Ceremonia de firma de un acuerdo de desarrollo de tecnología eólica en Europa

DEVELOPMENT OF WIND TECHNOLOGY IN EUROPE Eu opean Commission - MEMO/86/147 01/12/1986 1. Communi y p ojec s o la ge Wind Tu bines In he ame o he Eu opean Communi ies R&D p og amme on Non- Nucla Ene gy, sub-p og amme Wind Ene gy, h ee la ge wind u bines will be de eloped and buil : - a 2 MW wind u bine a Esbje g (Denma k) wi h a 60 m o o diame e , ho izon al axis, on a 51 m owe ; - a 1.2 MW wind u bine o be ins alled a Cabo Villano in Galicia (Spain), also ho izon al axis wi h a 60 m diame e o o on a 46 m owe ; - a 1 MW wind u bine o Richbo ough in Ken (England), also hoizon al axis, wi h a 55 m diame e o o , on a 45 m owe . All h ee p ojec s will be comple ed by he end o 1988, eeding wind gene a ed powe in o g ids. The Commission con ac o s will be 3 elec ici y u ili ies in Denma k (ELSAM), Spain (ASINEL) and England (CEGB) espec i ely. Ac ual de elopmen and ealisa ion will be sub-con ac ed o small and medium size companies in he h ee coun ies. In he case o he Spanish p ojec he e is also an impo an pa icipa ion o he Ge man company MAN. The h ee ins alla ions a e being co-sponso ed by he Na ional Wind P og ammes in Denma k, he Uni ed Kingdom and he Fede al Republic o Ge many. 2. Ra ionale o he de elopmen o la ge Wind Tu bines Since 1980, abou 1500 MW o wind u bine capaci y ha e been ins alled in Cali o nia. Abou 1/4 o hem we e impo ed om Eu ope, mainly Denma k. In Eu ope he ins alled o al capaci y is abou 100 MW, bu g owing apidly wi h plans in some Membe s a es aiming a a signi ican con ibu ion o elec ici y gene a ion by yea 2000. O e he las 3 yea s he ins alla ion cos s could be educed om $ 3000/kW o abou $ 1000/kW. A he same ime, he uni size has been inc eased om 50 o abou 250 kW pe u bine. Today he 250 kW size cons i u es an op imum in e ms o cos and eliabili y while on he o he hand, la ge scale implemen a ion o wind powe would a he be based on megawa -size machines. A p esen , only e y ew p o o ypes o such la ge machines exis a ound he wo ld. They a e much mo e expensi e pe uni powe han he smalle ones, and show big eliabili y p oblems. Hence i is essen ial o de o e ex ensi e R&D on his key echnology which is a bo leneck o u u e implemen a ion. In a o me s udy unde he Commission's Wind Ene gy R&D p og amme, i has been shown ha he ma ke po en ial o such la ge machines, once hey ha e become cos e ec i e, will be emendous in Eu ope. All Eu opean Coun ies a e conce ned because he wind esou ce is equally as la ge in No he n Eu ope as in he Medi e anean a ea. 3. Special ea u es o he 3 u bines o be de eloped wi hin he Commission's R&D p og amme In Eu ope oday only wo MW machines a e ope a ing (Sweden). Thei design goes back o he end o he 70's. Mo e ecen ly, machines in he MW ange a e being buil wi hin a ious p og ammes (a 3 MW machine wi hin he UK p og amme, an I alian machine, se e al machines in Lowe Saxony, Ge many, se e al machines in he Commission's demons a ion p og amme and he PIM). The 3 wind u bines o be de eloped now wi hin he Commission's R&D p og amme ha e he ollowing pa icula a ac ions: - all 3 machines a e o simila size. This made i posible o pool he p ojec s in one conce ed ac ion: he echnical wo k p og amme a e coo dina ed by he Commission and duplica ions will be a oided; - he echnology o he 3 machines is easonably inno a i e bu in ol es no unnecessa y isks: i a he ep esen s an upg ading and u he de elopmen o he echnologies cu enly employed on he ma ke ; - he Commission has achie ed o pool in o a single ac ion o Eu opean dimension R&D budge s om he 4 membe coun ies Uni ed Kingdom, Denma k, Spain and Ge many; - p ime con ac o s a e all u ili ies. U ili y in ol emen is o p ime impo ance because hey will be he e en ual use s o such machines in hei ne wo ks. I is he i s ime in Eu ope ha 3 impo an u ili ies decide o ake, oge he wi h he Commission, di ec con ol o he de elopmen o hese c ucial echnologies; - ac ual de elopmen and cons uc ion o he machines will be e o med by small and medium size indus ies ac ing as sub-con ac o s. In he pe spec i e o a la ge Eu opean ma ke (Single Ac ), coope a ion be ween Eu opean wind manu ac u e s is essen ial because he e will no be oom o oo many g oups. The ag eemen o Eu opean wind indus y om 4 di e en membe coun ies o wo k oge he on his echnology is a unique ea u e in he cu en de elopemn ; - he e will be a join measu emen and moni o ing p og amme wi h an exchange o all da a be ween con ac o s. This will ollow in e na ionally ecommended p ac ices and will help o c ea e a Eu opean ma ke o such p ojec s igh om he beginning. - 3 - 4. O he ac i i ies o he Commission's Wind Ene gy R&D p og amme. The de elopmen o he 3 la ge wind u bines is pa o a comp ehensi e Eu opean R&D p og amme on Wind Ene gy which was s a ed by he Commission in 1980. The adminis a i e ame o he cu en 4 yea p og amme (85-88) is he Non-Nuclea Ene gy R&D p og amme which was adop ed by he Council o Resea ch Minis e s in Ma ch 1985. Main esea ch ac i i ies a e he ollowing: - de elopmen o a Eu opean Wind A las. This is a conce ed ac ion in ol ing se e al specialis g oups in all membe coun ies. The i s e sion o he A las will be published in Sp ing 1987; - de elopmen o Eu opean s anda ds o he analysis o Wind Tu bine pe o mances; - de elopmen o a da a base on Eu opean Wind Ene gy echnology; - compu e modelling o Wind Ene gy pene a ion in u ili y ne wo ks o he EC Membe coun ies; - conce ed esea ch ac ions on ae odynamics, a igue p oblems, wake e ec s, modelling, new ma e ials and componen s, e c.; - de elopmen o ad anced Wind Ene gy u bines in he 300 o 600 kW ange; In o al, he cu en p og amme includes mo e han 50 con ac s wi h Eu opean indus y, uni e si ies and o he esea ch es ablishmen s.