Análisis SIG para el diseño de un producto turístico: la localización del municipio y del pueblo a mayor altitud de España

Cuade nos de Tu ismo, 39, (2017), 663-667 Cuade nos de Tu ismo, nº 39, (2017); pp. 663-667 Uni e sidad de Mu cia ISSN: 1139-7861 eISSN: 1989-4635 GIS ANALYSIS FOR THE DESIGN OF A TOURISTIC PRODUCT: LOCATING THE HIGHEST VILLAGE AND MUNICIPALITY OF SPAIN En ique Mon ón Chi a José Que eda Sala Vic o ia Que eda Vázquez Uni e si a Jaume I. Cas ellón de la Plana [email p o ec ed], [email p o ec ed], [email p o ec ed] 1. CURRENT STATUS. GEOGRAPHICAL TOURISM Al hough no ypi ied in he handbooks, he e is a kind o ou ism called geog aphical ou ism. Amongs o he s, he highes places o a egion o hose in he Ea h a e isi ed, as well as he sou ce and mou h o he mos impo an i e s, i e and coun ies conjunc ions and some pa allels and me idians. Good examples o his kind o ou ism a e he Moun E e es , Moun Teide, he iple con- luence o B azil, Pa aguay and A gen ina, Finis e e, he sou ces o Eb o and Tajo i e s, he Equa o , he No h Pole A c ic Ci cle in Ro anieni (Finland), o he G eenwich Obse a o y. Al hough he e a e some o hem ha dese e ememb ance, o he s a e ela ed o huge mis akes, becoming ou is ic poin s undese edly. Cape No h and he Cape o Good Hope a e good examples. These geo- ou is ic e o s a e sp ead in he whole plane , and ou coun y is no an excep ion. This is he case o Cape Tou iñan in on o Finis e e, being he mos occiden al poin o he Spanish Peninsula. I s singula i y is ecognized, howe e , no isi s a e ecei ed. In o he cases, big con o e sies appea which a e no sol ed o a e di icul o sol e. Ano he con o e sy is he i le o he highes illage o municipali y o Spain. T é elez (G anada) is de ined as he highes illage o Spain, acco ding o a ce amic insc ip ion exis ing in he illage. On he o he hand, Valdelina es (Te uel) is claimed o be he highes municipali y o Spain. The Na ional Geog aphical Ins i u e sheds ligh on his ma e wi h i s Geog aphic Nomencla u e o Municipali ies and Popula ion En i ies and poin s ou o Valdelina es as he highes municipal co e o Spain (1.695 me e s). The same Nomencla u e, howe e , includes 16 en i ies loca ed o e his heigh and a leas 10 o hem ha e popula ion, acco ding o he da a p o ided by he Na ional Ins i u e o S a is ics. ENRIQUE MONTÓN CHIVA, JOSÉ QUEREDA SALA & VICTORIA QUEREDA VÁZQUEZ664 Cuade nos de Tu ismo, 39, (2017), 663-667 This s udy aims a p o iding new da a o his ques ion, making use o he sys ems o geog aphical in o ma ion and he eno mous quan i y o ma e ial a ailable om he applica ion o he Eu opean di ec i e INSPIRE. We p e end o make a dis inc ion amongs municipali y, popula ion co e and en i y and o de ine no only he heigh om a speci ic poin bu also he a e age o he heigh s measu ed in illages and municipali ies, en i ies wi h a su ace, he e o e ep esen ed by polygons ins ead o poin s. 2. DATA The e a e many ee da a a ailable a na ional le el. A miles one o his a ailabili y was Eu opean di ec i e Inspi e, In as uc u e o Spa ial In o ma ion in Eu ope. This di ec i e ma ked he ules o he se lemen o an in as uc u e o spa ial in o ma ion in Eu opean Coun ies. The da a used in his s udy show he eno mous e o made om he applica ion o he Inspi e Di ec i e. Fi s ly, we ha e he digi al model o land wi h a esolu ion o 200 me e s, MDT200, a ailable o he di e en p o inces in he web page o he Na ional Cen e o Geog aphi- cal In o ma ion. The MDT200 has been chosen so ha he olume o da a o handle o he o e 500.000 squa e kilome es o Spanish e i o y was no excessi e. Howe e , i is compa ed wi h ano he digi al model o he land, he ASTER GDEM. I is he unique digi al model o ele a ions ha co e s he en i e plane wi h high esolu ion. The mesh is 30 me e s. Rega ding ec o iles, he limi s o municipali ies, p o inces and au onomies ha e been ob ained om he web si e o he Na ional Cen e o Geog aphical In o ma ion. Howe e , he de e mina ion o heigh s wi h hese iles showed a p oblem de i ed om dis inc e i o ial en i ies ha do no appea in he lis s o municipali ies o each p o ince p o ided by he S a is ic Na ional Ins i u e. To sol e i , he ec o iles o adminis a i e limi s p o ided by he web page o A cGIS ha e been used. These iles ha e he ad an age ha each municipali y has i s p o ince and au onomy assigned in he able o a ibu es, hus making unnecessa y he union by loca ion o hei a ibu es. Finally ye impo an ly, he nuclei o popula ion p o ided by he web page o he Na ional Cen e o Geog aphical In o ma ion and ha e been used, comple ed, wi h da a om he web page o he En i onmen , Food and Ag icul u e Minis y. 3. METHODS The da a ha e been ea ed and analysed by he so wa e QGIS. In he beginning i was known as Quan um GIS, i s a ed in 2002 and nowadays i is he leade sys em o geog aphical in o ma ion o open sou ce o desk op. I is a p ojec o he Open Sou ce Geospa ial Founda ion (OSGeo), os e ed by olun ee s ha cons i u e a g owing com- muni y o de elope s. Nowadays, he las e sion is he QGIS 2.12 Lyon. The i s s ep made wi h QGIS is he union o he di e en pages in o de o gene - a e a digi al model o he land o he Peninsula and Balea ic Islands on he one hand and Cana y Islands by he o he hand, as he da a om he as e come om di e en coo dina e sys ems. La e on, he digi al models o he land as well as he ec o iles GIS ANALYSIS FOR THE DESIGN OF A TOURISTIC PRODUCT: LOCATING THE HIGHEST ... 665 Cuade nos de Tu ismo, 39, (2017), 663-667 a e mo ed o a sys em o geog aphic coo dina es o la i ude and longi ude ha , com- pa ed wi h hose om Uni e sal T ans e sal Me ca o , acili a es he ep esen a ion o he Peninsula and he wo a chipelagos. The a e age heigh s o he Spanish municipali ies and o he popula ion nuclei a e acqui ed by means o he ool “Zone s a is ics”. This ool p o ides se e al s a is ics o heigh o each municipali y: he numbe o pixels included in each polygon, he municipali ies and popula ion co es, he sum o he alues, he mean and he median, he s anda d de ia ion, he minimum, he maximum, he in e al, he mino i y, he majo i y and he a ie y. 4. RESULTS The i s analysis ocuses on he a e age o he municipali ies. Fo he 31 municipali- ies wi h mean heigh s abo e 1.800 me e s, he mean heigh s ha e been de e mined o e a o al o 106.649 poin s in he case o he Digi al Model o he Land wi h a mesh o 200 me e s and wi h mo e han 5 million poin s (5.623.297) in he model wi h a mesh o 30 me e s. This da a a e mo e accu a e han a simple and alea o y loca ion poin . The esul s change he classi ica ion o he municipal heigh in a adical way wi h espec o he Geog aphic Nomencla u e o Municipali ies and Popula ion En i ies and show a clea domain o he alles moun ain anges o Spain, he Py enees and he Be ic moun ains. 29 o hese 31 municipali ies a e loca ed in hese moun ain anges. Only wo o hem do no belong o his domain, he O o a a in San a C uz de Tene i e and Valdelina es in Te uel, which is he las municipali y o he able. Fi een o hem o e come he 2.000 me e s, including, o cou se, hose ha a e included in he podium: T e élez and Capilei a in G anada and Benasque in Huesca. The h ee o hem ha e he bene i o coun ing o ally o pa ially in hei land wi h well-known peaks: he Mulhacén and he Ane o. In he same line, he unique cana y municipali y in he lis , he O o a a, has he highes moun ain o Spain, he Teide. Wi hou any doub , i is a singula municipali y as i also includes coas , hus being he municipali y wi h he highes d op o Spain. Wi h he aim o p o iding a bigge accu acy o he esul s, he mean alues a e ecal- cula ed wi h he mos accu a e digi al model o he land, he ASTER GDEM. The e a e no signi ican changes in he main municipali ies, hus con i ming he eliabili y o he MDT200. Rega ding he owns, he heigh s o he popula ion nuclei a e calcula ed wi h he aid o he ec o iles ex ac ed om he Na ional Cen e o Geog aphical In o ma ion and he En i onmen , Food and Ag icul u e Minis y and he Digi al Model wi h 200 me e s mesh. The i s 31 municipali ies a e hose whose owns a e loca ed a a heigh abo e 1.435 me e s. This numbe is simila o ha shown o he municipali ies, in o de o help he spa ial compa ison. As was o be expec ed, he dis ibu ion is o ally di e en . The hypso- g aphic weigh o he alles peaks disappea , as he illages do no show hypsome y and p e e alleys and hillsides. The e o e, he bigges moun ain anges p ac ically disappea o he map and he p edominance is o he municipali ies loca ed in mo e modes uni s: Cen al and Ibe ian Moun ain anges. The popula ion illages om Te uel a e he mos impo an , summing 14 bo h om he A agon land and om he Cas ile land. The Cen al ENRIQUE MONTÓN CHIVA, JOSÉ QUEREDA SALA & VICTORIA QUEREDA VÁZQUEZ666 Cuade nos de Tu ismo, 39, (2017), 663-667 Moun ain ange includes 11 popula ion nuclei om A ila and Somosie a om Mad id. F om he Py enees and he Penibe ic a ea, only some illages a e included in he ank- ing, in Gi ona, Huesca and Lleida, on he one hand, and in G anada, on he o he hand. Rega ding Cana y Islands, no municipali y has popula ion nuclei abo e 1.435 me e s. This di e ence is well shown in he Honou Roll. In con as wi h T e elez om G anada, he highes illage is Valdelina es in Te uel. The nex illages also belong o Te uel, G iegos and Gúda . No hing o see wi h he municipal podium, sha ed by places om Huesca and G anada. The compa a i e wi h he Geog aphic Nomencla u e o Municipali ies and Popula ion En i ies gi es ise o small di e ences. The Nomencla u e ob ains only one heigh o he main popula ion nuclei, in con as wi h ou sys em, which collec s all he poin s o he popula ion nuclei, showing some di e ences in he case o municipali ies wi h dispe se popula ion o wi h an impo an opog aphic d op. Once sol ed he con on a ion be ween he highes illage and municipali y om Spain, we make p o i o he a ailabili y o da a o sign he highes illages and munici- pali ies o each au onomy. As in he p e ious case, many di e ences a e ound when compa ing hem wi h he Nomencla u e. The da a o e impo an clues o he Spanish elie . In he no h, he less en i y o he Py enees belonging o Na a a is obse ed in con as wi h hose belonging o A agon and Ca alonia, due o he lack o symme y along he moun ain ange. The Basque limi , wi h he lowes heigh , gi es ise o he Can ab ian ange, which ends wi h he heigh s in As u ias, succeeded by he ele a ions in Galicia, which close he ableland o he Ibe ian Peninsula in he no heas . The e eb a es o Cen al Range ma k he op heigh s o Ex emadu a, Cas ile – León and Mad id, whe eas he Ibe ian Range is e lec ed in La Rioja, Cas ile – La Mancha and Valencian Communi y. Sie a Mo ena is shadowed by he bigges peaks o he Penibe ic ange. In Cana y Islands, he Teide is dominan . Low alues a e p o ided by he Se a de T amun ana in Balea ic Islands and No heas land o Mu cia. The da a o he illages a e less signi ican in iden i ying he elie , as adi ional human occupancy does no ollow any hypsog aphic end. The di e ences a e mo e conside able in he moun ain anges ha su e ed om glacial e ouches and hose whose hillsides show highe slopes. The e o e, he con as in heigh be ween he peaks and he alleys whe e he popula ions a e se led is bigge . Acco ding o his ac , he illage loca ed a he highes heigh in A agon (and in Spain) is no placed in he Py enees bu in he Ibe ian Range. The highes one om Ca alonia is o he same le el han ha om Cas ile – Leon, loca ed in Cen al Range, a uni wi h much less en i y. The highes popula ions o As u ias and Can- ab ia ha e heigh s below 1.000 me e s, in a simila way o Basque Coun y, in spi e o he bigge size o i s moun ain ange. Vinieg a de A iba, in la Rioja, a exceeds hem. 5. CONCLUSIONS This s udy akes ad an age o he Open Sou ce Geog aphical In o ma ion Sys ems and he a ailabili y o spa ial da a o sol e a ques ion, he highes municipali y and illage o Spain, ha loods he o ums and social ne wo ks al hough wi hou any scien i ic e e ence and wi hou any pape in ele an p ess. GIS ANALYSIS FOR THE DESIGN OF A TOURISTIC PRODUCT: LOCATING THE HIGHEST ... 667 Cuade nos de Tu ismo, 39, (2017), 663-667 Rega ding he esul s, he e is a ma ked spa ial di e si y. In he municipali ies, he mos impo an ac o is he physical geog aphy and he e o e, he highes ones a e loca ed mainly in he wo mos impo an moun ain anges: Py enees and Be ic Range. On he o he hand, in he illages, human mo i a ions appea and hen he popula ion nuclei escape om he bigges heigh s mo ing owa ds mo e modes moun ain anges. In he end, he main municipali ies dispu ing he honou o being he highes one o Spain, T e élez and Valdelina es, o Valdelina es and T e élez, ha e demons a ed o ha e hei sha e o eason. Acco ding o his s udy, bo h can dese e he leading posi ion, al hough he municipal au ho i ies should co ec he iden i ica ion diplomas: he munici- pali y should be T e elez, he illage, Valdelina es.