Livestock production development in AP Vojvodina

Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 501 Li es ock p oduc ion de elopmen in AP Voj odina SNEŽANA TRIVUNOVIĆ – LJUBA ŠTRBAC – DOBRILA JANKOVIĆ – DRAŠKO IVANOVIĆ – IVAN RADOVIĆ – MILE MIRKOV – IVAN PIHLER – SINIŠA BJEDOV – MOMČILO ŠARAN Uni e si y o No i Sad, Facul y o Ag icul u e, No i Sad, Se bia snezana. i uno ic@s oca s o.edu. s Summa y The aim o his pape is o p esen he e ec s o b eeding p og am implemen a ion on he de elopmen o animal b eeding in Voj odina since 2010. Da a om he Main b eeding o ganiza ion (con olled popula ion) and da a om he S a is ical O ice o he Republic o Se bia ( o al popula ion) we e used as a basis o his esea ch. The main b eeding o ganiza ion is he Depa man o Animal Science, Facul y o Ag icul u e, Uni e si y o No i Sad ha implemen ed he main b eeding p og ams in ca le, pig, sheep, goa , ho se and poul y p oduc ion. The milk yield in a eco ded popula ion o Hols ein F iesian and Simmen al cows shows e iden pheno ypic inc easing end as opposed o a popula ion ha is no con olled. The esul s o he selec ion measu es in Voj odina show ha pig b eeding has an upwa d end and ha we ha e an inc easing numbe o small and medium ( amily) a ms. In e es in sheep and goa p oduc ion is inc easing p ima ily because o he high demand o p oduc s made om sheep mea and goa milk and mea . In he ecen decades, Voj odina has been aced wi h a dec ease in he numbe o ho ses. A he same ime, he e is an inc easing in e es in spo s ho ses and ec ea ion. Acco ding o poul y p oduc ion esul s o pa en al locks, an inc easing endency was obse ed in he p oduc ion o con olled locks ecen ly, while he numbe o b eeding s ock b eede s was educed. Keywo ds: li es ock p oduc ion, b eeding p og ams, popula ion size In oduc ion In he Republic o Se bia li es ock b eeding is he leading b anch o ag icul u e. 77.5% o he o al numbe o ag icul u al holdings a e engaged in li es ock p oduc ion (Popo ić, 2014). Acco ding o his esea ch, almos eigh ou o en a ms ha e a leas one li es ock line in he p oduc ion s uc u e, while a ms wi h li es ock p oduc ion lines use 70% o ag icul u al land and he dominan sha e o o he esou ces, such as labo and mechaniza ion. The au ho also poin s o he egionaliza ion o li es ock p oduc ion in he Republic o Se bia. Pig a ming is mos ly concen a ed in Voj odina, wi h 41% o he animals. Ca le p oduc ion is mos ly loca ed in he cen al pa o Se bia, while in he e i o y o Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 502 Voj odina, 27.8% o he ca le a e b ed. The numbe o sheep b ed in he Voj odina is 20%, he goa 31%, and he poul y 45% o he o al numbe o animals. No ko ić e al. (2011) in he esea ch ela ed o li es ock p oduc ion in Voj odina om 2001 o 2009 included he economically signi ican ypes o li es ock (ca le, pigs, sheep and poul y) wi h he aim o quan i a i e analysis o p oduc ion changes and compa isons o hem wi h Hunga y. The au ho s calcula ed a endency o sligh dec ease o basic he d o pigs (-0.69%), s agna ion o cows and hei e s as well as poul y (0.12% and -0.11%), while in sheep a ming hey calcula ed a high g ow h a e due o impo o b eeding animals (7.87%). Compa ed o Hunga y, he au ho s poin o an un a o able si ua ion ha is e lec ed in a lowe concen a ion o almos all species o li es ock. The bigges di e ences a e in ca le and sheep b eeding, and he smalles in pig b eeding, while he concen a ion o poul y is e en sligh ly be e han in Hunga y. Aleksić e al. (2009) assessed he s a e o li es ock in Se bia as no iable, poin ing ou ha he numbe o animals o all species is cons an ly dec easing, which is especially no iceable o emale animals used in ep oduc ion (p egnan cows and hei e s, p egnan sows and gil s, b eeding sheep and goa s). To make li es ock p oduc ion economically iable, i is necessa y o ha e clea ly de ined b eeding goals o be achie ed, as well as p og ams o hei ealiza ion (Bogdano ić e al., 2005). Selec ion o li es ock in Voj odina ins i u ionally s a ed wi h he es ablishmen o he P o incial Li es ock Ins i u e in 1950. O e he yea s, he o ganiza ional s uc u e has been changed se e al imes, and inally by en e ing in o o ce o he Li es ock Ac (O icial Gaze e o RS 41/09), Depa men o Animal Husband y, Facul y o Ag icul u e in No i Sad, in 2010, ecei ed “Decision on en ollmen in he Regis e o B eeding O ganiza ions o he Minis y o Ag icul u e, Fo es y and Wa e Managemen “ as he Main b eeding o ganiza ion o he Au onomous P o ince o Voj odina (AP Voj odina) and he same yea s a ed he implemen a ion o he Main b eeding p og ams. The aim o his pape is o p esen he e ec s o b eeding p og ams implemen a ion on he de elopmen o animal b eeding in Voj odina since 2010. Ma e ial and me hods As a ma e ial o his esea ch da a om Main b eeding o ganiza ion (con olled popula ion) and da a om S a is ical O ice o he Republic o Se bia ( o al popula ion) we e used. Main b eeding o ganiza ion collec s, p ocess and analyzes da a ela ed o popula ion size and p oduc i i y in con olled popula ion o animals. Da a we e collec ed om p ima y and Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 503 egional b eeding o ganiza ions, h ough qua e ly epo ing documen a ion and annual selec ion e iew which is obliga o y e en de ined in he main b eeding p og ams. Resul s and discussion Ca le p oduc ion The dominan b eed in con olled ca le popula ion in Voj odina is Hols ein-F iesian (HF). Acco ding o he Main b eeding o ganiza ion, he Hols ein-F iesian (HF) b eed in 2005. cons i u ed 98% o he con olled ca le popula ion in Voj odina (Main b eeding o ganiza ion, 2011), bu o e he las en yea s, he b eed s uc u e has changed and he e is an inc easing in e es in dualpu pose (Simmen al and B own Swiss) and a ening b eeds o ca le (He e o d, Angus, Limousine and Sha oles). In 2017 he b eed s uc u e o he con olled ca le popula ion in Voj odina cons i u ed 76% HF b eed, 21% Simmen al and 3.16% o he b eeds. The size o he o al and con olled popula ion o Hols ein-F iesian and Simmen al cows and hei e s since 2010 is inc easing, as well as he p opo ion o he con olled in ela ion o he o al popula ion o cows and hei e s in Voj odina (Figu e 1). The aim o inc easing he con olled popula ion was achie ed o bo h b eeds, gi en ha he popula ion o Hols ein-F iesian cows in 2017 inc eased by 81.90% compa ed o 2010, and Simmen al by 204.27%. The p opo ion o he con olled in he o al popula ion o ca le in Voj odina in 2017 inc eased by 26.32% compa ed o 2010 and e lec s he in e es o a me s o he implemen a ion o b eeding p og ams on hei a ms. I is also he esul o inc eased incen i es o gene ic imp o emen o li es ock by he Minis y o Ag icul u e, Fo es y and Wa e Managemen o he Republic o Se bia. In some o he coun ies o Cen al and Eas e n Eu ope sha e anges om 77.8% in Aus ia o 93.9% in Czech Republic, while in he Poland is 30.5% (Bucek e al., 2014). Conside ing he o al and con olled cows and hei e s popula ion size, he e is oom o u he inc ease o he a io o con olled in ela ion o he o al ca le popula ion. The a e age milk yields in a eco ded (HF, Simmen al) and o al popula ion (Figu e 2), shows an inc easing pheno ypic end o his e y impo an p oduc ion ai in eco ded popula ion, as well as highe absolu e alues, in con as o o al popula ion, indica ing he impac o implemen a ion o b eeding p og ams. Howe e , al hough he a e age milk yield o HF popula ion inc eased by 10%, he goal o 7500 kg o milk in 305-d lac a ion has no been achie ed. The yield o mo e han 5000 kg o milk o he Simmen al b eed has been achie ed in he las yea o b eeding p og am implemen a ion. Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 504 Figu e 1. Size o he o al and eco ded cows and hei e s popula ion and sha e o eco ded ela i e o he o al popula ion in he pe iod 2010–2017 Figu e 2. Pheno ypic ends o 305-d milk yield o Hols ein F iesian, Simmen al and o al popula ion in he pe iod 2010–2017 Inc ease o milk yield in he pe iod 2010–2017 is 1479 kg o he HF and 1580 kg o he Simmen al cows. Milk a yield and con en also shows inc easing pheno ypic end in bo h b eeds; milk a yield was inc eased by 50 kg in he HF ( a con en , 3.78% s. 3.36%) and by 55 kg 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 44,3% 52,8% 56,7% 62,8% 62,6% 72,1% 67,1% 70,6% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Reco ded 45651 53344 61091 68474 75728 81526 86553 91132 To al 103000 101000 107779 109000 121000 113000 129000 129000 3897 3812 3169 4390 4458 4462 3592 3592 4709 4833 5365 5387 5828 5745 5987 6285 5505 5797 6356 6307 6521 6804 6886 6984 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 To al popula ion Voj odina Reco ded Simmen al Reco ded HF Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 505 in he Simmen al ( a con en 3.92% s. 3.52%) (Main b eeding o ganiza ion, 2018). Gi en he gene ic po en ial o he HF cows o milk p oduc ion, de e mined a e age milk yield in he HF popula ion in Voj odina is no sa is ac o y. The a e age milk yield and milk a con en o HF cows a e lowe in ela ion o C oa ia (7889, 4.0%) (CAA, 2018), as well as in ela ion o Slo enia (8042, 3.97%) (Kme ijski Ins i u Slo enije, 2018). Bu , we need o know ha he HF popula ion in Voj odina is e y he e ogeneous in many pa ame e s (he d managemen , selec ion ac i i ies, he d size, e c.). In he o me la ge s a e a ms, o example, he a e age milk yield o HF cows a e 8500 kg. The a e age milk yield o Simmen al cows in Voj odina is highe in ela ion o C oa ia (5030 kg, 4.01%), as well as in ela ion o Slo enia (5873 kg, 4.10%). Dai y p oduc ion is a signi ican b anch o ag icul u e and he o e all economy in Voj odina. As well as p e iously analyzes (T i uno ić e al., 2015), his a icle shows signi ican posi i e e ec s o implemen a ion o b eeding p og ams o HF and Simmen al ca le on he o e all pe o mance o dai y ca le. In he egion o ex-Yugosla ia, he sha e o he eco ded ela i e o he o al popula ion is inc easing, as well as he a e age milk yield, while he o al popula ion size is dec easing, (S oko ić e al., 2007). Beginning o he bee ca le eco ding sys em and he es ablishmen o a da abase o he selec ion and u he imp o emen o bee ca le is ela ed o he Depa men o Animal Husband y, Facul y o Ag icul u e in No i Sad, o he second hal o 2013. In 2013, a o al o 1223 heads o bee ca le we e aised in Voj odina: He e o d-1038, Limousine-45, Sha ole-44, Angus-96. In 2017, he numbe o eco ded bee ca le was 2063: He e o d 1064, Sha ole-266, Limousin-109, Angus-587. Pig p oduc ion Con olling he p oduc i i y o sows is a measu e aimed a acking p oduc ion esul s (concep ion, a owing a e, e ili y, ma e nal e ec , and o he s p oduc ion ai s) in o de o pe o m an app op ia e selec ion o pa en s o p oduce he nex gene a ion. The numbe o sows unde p oduc i i y con ol is s ill on he ise and has a posi i e end line (Table 1). The con ol o he p oduc i i y o he boa s a e a selec ion measu e ha ollows he p oduc ion indica o s o boa s (bo e e iciency, li e size, pigle s wi h anomalies, quali y o spe m and o he s p oduc ion ai s), whe e he aim is o choose boa which acco ding o hei p oduc ion cha ac e is ics co espond o he aim o p oduc ion. Also, due o he pu chase o seeds om a i icial insemina ion cen e s, in o de o a oid b eeding animals who ha e common ances o s and o imp o e Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 506 p oduc i i y by using he highes quali y boa s, he numbe o boa s unde con ol addi ionally oscilla es. Table 1. Numbe o animals unde p oduc i i y con ol Yea Con ol o sow p oduc i i y Con ol o p oduc i i y boa s Numbe o sows in Voj odina (S a is ical O ice o he Republic o Se bia) Sows unde con ol in popula ion (%) 2010 37,915 843 139,000 27.28 2011 38,476 827 121,000 31.80 2012 27,547 388 - - 2013 34,001 461 103,000 33.01 2014 28,714 584 115,000 24.97 2015 32,809 552 119,000 27.57 2016 40,686 504 110,000 36.99 2017 38,193 578 108,000 35.36 The ai s ha measu ed by pe o mance es and ai s ha a e included in he calcula ion o he selec ion index a e: back a hickness and side a hickness, dep h o musculus longissimus (MLD) and li e gain. The esul s o he pe o mance es ing o boa s a e shown in Table 2. We can see ha he numbe o es ed boa s a e dec easing, which is also eco ded by T i uno ić e al. (2014). One o he consequences o he dec easing he numbe o es ed animal is inc eased impo o animals, and he use o semen om a i icial insemina ion cen e s. The esul s ob ained by he pe o mance es a e shown in Table 2. Based on he da a o he es esul s (weigh gain, eed con e sion, back a hickness, % o mea in ca casses, numbe o i s, cons i u ion, size and numbe o li e om which o igina es), he bes boa s should be selec ed (Yoo and Lee, 2011). The da a a e encou aging, since he e ec o he con inuous implemen a ion o he Main B eeding P og am, and he las 10 yea s s a e s imula ion o a me s in he p oduc ion o quali y b eeding ma e ial, gi es posi i e esul s. I should also be said ha he li e gain and MLD a e also inc easing, while he back a hickness and side a hickness a e in decline. Rado ić e al. (2015) also eco ded a posi i e esul s (inc easing) li e gain and MLD in pe o mance es gil s. Selec ion p essu e should be inc eased o economically impo an ai s. Also, i is necessa y o es b eeding me hods and imp o e hem. In o de o achie e he app op ia e selec ion success, con inui y is needed, which can be achie ed by s able ma ke and p oduc ion wi hou majo oscilla ions. Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 507 Table 2. Resul s o he pe o mance es e o boa Yea Numbe o es ed boa s Age a he end o es , days Body weigh Li e gain, (kg days -1 ) Back a hicknes s (mm) Side a hickness (mm) MLD (mm) 2010 1294 196 111 0.556 11.1 8.1 68.2 2011 872 199 112 0.552 13.0 12.8 69.8 2012 883 187 114 0.609 17.2 16.9 74.3 2013 812 170 113 0.665 17.6 18.1 77.1 2014 987 191 112 0.585 15.92 16.38 76.69 2015 827 188 107 0.569 13.9 13.7 72.6 2016 724 186 112 0.603 12.81 13.02 74.82 2017 594 180 110 0.615 11.03 11.44 75.14 Sheep p oduc ion In ensi e sheep p oduc ion is based on gene ic po en ial and li e cycle o animal. I is mainly o ien ed owa ds inc ease o biologic bases o sheep ep oduc ion. Mos in ensi e ma ing ac i i y is du ing Oc obe and No embe and hen e ili y a e is highes (highes numbe o success ul p egnancies is achie ed wi h he highes numbe o lambs pe sheep) (Mekić e al., 2011, 2017). O he es ima ed 275,000 sheep in APV in 2017. (S a is ical O ice o he Republic o Se bia), only 29.44% we e unde he b eeding p og amme (Figu e 3). Figu e 3. To al numbe s o sheep in APV and numbe s o sheep unde b eeding con olled 0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000 2010. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. 2016 2017 255 000 233 400 270 166 247 352243 154231 000 275 000 301 206 13 034 14 229 16 924 21 001 31 996 43 507 48 318 88 676 Numbe o sheep inVoj odina Numbe o sheep unde b eeding con ol Yea Head Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 508 Sheep b eeding is con olled h ough he moni o ing o e ili y, bi h weigh o lambs, body weigh o ewes and wool p oduc ion (Table 3). In APV mos popula b eeds we e: Me ino ladscha and ile de ance, which oge he make up mo e han 88% o con olled popula ion o sheep. The a e age he d size unde he b eeding p og amme in 2017 was 55.7 heads, while mos b eede s had 30–120 heads. Table 3. Findings om sheep moni o ing unde he APV b eeding p og amme, 2017 B eed Fe ili y Bi h weigh (kg) Weaning weigh (kg) Woll p oduc ion (kg) Body weigh o ewes (kg) Be gamo 1 . 34 4 . 12 30 . 98 3 . 41 71 . 41 Tsigai 1 . 32 4 . 12 30 . 08 3 . 43 74 . 51 Choka sigai 1 . 20 3 . 59 28 . 07 3 . 41 66 . 60 Ile de F ance 1 . 47 4 . 07 30 . 66 3 . 55 68 . 63 Man mee me ino 1 . 18 5 . 39 34 . 55 4 . 43 82 . 59 Su olk 1 . 53 4 . 28 31 . 36 3 . 04 69 . 06 Cha ollais 1 . 33 4 . 19 31 . 66 3 . 41 71 . 47 Texel 1 . 66 4 . 11 31 . 24 3 . 29 72 . 77 Me ino ladscha 1 . 31 4 . 19 31 . 02 3 . 57 70 . 95 B i ish milk sheep 1 . 76 3 . 46 29 . 11 2 . 78 63 . 42 Romano sheep 2 . 40 2 . 26 19 . 00 1 . 87 55 . 74 Goa p oduc ion In Se bia goa b eeding s a ed o de elop wi h impo s o Saanen and Alpine goa s o c ossing wi h Balkan goa s o imp o e milk p oduc ion (Pihle , 2014). As in o he Eu opean coun ies, in Voj odina, goa s a e b ed mainly o milk p oduc ion, and milk yield pe head is he mos impo an p oduc ion ai s. O he es ima ed 46,393 goa s in Voj odina in 2017. (S a is ical O ice o he Republic o Se bia), only 16.09% we e unde he b eeding p og amme (Figu e 4). In Voj odina, h ee b eeds a e unde con olled b eeding – Alpine, Saanen, and Balkan – o which Alpine goa s a e he mos nume ous. The a e age he d size unde he b eeding p og amme in 2017 was 44.17 heads, while mos b eede s had 30–120 heads. Goa b eeding is con olled h ough he moni o ing o e ili y, bi h weigh o kids, body weigh o goa s and milk yield o Alpine and Saanen goa s (Table 4). Li es ock p oduc ion … S. T i uno ić e al. 509 Figu e 4. To al numbe s o goa s in APV and numbe s o goa s unde b eeding con olled Table 4. Findings om goa moni o ing unde he APV b eeding p og amme, 2017 Pa ame e Alpine Saanen Days o lac a ion 217 . 34 241 . 2 0 Fe ili y (%) 1 . 62 1 . 54 Milk (kg) 592 . 31 754 . 56 % a con en 3 . 51 3 . 22 % p o ein con en 3 . 12 3 . 20 Bi h weigh (kg) 3 . 19 2 . 81 Body weigh o goa s (kg) 54 . 80 61 . 52 Ho se p oduc ion In he las decades Voj odina has been aced wi h a dec ease in he numbe o ho ses. A he same ime, in e es o spo s ho ses and ec ea ion is inc easing. Taking in o accoun he geog aphical posi ion o ou coun y, a ailable pas u e a ea, ood p oduc ion, labo o ce, and o he sui able ac o s, we can conclude ha much mo e has o be done o imp o e his li es ock b anch. The numbe o ho ses wi hin con olled popula ion om 2010 o 2016 eco ded a posi i e end, which is he esul , i s o all, implemen a ion o he b eeding p og ams. In 2017 he e is a dec ease o numbe o ho se compa ed o 2016 by 2%. I we compa e he numbe o ho ses in he con olled popula ion wi h he da a o he S a is ical O ice o he Republic o Se bia om 2017, which ell us ha he e a e abou 6000 head o all ca ego ies in he AP Voj odina, we ob ain a pe cen age o ho ses ha a e wi hin he con olled popula ion and which is 28%. 0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 2009. 2010. 2011. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. 2016. 2017. 39 000 34 000 40 301 61 043 44 704 53 611 53 611 53 000 46 393 727 1 248 1 841 2 198 2 225 3 754 3 976 4 037 7 465 Numbe o goa inVoj odina Numbe o goa unde b eeding con ol Yea Head