Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory, (Zoltán Kövecses), Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 2020

Cul u a, lenguaje y ep esen ación / Cul u e, Language and Rep esen a ion Esb í-Blasco, M. (2021): Ex ended Concep ual Me apho Theo y (Zol an Kö ecses), Camb idge: Camb idge Uni e si y P ess, 2020, 206 pages. ISBN 9781108490870. Cul u a, Lenguaje y Rep esen ación, Vol. xx , 329–332 ISSN 1697-7750 · E-ISSN 2340-4981 DOI: h p://dx.doi.o g/10.6035/cl .2021.25.18 Uni e si a Jaume I Reseñas / Book e iews ______________________________________________________________________ Ex ended Concep ual Me apho Theo y, (Zol án Kö ecses), Camb idge: Camb idge Uni e si y P ess, 2020, 206 pages. ISBN 9781108490870. £85. Re iewed by Mon se a Esb í-Blasco, Uni e si a Jaume I/IULMA. ORCID: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-0429-0418. Reseña ecibida el / Re iew ecei ed: 2021-04-01 Reseña acep ada el / Re iew accep ed: 2021-04-03 Since he eme gence o concep ual me apho heo y (hence o h, CMT) (Lako & Johnson, 1980), me apho came unde he spo ligh by being en isioned no only as an o namen al de ice in language bu a cogni i e phenomenon. Ne e heless, CMT has been p o oundly and unceasingly c i icized o he pas 40 yea s. In his ega d, Kö ecses mani es s om he ou se ha no exis ing heo y o me apho , including CMT, has been able o ully g asp he shee complexi y o me apho hus a . In o de o e ine and u he de elop on ce ain issues o CMT, Kö ecses poses i e majo ques ions, each o which is sh ewdly add essed in a di e en chap e o he book. In Chap e 1, he au ho b ie ly ou lines he main ene s and he cu en s a e o he a o wha he ega ds as he “s anda d” iew o CMT. Kö ecses ema ks ha since Lako and Johnson’s Me apho s We Li e By (1980), a la ge body o esea ch has con i med, added o and adap ed hei ini ial ideas. The e o e, he cu en e sion o CMT canno be con- side ed as equi alen o Me apho s We Li e By. Mo eo e , he au ho ies o shed ligh on many o he c i iques ha me apho schola s ha e aised agains CMT in he pas decades. Despi e being a complex and cohe en heo y o me apho , Kö ecses p oceeds o in oduce he main poin s o “s anda d” CMT ha could be u he explo ed and de eloped. Those weaknesses pose a numbe o ques ions ha a e ho oughly ackled in he subsequen chap e s o he book. The au ho e e s o he new iew he p oposes in he book as “ex ended concep ual me apho heo y” (he ea e , ex ended CMT). Chap e 2 e ol es a ound he ques ion o whe he conc e e concep s can be unde s ood igu a i ely o only abs ac concep s a e. In his ega d, Kö ecses con incingly a gues ha e en ou mos basic and conc e e expe iences can be concep ualized igu a i ely, no only li e ally. In u n, hose igu a i ely concep ualized conc e e expe iences can be u ilized as sou ce domains o me apho ical 330 DOI: h p://dx.doi.o g/10.6035/cl .2021.25.18 concep ualiza ion. As he au ho poin s ou , “we euse his appa en ly conc e e bu igu a i ely unde s ood concep ual ma e ial o comp ehend and cons uc abs ac ions wi hou being awa e o hei o iginal igu a i e (me apho ical o me onymic) cogni i e s a us” (2020, p.22). Hence, he au ho ’s iew b ings abou a subs an ial educ ion o he ex en o he li e al. On he basis o he e idence he shows, Kö ecses p oposes ha he meaning o a concep consis s o wo pa s: (1) an on ological pa based on angible expe ience (i.e. embodied con en ) and (2) a cogni i e pa ha speci ies how concep s a e cogni i ely cons ued (see also Langacke 2008: 43 o he dis inc ion be ween con en and cons ual in linguis ic meaning). The e o e, bo h abs ac and conc e e concep s ha e an on ological pa and a cogni i e-cons ual pa bu hei p opo ions di e . While he on ological pa p e ails o e he cogni i ely cons ued one in conc e e concep s, he cons ual pa p edomina es o e he on ological one in abs ac concep s. Chap e 3 add esses he issue o whe he me onymies play a ole in he eme gence o concep ual me apho s. In his iew, Kö ecses claims ha some co ela ional me apho s “eme ge om ame-like men al ep esen a ions ho ough a me onymic s age” (p.35) (see also G ady, 1997a, b, 1999, 2005). He dis inguishes wo ways in which a concep ual me apho can a ise om a me onymy: (1) when a ame ha becomes he a ge con ains a ame elemen ha u ns in o he sou ce domain by means o he cogni i e ope a ion o gene aliza ion o schema iza ion; (2) when a ame ha u ns in o he me apho ic sou ce comp ises a ame elemen ha is gene alized and eme ges as he me apho ic a ge . Kö ecses’ iew accoun s o why a g ea deal o me apho s can be concei ed o as me onymies and why many me onymies can be in e p e ed as me apho s. In chap e 4 Kö ecses punc iliously elucida es he way image schemas, domains, ames and men al spaces di e om one ano he and p o ides a new comp ehensi e amewo k o he s udy o me apho , which he calls he “mul ile el iew o concep ual me apho ”. Acco ding o his iew, concep ual me apho s “simul aneously in ol e concep ual s uc u es, o uni s, on se e al dis inc le els o schema ici y” (p.51). A he in e locking e ical hie a chy, image schemas a e a he highes le el o schema ici y, ollowed by domains, ames and men al spaces. Mo eo e , Kö ecses di ides hose ou ypes o concep ual s uc u es in o analogue (image schemas) and p oposi ional (domains, ames and men al spaces). Ano he di ision made by he au ho is ha o he men al s uc u es s o ed in long- e m memo y (i.e. image schemas, domains and ames), and hose which unc ion online in wo king memo y (i.e. men al spaces). Wi h ega d o he bes me hodology o he s udy o me apho wi hin he mul ile el iew amewo k, he au ho claims ha each o he ou le els o me apho is associa ed wi h a gi en aim, and, consequen ly, wi h a pa icula me hod. Ne e heless, mos o he app oaches discussed in his chap e may be applied o se e al le els o me apho , con ibu ing complemen a y insigh s o hem. In chap e 5, Kö ecses eloquen ly explains he need o a con ex ual componen wi hin CMT, as he concep ual and he con ex ual aspec s o me apho a e inex icably in e wined. The au ho dis inguishes ou ypes o con ex : si ua ional con ex , discou se con ex , bodily con ex and concep ual-cogni i e con ex . Each o hese ypes o con ex comp ises a a ie y o con ex ual ac o s, which “p ime concep ualize s o (unconsciously) choose hei me apho s in discou se” (p.104). The e o e, some concep ual me a- ESBRÍ-BLASCO, MONTSERRAT Ex ended Concep ual Me apho Theo y, de Zol án Kö ecses. Camb idge: Camb idge Uni e si y P ess, 2020. 331 pho s do no only s em om bodily expe ience, bu can be mo i a ed by a ious con ex ypes and hei co esponding con ex ual aspec s (i.e. hey a e con ex -induced me apho s). The au ho holds ha he le el o schema ici y a which con ex mos ly in luences me apho c ea ion in discou se is he men al spaces le el in speci ic communica i e si ua ions. Chap e 6 ackles he ques ion o whe he CMT is me ely an o line heo y o me apho . Kö ecses begins by asse ing ha in online communica ion, me apho s occu a he men al spaces le el. Men al spaces, in u n, ac i a e he decon ex ualized concep ual s uc u es in long- e m memo y ha a e highe up in he e ical hie a chy (image schemas, domains, ames) so as o join he p oduc ion and comp ehension o me apho ical exp essions. As he sugges s, “ he o line and online me apho ical s uc u es a e all needed o a (mo e o less) comple e unde s anding o how concep ual me apho s wo k in na u al discou se” (p. 149). Consequen ly, Kö ecses’ ex ended CMT ega ds me apho as bo h an o line and an online phenomenon. The ollowing wo chap e s p o ide an o e all accoun o he main ideas discussed in he book. Chap e 7 ou lines he main componen s o he ex ended CMT, he in e ela ions be ween hem and he main dis inc ions ha cha ac e ize his ex ended and mo e comp ehensi e iew o me apho . By way o conclusion, in he las chap e , Kö ecses gi es esponse o he i e majo ques ions posed a he beginning o he book. Las bu no leas , he au ho compa es he ex ended iew o CMT o o he heo ies o me apho , concluding ha he mos simila heo y is de ini ely he dynamic sys ems iew o me apho (Gibbs 2013,2017, Gibbs and Came on 2007) by wisely seeking syne gy be ween hem. On he whole, Kö ecses’ hough ully s uc u ed book is a miles one publica ion ha en iches he ield o me apho by p esen ing a cohe en and comp ehensi e new e sion o CMT. No only does he au ho p o ide well-a gued dis inc ions and illus a e his p oposals, bu he also eloquen ly compa es his new insigh s wi h he heo ies and app oaches ha ha e been p e ailing hus a . Mo eo e , despi e elying hea ily on his p e ious wo k, he au ho b illian ly in eg a es his p e ious ideas and inno a i e insigh s in o his new iew o me apho . E en hough he o mula ions in he analysis o some o his examples migh be sub ly e ined, pu ing o wa d such a pains aking dis inc ion among concep ual s uc u es wi hin he ou le els o schema ici y is a p aisewo hy ea . Fu he esea ch should be aimed a inding he bes way o combining me hodologies o con i m Kö ecses’ bold sugges ions, especially in languages o he han English. All in all, al hough he ex ended iew o CMT app o es o much o he “s anda d” CMT, Kö ecses’ monog aph upda es and e ines his heo y and o e s some unique and hough -p o oking insigh s in o he cogni i e phenomenon o me apho ha should undoub edly be aken on boa d by me apho schola s and esea che s in Cogni i e Linguis ics as well as in o he disciplines. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This e iew has been unded by he p ojec UJI-B2018-59. 332 DOI: h p://dx.doi.o g/10.6035/cl .2021.25.18 REFERENCES Gibbs, Raymond W. 2013. «Me apho ic cogni ion as social ac i i y: Dissol ing he di ide be ween me apho in hough and communica ion». Me apho and he Social Wo ld, 3, 54–76. h ps://doi.o g/10.1075/msw.3.1.03gib Gibbs, Raymond W. 2017. «The embodied and discou se iews o me apho : Why hese a e no so di e en and how hey can be b ough close oge he ». In Me apho : Embodied Cogni ion and Discou se, Hampe, Bea e, ed. 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