)&1",@-)2#"26*B)&1",@-)28,$/2#"2,$/1#*l%]!8>E%U1VjE%BJa`^J%Q423;<%64%477:5E%@<2C8424%<3<;D:;%>2% 3;:3:98423<%45B4@8:7%54DW2%54%3;:34%64%<B828<245%B4;5<2:745E%:5423:6:5%42%7:%B;<B8:%4MB4;842@8:E%<%2<% B4;5<2:745E% B;<6>@3<% 64% 82=<;9:@8?2% B;<C4284234% 64% =>42345% 54@>26:;8:5% ]!)"&#*,-2 8,$/F1.!-1)B2 #!1*1#*2(&2*#*F!)"&#*,-28,$/F1.!-1)B2#!1*1#*^%]!8>E%U1Vj^J%R<2%;45B4@3<%:%4534%B>23<%@:P4%;4:78H:;E% 42%3T;982<5%49BI;8@<5E%6<5%B>23>:78H:@8<245J%X;894;<E%:@3>:794234%7:5%<;:@8<245%2<%B4;5<2:745%2<% 64P42%@<25864;:;54%<B828<245E%B>45%2<%54%P:5:2%42%7:%B;<B8:%4MB4;842@8:%<%4C:7>:@8?2J%!:%;:H?2%B<;% 7:%A>4%2<%L:2%64%54;%<PG43<%64%:2F78585%;45B<264E%42%P>42:%94686:E%:%7<%58D>84234o%3:7%O%@<9<%54% ;4@<D4%42%47%:B:;3:6<%aJjJVE%7D1//)"%45%7:%B7:3:=<;9:%@>O:%82=<;9:@8?2%@<25383>O4%47%@<;B>5%64%7:% 9:O<;%B:;34%64%7:5%82C4538D:@8<245%42%47%F;4:%647%0)*/1.)*/23*,-4&1&J%!:5%B:;38@>7:;86:645%64%453:%;46% 5<@8:7%B4;98342%:%7<5%>5>:;8<5%2<%5<7<%B>P78@:;%2>4C<5%9425:G45%582<%3:9P8T2%68C>7D:;%7<5%64%<3;<5J% '5%64@8;E%47%@;8P:6<%A>4%4M@7>O4%<B828<245%2<%B4;5<2:745%647%B;<@45:98423<%:2:7I38@<%=:C<;4@4%7:% 5474@@8?2%64%:A>47%@<234286<%D424;:6<%4M@7>58C:94234%B<;%@:6:%8268C86><J%tE%42%54D>26<%7>D:;E%7:% B;<6>@@8?2%@8423I=8@:%54%L:%64@:23:6<%B<;%47%B;<@45:98423<%64%7:5%<B828<245%5>PG438C:5E%98423;:5%A>4% 7<5%3;:P:G<5%5<P;4%<B828<245%<PG438C:5%5<2%9F5%78983:6<5%]!8>E%U1Vj^J% % !:5%<B828<245%42%B;894;:%B4;5<2:%]81"&/F!)"&#*2#!1*1#*^E%8264B4268423494234%64%58%:7>642%64% =<;9:%4MB7I@83:E%<%58%54%B;<6>@4%>2:%942@8?2%68;4@3:%:%>2%B;<2<9P;4E%5<2%:A>477:5%A>4%4MB;45:2%7:% :@383>6%64%>2%8268C86><%L:@8:%>2:%42386:6J%'2%@:9P8<E%7:5%<B828<245%64%>2%34;@4;<%]*#*F81"&/F!)"&#*2 #!1*1#*&^%9:28=8453:2%@;442@8:5%64%<3;:%B4;5<2:%5<P;4%>2:%42386:6%<%349:%6434;982:6<%]!8>E%U1Vj^J%% % &82:794234E%7:5%<B828<245%P:5:6:5%42%<3;:5%].)/,F#!1*1#*&^%2<%L:2%645B4;3:6<%47%9859<% 8234;T5% A>4% 7:5% :234;8<;45% B<;% B:;34% 64% 7<5% 82C4538D:6<;45E% O:% A>4% 5>% B;4542@8:% 42% 7<5% 34M3<5% 45% @<25864;:P7494234%942<;J%Y4%3;:3:%64%>2:%<B828?2%82@7>86:%42%>2:%<;:@8?2%5>P<;682:6:%A>4%4MB;45:% <3;:%<B828?2%<PG438C:%<%5>PG438C:%5<P;4%>2%L4@L<%@<2@;43<%]!8>E%U1Vj^J% % aJjJaJUJ%Y423898423<% %% % +3;<%64%7<5%@<2@4B3<5%3;:5@426423:745%6423;<%647%]!1*1#*2K1*1*?245%47%64%5423898423<% ]&)*/1.)*/^%]'5A>49:%c^J%R<2382>:26<%@<2%7:%7?D8@:%:234;8<;E%649:;@:;49<5%5>%58D28=8@:6<%B:;:E%:% @<2382>:@8?2E%B;<=>268H:;%42%3<;2<%:%5>5%B:;38@>7:;86:645J%% % k0)*/1.)*/21&2/5)26*B)"-41*?28))-1*?A2,//1/6B)A2)(,-6,/1#*A2#"2).#/1#*2,&&#$1,/)B2D1/52,*2 #!1*1#*L2R/21&2")!")&)*/)B2,&2,2/"1!-)2Py, o, iQ2D5)")2y21&2/5)2/4!)2#82/5)2&)*/1.)*/A2o21&2/5)2 #"1)*/,/1#*2#82/5)2&)*/1.)*/A2,*B2i21&2/5)21*/)*&1/42#82/5)2&)*/1.)*/l%]!8>E%U1VjE%BJVj^L2 %Esquema 6. Sentimiento: estructura % Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de la definición de opinión delimitada por Liu (2015) % (((J%f"$R+%Z'*$(R+% % Vaj% Q4564%>2:% B4;5B4@38C:% @<9B:;:6:E% 58%P842%k#!1*1U*l%L:@4% ;4=4;42@8:% k/#2 P\Q2/5)2D5#-)2 $#*$)!/2#82&)*/1.)*/A2)(,-6,/1#*A2,!!",1&,-A2#"2,//1/6B)2,*B2,&&#$1,/)B21*8#".,/1#*A2&6$52,&2/5)2 #!1*1#*2/,"?)/2,*B2/5)2!)"&#*2D5#25#-B&2/5)2#!1*1#*l%]!8>E%U1VjE%BJU^E%47%3T;982<%k&)*/1.1)*/#l% 89B78@:%k/5)26*B)"-41*?2!#&1/1()2#"2*)?,/1()28))-1*?21.!-1)B2@42#!1*1#*l%]!8>E%U1VjE%BJU^J%+3;<%B>23<% 68=4;42@8:7%45%A>4%98423;:5%7:5%<B828<245%5<2%8234;B;43:@8<245%B4;5<2:745%A>4%B>4642%3424;%<%2<%>2:% @:;D:%49<@8<2:7E%7<5%5423898423<5%5<2%@<253;>@@8<245%5<@8:745%64%49<@8<245%@<253:2345%42%47%3849B<% ]f>24@4;<%43%:7JE%U1V`^J%Q8@L<%64%<3;<%9<6<E%42342649<5%7:5%<B828<245%@<9<%>2%B>23<%64%C853:%<% B4;5B4@38C:%82L4;4234%:%@:6:%8268C86><E%O%7<5%5423898423<5%@<9<%<B828<245%@:;D:6:5%64%49<@8<245% 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