Editorial: Zinc in health and disease management

TYPE Edi o ial PUBLISHED 10 July 2023 DOI 10.3389/ nu .2023.1242840 OPEN ACCESS EDITED AND REVIEWED BY And eas Ma in G ab ucke , Uni e si y o Lime ick, I eland *CORRESPONDENCE Héc o González-Iglesias [email p o ec ed] Im e Lengyel [email p o ec ed] Benjamin Rolles [email p o ec ed] †These au ho s ha e con ibu ed equally o his wo k RECEIVED 19 June 2023 ACCEPTED 30 June 2023 PUBLISHED 10 July 2023 CITATION González-Iglesias H, Lengyel I and Rolles B (2023) Edi o ial: Zinc in heal h and disease managemen . F on . Nu . 10:1242840. doi: 10.3389/ nu .2023.1242840 COPYRIGHT ©2023 González-Iglesias, Lengyel and Rolles. This is an open-access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY). The use, dis ibu ion o ep oduc ion in o he o ums is pe mi ed, p o ided he o iginal au ho (s) and he copy igh owne (s) a e c edi ed and ha he o iginal publica ion in his jou nal is ci ed, in acco dance wi h accep ed academic p ac ice. No use, dis ibu ion o ep oduc ion is pe mi ed which does no comply wi h hese e ms. Edi o ial: Zinc in heal h and disease managemen Héc o González-Iglesias1*†, Im e Lengyel2*†and Benjamin Rolles3,4,5*† 1Ins i u o de P oduc os Lác eos de As u ias, Consejo Supe io de In es igaciones Cien íficas (IPLA-CSIC), Villa iciosa, Spain, 2Wellcome-Wol son Ins i u e o Expe imen al Medicine, School o Medicine, Den is y and Biomedical Science, Queen’s Uni e si y Bel as , Bel as , Uni ed Kingdom, 3Depa men o Hema ology, Oncology, Hemos aseology and S em Cell T ansplan a ion, Medical Facul y, RWTH Aachen Uni e si y, Aachen, Ge many, 4Cen e o In eg a ed Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldo (CIO ABCD), Bonn, Ge many, 5B igham and Women’s Hospi al and Ha a d Medical School, Bos on, MA, Uni ed S a es KEYWORDS clinical nu i ion, die a y zinc, zinc supplemen a ion, aging, cance , zinc homeos asis, X- ay luo escence, p egnancy Edi o ial on he Resea ch Topic Zinc in heal h and disease managemen Zinc is an essen ial ace elemen wi h a ious unc ions in all li ing o ganisms. I s bioa ailabili y is igh ly con olled by a combina ion o nu i ional a ailabili y, binding o p o eins, loca ion in cellula o ganelles, and he p esence o zinc anspo e s. In humans, changes in zinc homeos asis, such as zinc de iciency, ha e a ied impac s on indi iduals. Zinc a ec s g ow h, e ili y, immune cell unc ioning, and disease p og ession. Zinc homeos asis is comp omised in aging, whe eby abno mal me abolism con ibu es o sub-clinical changes and cellula dys unc ion ha may unde lie he ea ly onse o (neu o-)degene a i e diseases. The e o e, a be e unde s anding o he no mal unc ion o his ace elemen in heal h and diseases is highly desi ed. Ou Resea ch Topic b ings oge he eigh esea ch a icles p esen ing he mos ecen de elopmen s in zinc nu i ion. The collec ion p o ides new da a on zinc and i s po en ial impac on elome e leng h, he need o no el bioma ke s o zinc s a us, he use ulness o X- ay luo escence o de ec changes in hai zinc concen a ions, he e ec s o die a y zinc du ing p egnancy, i s ole du ing impai ed me abolism in e inal cells and i s ela ionship in he con ex o o a ian as well as skin cance . Telome e leng h is conside ed a bioma ke o aging ha die a y and en i onmen al ac o s can in luence. Shi e al. s udied he ela ionship be ween zinc in ake and i s po en ial impac on elome e leng h among middle-aged and olde indi iduals, using he da ase gene a ed as pa o he Na ional Heal h and Nu i ion Examina ion Su ey (NHANES). In his c oss-sec ional s udy ca ied ou on 3,793 pa icipan s olde han 45 yea s, ele a ed die a y zinc in ake was posi i ely co ela ed wi h longe elome e leng h, especially in women, hose wi h low ene gy in ake and obese indi iduals. I appea s ha die a y zinc in ake may con ibu e o changes in elome e leng h and p o ec owa d elome e a i ion. F on ie s in Nu i ion 01 on ie sin.o g González-Iglesias e al. 10.3389/ nu .2023.1242840 F ede ickson e al. de e mined he po en ial o using hai samples o de ec changes in zinc concen a ion in esponse o he consump ion o zinc-bio o i ied whea lou . The BiZiFED2 e ec i eness ial was se up o comba zinc de iciency in Pakis ani gi ls (10–16 yea s old). The pa icipan s ecei ed lou om con ol o zinc-bio o i ied whea o 6 mon hs. Zinc and sul u con en we e de e mined in hai samples o all pa icipan s using an inexpensi e and po able X- ay luo escence (XFR) de ec o . The wo k demons a ed ha a modes inc ease in die a y zinc o e 6 mon hs esul ed in a de ec able inc ease in sul u and zinc, o e ing a sensi i e and non-in asi e analy ical me hodology o moni o changes in esponse o die a y zinc in e en ions. The zinc con en o b eas milk is c i ical o he no mal de elopmen o an in an . A clinical ial conduc ed by Han e al. in es iga ed he e ec s o supplemen s con aining i amins, mine als, zinc and p obio ics on zinc concen a ions in b eas milk. They ound ha b eas milk o women ecei ing supplemen s had highe zinc concen a ions a 3 and 6 mon hs o lac a ion bu le els dec eased by 12 mon hs. One o he in e es ing indings was ha zinc supplemen a ion om as ea ly as p econcep ion a ec ed he zinc concen a ions du ing lac a ion. The e o e, ea ly supplemen a ion can ensu e adequa e ma e nal zinc s a us and adequa e zinc ans e o he in an s. A second, his ime case- con ol s udy om Pales ine by El Bilbeisi e al. assessed die a y and se um zinc le els du ing he hi d imes e o 160 p egnan women wi h and wi hou p egnancy-induced hype ension (PIH). I is a e o see publica ions om his egion. The au ho s ound ha he main isk ac o s o PIH included a amilia his o y o hype ension, p imipa ous, p e ious caesa ian sec ion, p eeclampsia, oedema and, o cou se, low ma e nal die a y zinc in ake, highligh ing he impo ance o app op ia e zinc s a us du ing, and p obably, be o e p egnancy. Zinc s a us is also impo an o he olde gene a ions. P e ious clinical s udies conduc ed by he Age-Rela ed Eye Disease S udy (AREDS) showed ha die a y supplemen a ion o zinc and i amins slows he p og ession o age- ela ed macula degene a ion (AMD), one o he majo causes o i e e sible ision loss in people >65 yea s. One o he cellula a ge s in AMD is he e inal pigmen epi helium (RPE). Ál a ez-Ba ios e al. used a human e al RPE cell cul u e model ha ecapi ula es ea u es o ea ly AMD. The au ho s speci ically s udied me allo- ansc ip omics and ound ha al e ed zinc homeos asis changed he exp ession o cy osolic zinc-binding p o eins, zinc anspo e s, and me allop o eins, suppo ing he g owing e idence o he di ec ole o zinc dyshomeos asis in AMD. Conside ing ha die a y in ake o ace elemen s could be ele an o he p e en ion o p ognosis o cance , Yin e al. explo ed he ela ionship be ween p e-diagnos ic die a y coppe and zinc and he coppe - o-zinc (Cu/Zn) a io in 701 women diagnosed wi h o a ian cance (OC). Highe die a y Cu in ake and al e ed Cu/Zn a io we e ela ed o pa ien s diagnosed as non- se ous OC, sugges ing ha supplemen a ion wi h ace elemen s can p o ide ea men op ions o longe su i al ime. Tang e al. ca ied ou a logis ic eg ession analysis on da a om NHANES o e alua e se um coppe and zinc le els in pa ien s wi h cu aneous melanoma and non-melanoma skin cance s (NMSC). No signi ican ela ionships we e ound be ween se um zinc and he Cu/Zn. Howe e , highe se um coppe le els migh be associa ed wi h a dec eased incidence o NMSC. These ea ly indings on di e en cance s sugges ha he e is a need o la ge , p ospec i e coho s udies o con i m hese associa ions. Finally, he e is a need o adequa e, sensi i e and speci ic bioma ke o zinc s a us. The e iew a icle by Knez and Boy summa izes he cu en knowledge and ecommenda ions ocusing on how o e alua e zinc s a us in humans. Cu en ly, plasma zinc le el can indica e se e e zinc de iciency bu i is insensi i e o de ec mild/mode a e and ea ly-s age de iciency. The au ho s discussed he po en ial o use he gene exp ession p o iles o a y acid desa u ases 1 and 2 (FDAS1/FADS2), he linoleic acid/dihomo-γ- linolenic acid a io, hymulin le els, changes in he gu mic obiome and he p esence o di e en zinc anspo e s o accu a ely de e mine zinc s a us. This Resea ch Topic demons a es he con inued in e es and he impo ance o zinc as an essen ial ace elemen . Wi h he de elopmen o mo e sensi i e and speci ic bioma ke s o zinc s a us and he e ol ing ou es o inc ease zinc nu i ion we should be able o e adica e he zinc de iciency associa ed como bidi ies as e . Au ho con ibu ions HG-I, IL, and BR w o e, e ised his a icle, and co-edi ed he Resea ch Topic. All au ho s made a subs an ial, di ec , and in ellec ual con ibu ion o his wo k and app o ed he inal e sion o publica ion. Acknowledgmen s We g ea ly app ecia e he con ibu ions o his Resea ch Topic by all au ho s and e iewe s. We hank all he gues associa ed edi o s o he Resea ch Topic and he Edi o ial Boa d o he jou nals o F on ie s Media, o hei suppo . Conflic o in e es The au ho s decla e ha he esea ch was conduc ed wi hou any comme cial o inancial ela ionships ha could be cons ued as a po en ial con lic o in e es . Publishe ’s no e All claims exp essed in his a icle a e solely hose o he au ho s and do no necessa ily ep esen hose o hei a ilia ed o ganiza ions, o hose o he publishe , he edi o s and he e iewe s. Any p oduc ha may be e alua ed in his a icle, o claim ha may be made by i s manu ac u e , is no gua an eed o endo sed by he publishe . F on ie s in Nu i ion 02 on ie sin.o g