Research data of a Master's thesis: "Developing mutually beneficial understandings of academic cultures in an international higher education Master' s degree programme"

Pai In e iew 2 In e iewe Ok, I would like o welcome and hank you o pa icipa ing in oday’s ocus g oup discussion as pa o my Mas e ’s Thesis in his Educa ional Leade ship p og amme on he ma e o discussing on wha i means o s udy in an academic en i onmen in a Finnish highe educa ion ins i u ion - in his case he Uni e si y o Jy äskylä. Well, you know my name… My name is Ch is ine Niemi and I am a Mas e ’s deg ee s uden he e a he Educa ional Leade ship p og amme. As an in e na ional s uden in an in e na ional p og amme, p e ious expe iences o eaching and lea ning in di e en places come he e oge he and may in luence he educa ional se ing, in which you ind you sel in, posi i ely and nega i ely. The aim o his ocus g oup discussion is he e o e o p o ide an oppo uni y o you o sha e you expe iences and hough s in an o icial space as a s uden he e a JYU wi h speci ic ocus on you engagemen in academic wo k and academic en i onmen . You iews will be used o unde s and he eaching and lea ning en i onmen om he s uden pe spec i e and e en ually u he de elop ce ain con en a eas such as esea ch me hods cou ses, esea ch semina s and indi idual supe ision. The main aim o he esea ch is a his s age is awa eness building. By sha ing he indings o his esea ch, i is hoped ha p o ide s o in e na ional p og ammes can be e espond o he di e se expe iences and backg ounds o in e na ional pa icipan s. The ocus g oup discussion should no las longe han an hou … So, jus o in o m you, he p e ious one has las ed one hou and 10 minu es, bu we will see. Please no e ha he ollowing session is ideo- and audio- eco ded, an in o med consen has been p o ided o you and you ha e signed i . So, le ’s s a . P3 This is a eally good in oduc ion. P4 I is. And I am hinking. Do we all ha e o do he same hing. (laughing) P3 I know, I am hinking he same hing. In e iewe You a e lea ning some hing a he same ime! P4 I know, i ’s a eally un expe ience. P3 This is e y well w i en. In e iewe Thank you. So, he e a e going o be a ew hemes I am going o add ess when discussing o you a e going o discuss hem. So, i ’s basically gonna be based on you indi idual expe iences, you g oup wo k expe iences... P3 Äh… g oup wo k (shaking head sligh ly). P4 Fun. In e iewe … suppo measu es he e a JYU and I also will gi e you some space o p o ide ecommenda ions in case hey a e necessa y. So, as you ep esen a g oup o di e se s uden s… P3 is om (home coun y P3) and P4 is om (home coun y P4). You b ing a a ie y o eaching and lea ning backg ounds, mo i a ions and expe iences wi h you. So, he e is a g oup o ques ions I am going o ask you, so you can espond o hose in a ious ways. I am no gonna ask single ques ions. How do you manage you s udies he e a JYU? How would you desc ibe you s udy expe iences so a ? Wha has gone well and wha has been di icul , and why. So, his is indi idual-based expe iences, no g oup wo k ye . Tha comes la e . P4 I don’ know abou you, basically I don’ manage. Se iously, I was yes e day... I con ac ed he school whe e in end o ca y ou esea ch in (home coun y P4). The school coo dina o is no eally my iend, bu we know each o he , so she was kind o asking me, wha i ’s like o s udy in Finland and I was discussing ha o like abou an hou on he phone. I should ha e jus eco ded ha . No, bu basically I was elling he ha i 's e y di icul o me o manage because while I am no eally p oduc i e unde a lo o p essu e, I am no p oduc i e ei he in a con ex whe e he e is absolu ely no p essu e. I ind i e y di icul o manage my own ime and manage my esponsibili ies and asks. In he i s e m I did well and ha I inished e e y hing on ime, I didn' he ex ensions o any hing. Bu his e m I jus don' know why... In e iewe Why do you hink in he i s semes e i wo ked so well. P4 In he i s semes e I sa down, I planned he e m in e ms o ‘ his week is going o be emp y, his week is no going o be emp y, I am going o ha e ons o classes his week, bu no he e and hen as I y o plan like, gi en all he deadlines, when I would wo k on hings and I ha wo ked and I submi ed e e y hing. Bu hen he e was his one assignmen o a cou se ha s a ed in No embe , o which you we e in, ha I couldn' inish he assignmen on ime and hen I emailed he p o esso and I was like ‘Hey, I couldn’ inish he assignmen s on ime, can I ge ex ension?’. His eply was ‘Send me you wo k whene e you can.’ And hen when I s a ed alking abou his wi h o he people ‘cause i jus caugh my a en ion because i was like ‘Send me you piece whene e you can’, e e yone's esponse was was: ‘Oh people he e a e so chill, nobody eally ca es i you jus submi i whene e , whe e e .’ And I jus hen hough well he e's no u gency in submi ing his pape , bu hen a e ha ing seen ha i 's been i e mon hs and I s ill ha en’ submi ed his pape . I kind o el like, you know wha people he e appa en ly jus eally wan me o ake my ime and lea n. Lea ning is mo e impo an han me submi ing assignmen s, essays, pape s. So, a his poin o example, I ha e an assignmen ha is al eady eady and i 's la e like by a mon h and a hal bu I jus don’ wan o send i because I don’ eel like i is good. And I'm like s ill ying o go back o i and ead i and ead o he hings and change i . And I was alking o (name o s uden ) wo days ago abou his issue and she was like ‘Jus submi i .’ P3 Exac ly. (laughing) Jus submi i . P4 I should jus submi i . And I am like ‘I don’ wan o.’ In e iewe Bu is i like… you hink ha you mo i a ion wen maybe a bi down, bu he e is also mo i a ion o imp o e a he same ime? P4 Like my mo i a ion wen down o mee deadlines, I s ill wanna s udy and ead and do good wo k, bu I jus don’ wanna… i nobody eally ca es and is p essu ing me o pe o m o a ce ain s anda d o o ce ain le el by a ce ain deadline, why would I p essu e mysel o do i ? In e iewe This is maybe called academic eedom he e, a bi . The eedom ha you ha e ime o lea n, ask, c i ical hink. P4 I guess, I guess i ’s academic lexibili y. (P3 nodding) I ’s like… I hink Finn’s p ide. I ’s all abou how lexible we a e and how much you us you and e e yone else a ound us. And I ind i beau i ul, bu a he same ime i is e y di icul o me o handle and wo k in ha kind o en i onmen . In e iewe Did you ha e any issues wi h language in gene al? P4 You mean… like w i ing? In e iewe Yeah. P4 No. Yeah, i ’s ine. In e iewe Wha abou you? P3 I hink… I kinda o go he ques ions, bu jus ... In e iewe How do you manage you s udies he e a JYU? How would you desc ibe you s udy expe iences so a ? And wha has gone well, and wha has been di icul and why. P3 Fo me… i s semes e was a shock. Fi s o all, I jus go he e and hen I didn' ake ha many classes, I am gonna… I need some ime o e-adjus and make iends, make a li e he e and I don' wan my academics o come in o in e e e wi h all ha . So, my classes we e jus he basics and i ac ually wen eally, you know. I go o like ind o balance be ween wo k and li e and also he academic eedom o lexibili y as we jus alked abou ha , kinda s uck me like in he beginning… I don’ know wha o do wi h his, jus like oo much. Bu hen o me… I was a a he posi i e expe ience ‘cause i ga e me inne mo i a ion. So, i didn' eally ma e wha o he s a e doing as long as I am lea ning, I'm doing, hen i ’s good. So ha kind o ga e me like e en now I'm eally liking his expe ience because i jus all abou my p oac i i y, my ini ia i e, how much I do, how much I lea n and i doesn' eally ma e like… e en like compa ing g ades… I used o do ha when I was back in high school o college bu now i 's like ‘Wha e e I go , i ’s mine.’ I doesn’ eally ma e s wha o he s go , i ’s my jou ney, my lea ning jou ney so ha has been jus ... I jus eally lo e he sys em he e pe sonally. And, o his semes e howe e , I ook a bi oo many cou ses, so I' e been like dying and ha 's one hing ha i kinda don' like abou mysel , is I pu i on mysel , I know… because o so many cou ses, I can’ eally lea n oo much o each cou se ha I'm going in o. When I wan ed o del e mo e in o i , bu I jus ha e so many hings going on a he ime and I'm no eally good a asking o ex ension (laughing), I should bu I like jus o… jus inish i o by he deadline, submi i and hen mo e on o he nex one.. like. Bu a he same ime ha I can’ eally lea n as much as I would I wish o lea n, like wha you jus said, some s uggle he e, bu o e all I…. i ’s jus been good managing my own pace and p o esso s, mos p o esso s… hey espec ha … he s uden au onomy. In e iewe Ok, you ha e add essed his al eady a bi … he di e ences back home o you p e ious expe iences. So, how does i con as om you p e ious expe iences as a highe educa ion s uden ‘cause you bo h ha e done a Bachelo ’s deg ee, P4 back in (home coun y P4) and P3 in he... P3 I did in (O he coun y han home coun y P3, ENL en i onmen ). In e iewe And you in he (O he coun y han home coun y P3, ENL en i onmen ). Did i help you o ha e hose s udies be o ehand, did i p epa e you, did i complica e hings ‘cause I hink he e a e di e ences, which migh ha e in luenced his en i onmen he e, bu he e also simila i ies? P4 My expe ience o uni e si y in (home coun y P4) was kind o unny ‘cause I was kinda… I spen se en yea s o ac ually g adua e om uni e si y. In e iew How long is i usually? P4 Th ee and a hal o i e yea s. So, i ook me se en. I s a ed s udying communica ion and hen I did ha o a yea and hen I qui , hen I wen o music school o wo and a hal yea s and hen I qui and hen a e ha , when I inally go in o he languages depa men o s udy languages and li e a u e ha I did in he sho es ime possible. I managed o do ha in h ee and hal yea s. Bu a e ha ing had al eady h ee and a hal yea s o expe ience in o he p og ams, when I wen he e, I kinda had his mo i a ion o like... I knew how he sys em wo ked in (home coun y P4), I knew wha I could do, wha I could no do, wha I should do and should no do, wha kind o igh s I would ge in o, wha kind o a gumen s I would ge in o, who I will go o o suppo . So, I was e y much in he mood o like ‘I am jus he e o g adua e, I wan my diploma’. So, I go o school, i e minu es be o e classes s a ed and go o class. As soon as classes we e o e , I an o my job. Because I was al eady wo king as a eache , as a language eache , a lo o wha I s udied was al eady known. I el like i was, gene ally speaking, a e y easy expe ience. Also, he e's he ac ha he e's no a lo o g oup wo k and he e is no a lo o essay w i ing. Fo mos cou ses you'll ha e exams. In e iewe So, compa ed o he e… you ha e qui e a bi o essay w i ing... P4 So, yeah… in he e I ha e a lo mo e essay w i ing. And e en, say o example, i I had o w i e an essay o a cou se he e. I would ha e o w i e an essay o be submi ed a he end he cou se, which las ed ou mon hs and I would mee egula ly, say wo o h ee imes a week o wo hou s. So, hen ha I el like he e was a lo ha was discussed and a lo o space, a lo o oom o you o discuss wi h o he s and ead and hen lea n. Also, he e is a lo o ime o you o ead hings and p o esso s will go and say ‘Fo nex class please ead his a icle, o nex class please ead his a icle, ead his book by he end o his mon h.’ So, I did i and hen when came o he end o he cou se, when I had o w i e my pape , I had w i en down e e y hing I wan ed o kinda say, I al eady had ead e e y hing e e y hing. I was ine and he e, my i s cou se I had ou mee ings, he p o esso jus ga e us all hese e e ences and he was jus like ‘Well, ead his by he end o he ou h mee ing, gi e us a p esen a ion o he pape , good luck!’ P3 (laughing) Tha sounds like a ypical Finnish en i onmen . P4 Well, wha should I w i e abou ? ‘Well, jus any opic ha you ind in e es ing om hese eadings.’ (P3 laughing) And I am jus like… wha speci ically? ‘Well, you know… like any hing.’ (P3 laughing) Al igh . So, is was a bi o a shock… P3 Yeah. P4 … and i s ill is in a way and yeah, in ha sense I'm e y used o people elling me exac ly wha i ha I need o do… like o class, o my assignmen s o .. You know e e y hing. I'm used o seeing people in a mo e egula bases and ha ing ha space o discuss hings and kinda g ow oge he wi h o he s. In e iewe Would you like o see ha he e as well? P4 I miss ha ing mo e classes. I eel like i he cou se… because i 's a he us a ing ha you come o ano he coun y o s udy and basically wha you a e doing is you eading a home. I could ead a home, om home. (P3 ag eeing) I didn' gi e up my li e in (home coun y P4) I didn' gi e up e e y hing. ‘Cause I did gi e up e e y hing: I had o sell u ni u e, apa men , ca s… like e e y hing ‘cause I was like I need money o go o Finland and now I am making his huge in es men o s a li e he e. When I come he e, I ha e ou mee ings and lo o eadings and I am like ‘Tha ’s no wha I came o .’ Does ha make any sense o you? In e iewe Yeah. P4 I is a he us a ing. Bu , yeah… I miss ha ing a li le bi mo e o e e ence… my iends wo ds yes e day ‘s uc u e’. In e iewe And in e ac ion. I seems like in e ac ion is missing. P3 In e ac ion and s uc u e. P4 I is s uc u e and in e ac ion, yeah. And I mean in e ac ion wi h classma es, jus no h ee people who I am doing g oup wo k wi h, bu in e ac ion wi h he whole g oup. In e iewe Yeah. P4 Which also helps o c ea e a sense o communi y and we a e all I mean oge he . P3 I hink simila … he s uc u e hing, ha ’s one hing ha was a s a k con as … as in he (O he coun y han home coun y P3, ENL en i onmen ), he i s day will ge a h ee, ou page… i e page syllabus. And i kind o s a es ou he cou se objec i e, books and how you a e g aded, which is he mos impo an pa and hen like a calenda , each class wha we a e gonna do and when he exam is o when he assignmen is due. I ’s e y s uc u ed. Like 20% pa icipa ion, 40% his, 40% ha . I'm so used o ha . So, when I i s go he e ‘Like, how a e we gonna ge …’ Like, o me as a (Cul u al backg ound P3), g ade is jus so much impo an o me, all abou g ade, g ade, g ade. He e is like… as you said… wha e e you hink ha in e es s you in his ield o .. I don’ know mul icul u al guidance and counselling. Wha ’s going on, wha a e we supposed o do. And ha jus eally like… shocked me. Bu o me again like… ha lexible eedom ga e me… a way o explo e my in e es , no based on wha o he people say, bu jus based on lis ening o my inne oice, wha I wan o do. And ha was some hing e y new o me and in ha way, jus like lea ning ou come, like lea ning p ocess and ou come p ocess o his became mo e impo an o he i s ime han ou come. So, ha was a good ans o ma ion o me. As o my highe educa ion, wha helped was… I sa in an in English se ing, so in (O he coun y han home coun y P3, ENL en i onmen )... and o my social wo k deg ee…. Al hough we didn’ had o w i e a hesis, bu we had o ead a lo a icles, w i e a lo pape s. So, I was e y much used o sea ching o a academic a icles, eading i , ci ing i , doing APA… we did APA s yles. So, doing he APA s yle… so, all hose hings I ha e done i be o e and ha eally helped me he e as well. Like… I kinda know he d ill abou ha . So, ha eally helped. And g oup wo k he e, de ini ely mo e.. I did g oup wo k a ew imes back in (O he coun y han home coun y P3, ENL en i onmen ) and I ha ed i ‘cause people ha e di e en s yles o w i ing, di e en le el o s u and di e en ways o app oaching and jus ha ing i oge he is di icul , bu he e i is way mo e g oup wo k. And in he beginning I am like ‘Oh my god, his is killing me.’ And in he e i ’s no e en… like English is he second language o mos people. So, ha he English p o iciency le el and hen academic in eg i y is de ined di e en ly o di e en people, so ha is also a big s uggle. A he same ime, I lea ned a lo . I guess o me like… in he beginning, i bugged me ha he e is no so many s uc u ed classes, bu no I kinda like ha . I gi es again mo e eedom o mee wi hin my g oup. And I el like.. Some o he iends.. (Finnish iend 1) and (Finnish iend 2)… like I eally go o become iends wi h hem h ough close kni g oup wo ks. Tha ’s how we go o mee . And, become iends and we alk abou any hing, e e y hing and I don’ hink, i would ha e happened in a bigge class se ing. And jus ha ing mo e ime, jus … wha e e I wanna do, jus mo e ime o lea n wi hin my own pace. And he classes he e a e no ha help ul in many cases (laughing)... like. P4 Yeah. P3 Yeah, he p o esso s a e mo e like esea che s han eache s. P4 I ag ee. P3 I only me a ew good eaching p o esso s. So, like ew. P4 I’d say wo. P3 (Laughing) In e iewe Can you like b ing some con ex o ha ? A e hey like… ‘cause we a e in a Finnish uni e si y, bu a e hose people... P4 They a e no e en Finns. Pe iod. In e iewe Thanks. P3 They a e Finns o me. They don’ in e ac wi h he s uden s. They don’ know eally how o each like he pedagogy like. I ’s like… I don’ know. And he con en i sel is some imes… I don’ know. P4 I don’ hink you had his pe son in any cou se… So, hey like o spend all he lec u es basically e-a anging g oups o g oup wo k (P3 laughing). I hink you had his pe son (add essing In e iewe ). Anyway… so, i ’s a big g oup p ojec ha is p esen ed in he beginning o he cou se and on he i s day, his pe son b ings in he di e en g oups ha hey al eady planned. And hey y o hink o like g oups ha a e kind o balanced o when i comes o how many male and emale membe s, coming om di e en con inen s. So you will ha e a eally ich expe ience and I ind his ac ually eally nice ha he akes he ime o go h ough i and hink abou i . Bu hen.. Say… he will ha e h ee o ou mo e lec u es because people s a gi ing up on his cou ses… I don’ know why… P3 Yeah (sligh ly laughing) P4 He s a s o ea ange he g oups bu he doesn' ea ange he g oups be o e coming o class. He ea anges he g oup in class and… P3 And ha akes up mos o he ime... P4 I ha e ne e seen him do i in any less han hi y o o y i e minu es. P3 I would ha e ha . Well, I ha en’ had ha p o esso , bu I ha e one p o esso …. Like e e yone is sleeping, li e ally… no one is lis ening o ha class. And he alks in his e y, small mono onous oice and we don’ e en know wha he is alking abou . Like o … wo hou s. And I am like li e ally no lis ening. In he beginning I am like ‘I am so in e es ed’ and hen ‘Ok, I don’ eally ca e now’. I ’s jus ... In e iewe Would you ha e liked ha he eache would say some hing,... like ha hey wake up because you said he class oom was sleepy o wha is sleepy because o he con en ? P3 I don’ know. P4 In a con ex like his… I I no iced ha i was a eache p oblem and hey old me ‘wake up’, I be so pissed I would p obably gi e a sassy answe . P3 I ’s jus … bu he way he eaches is no engaging a all. As in some eache s hey a e excellen in eaching he e and he e a e some… I can hink o one o wo, a couple igh now… and hey engage wi h s uden s, hey kinda lea n wi h he s uden s and y o igu e ou oge he … o like ha e di e en ways o eaching. No always like ‘Ok, o m in o g oups, pu in a pos e and ell us.’ No only jus one me hod, bu di e en ways o … a a ie y o g oup wo k o in e ac ion. And ha was way be e . So, i some classes a e like his, I would no wan o ha e mo e classes ha I would jus go and sleep o dislike. Thei o y minu es o eg ouping, bu i i is mo e well s uc u ed and nice in e ac ion.. Then i would be nice, yeah. In e iewe So, also a bi o lack o s uc u e and p epa a ion. P3 (whispe ing) P epa a ion… hey don’ p epa e. P4 I am no su e i i is a ma e o lack o p epa a ion as much as i is a ma e o p io i ies like wha he p o esso s p io i ize and how hey see class ime should be used. A ew p o esso s clea ly hink ha class ime should be a ime o discussion. P3 I hink so, yeah. P4 Like p omo ing c i ical hinking, en ichmen . O he eache s he e hink o class ime as o icial ime o g oups o mee P3 Ah.. ha ’s a good poin . Maybe ha ’s why hey don’ eally each bu hen also some eache s… hey a e like, hey gi e you like a icles o ead un il nex class and hen du ing he class, hey alk abou he a icle. P4 Bu , hey epea wha ’s in he a icle. So, wha ’s he poin ? P3 Exac ly, so we a e like… ‘why a e we eading his?’ P4 Exac ly. P3 A e ha I am like.. ‘I am no gonna ead he a icle anymo e.’ In e iewe So, wha would you wish ins ead, when you ha e o ead an a icle? P4 Tha we would alk abou i , discuss abou i . Tha we would ha e a ask. P3 Talk, discuss abou i .. Like ‘Wha a e he ques ions?’ Like one o he eache s, he would ha e an online se ing... ‘Discuss in pai s o h ees abou he a icle and hen gi e me h ee ques ions o h ee s a emen s abou he a icle ha you ound in e es ing o you wan ed o know mo e. And we would pu i all in he online hing and hen we would alk abou hese ques ions oge he . In e iewe Was i Op ima o …? P3 I ’s ‘Teache s mee ’ o ‘Todays mee ’? I is ano he online hing. In e iewe Ok. P3 Like ha was eally help ul. P4 We’ e used i (poin ing o In e iewe ). No he same pla o m, bu we ha e used, i , in he same cou se I am alking abou . In e iewe Padle . P4 Padle , yeah. P3 So, in a way… i kinda mo i a es you o ead. Yeah, some hing like ha would be nice, bu hen don’ gi e us oo many a icles o ead hough (laughing). P4 Bu hen again… no, ha ’s ano he hing I was alking abou ecen ly wi h (name o s uden ). I eel like i you wan o pu sue you Mas e s, you should expec o ead a lo … P3 Yeah. P4 … cause echnically i ’s supposed o be a mode (?) o s udies. So, I don' ge o example p o esso s who don' eally assign any eading wha soe e . And hey kinda jus expec you o by you sel ind wha e e you' e in e es ed in and s a eading abou i . Some imes i 's di icul o know wha i is, you a e in e es ed in because you don' know any hing abou a opic. How do I know wha I am going o be in e es ed? P3 Tha ’s so… Tha ’s wha bugged be o one o my classes. I ’s like… I don’ know any hing abou his ield, and you a e like ‘Find some hing in e es ing and w i e abou i .’ And I am like... P4 On o my i s cou ses in educa ional leade ship he e, I knew… P3 Ze o... P4 Ze o abou educa ional leade ship and hey a e like… ‘Wha in e es s you in he ield o educa ional leade ship?’ (P3: How do I know?). And hen maybe ha ha comes om he assump ion ha in e na ional people coming in o a Mas e s he e, al eady had expe iences in he ield. I don' know i ha 's he expec a ion, bu hen again you will ha e... you know a wen y one yea olds, wen y wo yea olds in he p og amme, accep ed in o he p og amme. P3 I know. Bu hen, hey a e se ing a di e se g oup o s uden s, like s uden s wi h jus Bachelo s o wi h no educa ion backg ound, like I don’ ha e educa ion backg ound, I augh bu hen I don’ ha e he academic educa ion backg ound o … P4 … who al eady ha e a Mas e s. P3 … who al eady ha e a Mas e s in educa ion o psychology who did ha p e iously in (?) educa ion. I is di icul o hem. In e iewe Ok,... so we a e going o alk a bi mo e abou indi idual expe iences and w i ing essays in an academic o ma , which is o en e e ed o academic w i ing. And I ha e his o you, so you can ead i , bu I am eading i ou loud as well. Bu his is a quo e om he uni e si y websi e. The e is a inal p ojec , which is o conduc a small scale esea ch and w i e a Mas e ’s hesis supe ised by p o esso s and senio lec u e s. The hesis opics a e ela ed o he esea ch a eas o he Facul y o Educa ion. The hesis p ocess is suppo ed by esea ch me hod cou ses, esea ch semina s and indi idual supe ision. (P4 sligh ly laughing) So, gene ally how do you app oach gi en assignmen s? We ha e add essed his al eady a bi , bu could you hink o an assignmen , you we e pleased wi h and why and an example o an assignmen , you we e disappoin ed wi h and why. And his is basically indi idual assignmen s igh now. P3 No g oup wo k. In e iewe No, no ye . In he nex sec ion, basically simila ques ions a e going o be answe ed based on g oup wo k. P4 Ok, so in e ms o my w i ing, I am gene ally e y pleased wi h my w i ing because I know ha I can do i and I do i well. One assignmen in pa icula kind o us a ed me because he p o esso clea ly s a ed hey wan ed minimum six pages, maximum eigh pages. And I ead qui e a lo o he cou se. And hen, when I submi ed he pape , i was i e pages long, he six h page is only wo o h ee lines. And I knew i was no six pages long, which is why when I submi ed he assignmen , I also w o e.. ‘ Hey, lis en… I couldn’ w i e six pages because I ha e no any hing o say ha would lead up o six pages. I you wan , I can jus add in…’ Well, I didn’ say ha , bu I was hinking.. ‘I you wan , I jus can add a bunch o bull…’ You know, I don’ ha e enough pages. And hen he eache wan ed o penalize me o ha … In e iewe In wha way? P3 Like gi ing a lowe g ade. P4 G ade. Lowe g ade. And I am like… i doesn' make sense, i doesn' make sense. I know i 's no bad, I know he con en is ele an , why don' you jus look a ha , why do you wan o penalize me o no w i ing six pages and w i ing i e. In e iewe Ok, wha was he p ocess be ween… wha happened nex a e he eache announced penaliza ion? P4 So, I ha en' go he g ade ye . So, I don’ eally know. This is a he ecen . I don' eally hink he eache will penalize me o ha because I don' know…. I ha e he eeling ha hey we e jus saying i and ha hey will conside a e i mo e ca e ully bu in case ha he eache does penalize me o ha , I will go o Panu o alk abou i because I ind i e y us a ing. In e iewe Was i clea ha he e migh be a penaliza ion o less han… because i was six show up o mee ings o i people a e no esponsible o hei own ask. I know, e e yone is eally busy, bu i you a e in ha g oup, hen you ha e o do you pa . Bu hen i hey don’ come up wi h hei pa , hen i is jus ge s eally challenging. Yeah. In e iewe How do you sol e.. Because you said, you migh ew i e pa s. A e he e any o he solu ions han ew i ing? Wha do you hink abou ha ‘cause i sounds a he complica ed and a lo o ime e o . P3 Righ . We will… wha I did once was like, when ha s uden eally hones ly didn’ eally know abou i ha p oblem. Then I would ell he ‘So, you canno do ha . And i you wan o use he exac hing, hen you ha e o pu quo a ions ma ks.’ I was basically eaching he abou he academic in eg i y. And hen he s uden was like ‘Ok.’ Bu hen you can’ pu he en i e pa a in in quo a ion. So I am like ‘You ha e o pa aph ase i .’ So, i ’s like s ep by s ep eaching, which is like… ha ’s... In e iewe Is i you ask? P3 I know, i ’s no my esponsibili y. I ’s a good pee lea ning and pee suppo , bu i is no my esponsibili y. So, a he same ime i was eally us a ing. P4 Bu .. I am so y o in e up . Don’ you ind ha ’s kinda a p oblem. You a e based on he assump ion ha i ’s no you esponsibili y o help you pee s, bu isn’ his he whole poin o doing g oup wo k he e? Suppo each o he and lea n wi h each o he . P3 Bu hen… o wha ex en ? P4 I don’ know. P3 I guess, I jus go eally us a ed in he beginning, bu hen as I saw he s uden imp o ing in he academic w i ing, I am like ‘Okay, maybe ha ’s a good hing. E e yone’s imp o ing lea ning.’ And i I was con ibu ing o he imp o ing, hen I am happy, oo. Bu a he same ime, a gh… yeah, i is inne con lic , I guess. Bu hen he e was ano he s uden , who… we a e su e, ha he knew abou i … and he copied and pas ed and we we e mad. And we messaged him like ‘I ’s no cool.’, bu we had o do he hing again. So, he e we e cases like ha , oo. I know my classma es, who had g oup eam membe s,who did no come hen… hey would… a e gi ing hem some chances o some we e like ‘Le ’s mee .’ and no show up, hey would con ac he p o esso saying his is he si ua ion, could you igu e his ou o us, could you like s ep in. So, ha happened, oo. In e iewe Wha abou you? P4 I didn' ha e any majo p oblems wi h g oup wo k he e, no hing pa icula ly ha bo he ed me. I was lucky enough o, I guess, be wo king wi h people who I'm iends wi h, mos o he imes. (Lis ing iends names, P3 laughing). I ’s no eally a p oblem. P3 Which is like now when I ge in o a g oup, I am like ‘Ok, I am going o look o people ha I know and I can us .’ P4 Yeah, yeah. In e iewe Bu , hen no e e y ime you ha e he choice. P4 Yeah. P3 No e e y ime, bu mos o he imes, you could kinda choose. Then I eel like, hen his kinda jus limi ... P4 (bo h alking a he same ime) Whene e I can choose, I jus choose now he people I know ha I wo k wi h well. Those people, I jus know hem. P3 I know. I do ha , oo. Exac ly. P4 ( alking alone) The one ime when I el like I kind o was no comple ely su e o wha was gonna happen, was he ime when I was wo king on a p ojec wi h h ee o he people. We didn' ge o choose ou g oups. You we e in he g oup (add essing in e iewe ), I am jus gonna say i . (P3 laughing) In e iewe Tha ’s ok, I ’s good o say i because... P4 So i was me, you and wo o he people and i s o all, I eel like we we e all p essu ed o ime. So, ha was a big p oblem. The cou se was all like in he cou se o h ee weeks, I hink and we basically had h ee weeks o pu a compa a i e s udy oge he . P3 Wow, ha ’s eally sho . P4 I know. P3 In ense. P4 And hen inding he ime like owa ds he end o he e m, his was like end o No embe , beginning o Decembe , we all had ou plans and ou o he deadlines and o example, in you case wo k, we a e all kind o p essed o ime. So, inding he ime was di icul . Basically, I hink we me like wice. In e iewe Yeah, and in class. P4 Yeah… and one day, I guess like one o he imes we me , one o wo days be o e he p esen a ion. In e iewe Yeah. P4 And hen when we go oge he be o e he p esen a ion we lea ned ha one o ou g oup membe s didn' eally ha e any expe ience wha soe e wi h academia basically. P3 Ahhh, ha ’s so ough. P4 Then i go o he poin whe e, I don’ know i you emembe ha , bu she s a ed looking o a icles explaining uni e si y en ance exams in he coun y, in (home coun y o he s uden men ioned) and hen she s a ed copy pas ing in o ou li le d i e he ex in (na i e o ongue o he s uden men ioned). To which we we e like ‘We don' speak (na i e ongue o he s uden men ioned).’ Can you sha e wi h us some hing ha we can ac ually ead. And she was like ‘Giggling sound.’ In e iewe I hink… I will add maybe o his now because i jus hink his is open. I hink one o he p oblems wi hin his g oup was also was ha his pe son was exchange s uden , Bachelo ’s s uden . P4 Yeah, yeah. P3 Tha .. yeah. P4 She was like 19. P3 I don’ wanna wo k wi h exchanges, jus yeah. In e iewe I hink ha ’s no he main issue, bu he p oblem is pu ing us oge he wi h his kinda inexpe ienced and we y o each ou goals and we a e se ing goals o ou sel es. I was e y complica ed and we we e all om di e en p og ammes. P3 Righ . In e iewe So, I hink i was nice ha i was di e se and i was nice ha i was mul icul u al, bu i also pu a lo o challenges upon us. P4 I wouldn' say i was a nice expe ience, gene ally speaking. P3 How much… i i ’s a g oup p oduc and e e yone comes in o i , inpu , bu hen his inpu … he e is a di e ence o le el in he inpu . How much should you make i consis en ? Like, a e you empe ing o he ’s wo k o like should you… I don’ like… In e iewe Tha ’s a good ques ion. P3 Some imes, when I do g oup wo k, i ’s like… hm.. I i is in a simila le el, hen i ’s ine. Di e en w i ing s yles, o cou se because people a e di e en bu hen you could jus see all hese e o s in all hese quo es and plagia ism. Then, i ’s jus like… how much wo k should you pu in o o he ’s wo k. P4 Bu , i is o he ’s wo k o is i g oup wo k? And how much should you be, again, esponsible o … you know... P3 Ah… i ’s ough. P4 … helping o he s and doing hings wi h o he s. ‘Cause I eel like in a lo o coun ies g oup wo k equals you know delega ion o asks,... P3 Yeah. P4 You do his, you do ha , you do ha and we all ge oge he and pu oge he his li le mons e whe e you ha e my a m, you leg, his head. P3 Righ , igh . P4 And I eel like in he e ha ’s no he expec a ion, he expec a ion is ha you a e all l wo king oge he , all he ime and ha you'll come up wi h a p ojec o wi h like a p oduc ha is uly e e yone’s. Bu ha i 's e y di icul because o mul iple hings. P3 Exac ly. P4 Finding he ime, all he o he .. In e iewe A e hose expec a ions communica ed o you? P3 No, in hose cases. P4 I el , in he beginning i was o us a leas . P3 Ok. Fo me mos cases, no. P4 In he p og amme i was. P3 I guess, i ’s expec ed o us in a g oup o communica e ha , bu some imes we kinda hink ha e e yone has a simila expec a ion when we don’ . So, we kinda skip ha pa and p oblems a ise. P4 So, hen I el like gene ally he e we e wo p oblems. One ime, i we would ha e had mo e ime o he cou se, I'm su e we would ha e done some hing much be e . P3 Time cons ain is a big hing. P4 Time cons ain is a big p oblem. And hen han he o he p oblem was jus I hink he di e si y in he g oup ha i in a way i was no as help ul. In e iewe The skill le el? P3 Yeah, ha ’s di icul . P4 Yeah. In e iewe Ok, we ha e alked a li le a bi abou he suppo he e. And you ha e explained ac ually qui e a bi o ha al eady. To wha ex en , because you ha e alked abou i al eady, o wha ex en ha e you been suppo ed wi h you academic wo k he a JYU? Was i help ul, was i no help ul. Do you hink, a e you sa is ied wi h he suppo ‘cause he e was a bi like, I hink nega i i y abou he cou ses o e ed he e and maybe he communica ion be ween he cou ses? P4 Nodding. In e iewe So, can you maybe desc ibe i a bi mo e? Ou ha e alked qui e a bi abou i , o be hones . P4 The only hing ha I would add is ha i you look o indi idual suppo om you know eache s o pee s, e e yone is eally suppo i e and open o help you. Fo some people i migh be di icul o look o help. I pa icula ly don' lo e looking o help. And I ind i eally di icul o jus app oach people and o like ‘I'm no managing o I need mo e suppo wi h ha .’ Mos ly, I’ll jus like s uggle a home, silen ly… (laughing). Yeah. P3 You can always come o us. P4 Och, no.. I will s uggle and c y and jus be like ‘My li e sucks, his is ho ible and i sucks and…’ Bu , yeah… I ind i eally eally ha eache s a e eally suppo i e i you go o hem. P3 Righ . P4 Bu hen you ha e o always hink i you a e wo king wi h mul icul u al, in e na ional g oups how much a e people eally coming o you o help, igh ? How much do you also ha e o go o s uden s and mee hem maybe hal way? Jus saying ‘I am he e o you.’ doesn’ eally cu i . In e iewe Ok, well.. You ha e men ioned qui e a bi like pee suppo as well as we alked, which seems also in he las g oup… hey ha e discussed his qui e a bi ha o he s uden s helping each o he , which ac ually may be due o he ac ha he s uden may no each ou o au ho i y because he e is his dis ance, wha you ha e jus men ioned. P3 Tha could be, yeah. In e iewe Would you say, i happens qui e o en ha s uden s ask o help om o he s uden s, hei expe iences, wha hey ha e done? P3 I hink o me like, when my coho people o someone asks me o help. And i I could help, I would. Bu i I ha e my pla e ull and I know he esou ces ha could help, like he pe son, hen I would be like ‘You can ask his pe son. Tha pe son is a be e pe son o help you’. I would edi ec he help. Bu hen, as you say… some people a e no ha keen on eaching ou o help. Fo me pe sonally, i I need help, I each ou o help. I am like ‘I need you. I need ha .’ I will each ou , bu hen no e e yone is like his. P4 In ou coho , we’ e de eloped a p ac ice o sending ou pape s o each o he be o e sending i o he p o esso . So, ha e e yone can ead i and gi e us eedback on i . I 's wo king well I guess. P3 Hm, ha ’s in e es ing. P4 No e e yone does i , bu a lo o people do i . I’ll jus send i o h ee, ou people. In e iewe And hen you gi e each o he eedback. P4 Yeah, yeah. P3 How much can you us hough? ‘Cause like… P4 We jus wanna make su e we ha e some hing ha is no comple ely di e en in doing wha o he people a e doing, I guess. P3 Yeah. In e iewe Do you hink he e is also a isk ha o he people may copy? P3 Exac ly. O some kinda… pa aph asing, plagia ism. P4 Tha happened ac ually… in ou coho . And ou people jus go called (P3: Wow.) o mee wi h T3 and ha e a hea ing o some hing. Bu I don' eally know wha happens, I'd a he no alk abou i . All I know is ha appa en ly hey we e wo king oge he on he assignmen . I wasn’ hey copied. In e iewe I was an indi idual assignmen , bu hey wo ked oge he . P4 I was an indi idual assignmen ha hey kinda eally know how o go abou and hey all jus kinda sa oge he , why don’ we like hink abou i oge he and wo k on i oge he . And as hey we e w i ing, appa en ly a lo o hings we e eally, eally, eally simila . In e iewe This is e hically conside ed w ong. P3 Exac ly. In e iewe In he Finnish con ex . I ’s also…. Fo example, when you ha e… a lo o people a e w i ing no es in class and hey basically w i e down wha he lec u e would say ‘cause ha ’s he con ex hey come om and ha ’s how hey lea n. The e is he p oblem ha , you ac ually in o de o a oid plagia ism, you would need o pa aph ase his. P3 Righ . In e iewe Bu o en, s uden s jus epea wha he eache has said o hem. And his is conside ed he e, in his con ex , as plagia ism. P3 Plagia ism. In e iewe So, i ’s e y complica ed i i is no clea o example, his sounds like o me also ‘Oh, you alk o each o he , you kinda ied o c i ically hink oge he in o de o inish you assignmen .’, bu hen i i ge s oo simila , he e is his isk… P3 I hink, hose should be like discussed in he beginning o he p og amme and kinda like, wha cons i u es academic plagia ism ‘cause like wha you said like lec u e no es, discussions like hose… hey don’ know. Yeah, hose should be discussed. In e iewe And his is a qui e in e es ing case i he e a e mo e han wo people, ou people is qui e big g oup o people (P3: Yeah.), who ha e o deal wi h consequences, which hey a e no awa e o . P3 Exac ly. And I be hey didn’ do i in en ionally. P4 No, no, no… I know hey didn’ . P3 Exac ly. yeah. In e iewe Tha has in my p e ious esea ch, which I ha e done a he o he uni e si y, came qui e clea ly ha he e is unin en ional. P3 Exac ly. P4 You know wha he he unny hing is abou his case speci ically, ha I don’ know much abou , bu ha I do know… hey go caugh so o speak o plagia izing on he assignmen o quan i a i e, which I ind eally wei d ‘cause I mean... P3 I ’s no e en an essay. P4 I ’s no an essay. I we a e all wo king wi h he same se o da a and copy pas ing pa ag aphs gi en by he p o esso on a slide, how is ha hey ge called o plagia ism? P3 Which is why I am e y wo ied o showing my wo k o o he s. Fo he quan i a i e, I had someone asking me ‘Can you send me you s?’. A day be o e he deadline. ‘I won’ copy, I will pu in o my own wo ds, I swea .’ I s ill old he s uden ‘I am so y, I am no com o able. You can ask me ques ions, I can help you explain i , bu I am no gonna send you my wo k.’ I had o make i clea . P4 I don’ mind sending my wo k o o he people, I ha e sen i , I would send i again. And i people would copy, I would be eally pissed and I would go h ough he si ua ion and you jus ell hem, hey copied o om me. P3 Cause also i depends who ask me. I you… hey ask me, I am like ‘yeah, yeah, yeah.’ Bu hen, yeah. P4 I eel com o able sending i o o he people. In e iewe In e es ing. I ha e ac ually wo mo e ques ions and hen his pape . In wha ways do you hink you ha e de eloped as a s uden academically. You ha e men ioned his qui e a bi in he beginning, you ac ually ha e lea ned qui e a bi du ing ce ain cou ses and maybe om o he s uden s and by asking. Bu hen you ha e also men ioned ha some o hose cou ses which a e speci ically supposed o each you academic ea u es, ha en’ eally wo ked ou oo well o a ce ain ex en . Wha would you ecommend and wha would you like o see mo e when i comes o suppo in ha sense? (Pause) You ha e add essed his a bi like you ha e said ha his academic eading and w i ing is no eally s uc u ed owa ds you needs and hen you ha e men ioned as well hese quan i a i e and quali a i e cou ses. P4 O anyone's needs o ha ma e . I am no comple ely su e who’s needs a e add essed. In e iewe So, he e is ac ually like a bi o lack o knowledge o you needs. P3 Tha could be. P4 And ha is in gene al some hing I ha e no iced, in e e y hing he e. I wen ecen ly o a school isi which I hink you (add essing P3) we e in as well... P3 Which one? P4 Las week, we had one going o he adul lea ning cen e . P3 I wasn’ he e. P4 So, a he adul lea ning cen e , when we go he e, he pe son’s i s ques ion was… ‘Wha a e you doing in Finland?’. And we a e like ‘We a e Mas e ’s s uden s.’ and she is like ‘Oh, g ea . How long ha e you been he e?’ and we a e like ‘Fo abou 8 mon hs.’ And hen she asks ‘Oh, ha 's g ea . So, a e you al eady lea ing soon?’. In e iewe So, he e is con ex missing. P4 And we a e like ‘No, we a e s aying o ano he yea .’ ‘Oh, ha ’s an as ic, is his he i s school isi you ha e?’ i ’s my se en h school isi . And hen she goes like ‘Oh, le ’s alk abou ou ins i u e. Ou ins i u e is based in Jy äskylä.’ Tha ’s a gi en, I am he e! You know, I eel like hey need o, he school needs o communica e, he coo dina ion needs o communica e, who we a e, wha we a e he e o , wi h you know like eache s, school p incipals, wha e e people we wo k closely wi h. In e iewe To ha e also he bes ou come o you as well. P4 Exac ly. P3 Yeah. P4 Because I eel like ha hey don' eally many imes know wha ou backg ounds a e, how long we' e been he e, wha kind o cou ses we’ e had be o e. P o esso s a e asking me ‘Ha e you had al eady his cou se?’ and I am like ‘You should know. I don’ ha e o ell you ha .’ P3 Yeah. I hink cou ses could be… p o esso s could use a ious me hods o eaching when gi ing a lec u e ‘cause some cou ses you jus like ‘Why I am he e?’ - a lo o cou se like ha . And hen you lose mo i a ion on he opic, which is so sad. In he beginning, I am so exci ed, I am like… ge i done. So, yeah.. Bu he e a e also some p o esso s who a e eally good. They know wha ’s going on… ‘Oh, you p obably al eady doing his, bu i you doing ha , hen jus con inue doing his.’ They know wha ’s going on. P4 Yeah, yeah. P3 As in some, he e a e mo e he esea ch- ocused people. In e iewe In he p e ious g oup, he e was he discussion abou g ades, meaning ha .. They ha e.. The e is his losing you mo i a ion and hen you submi you assignmen and you s ill ge a i e. And hey a e no eally su e why hey would ge a i e because hey expec ed much lowe and hen you kinda lose he mo i a ion o do mo e. P4 I ag ee. In e iewe Tha ’s some opic which came up because his is he las pa now. Basically, wha do you hink was wi hin he whole discussion, he mos impo an hing we alked abou , jus o e lec and is he e any hing else, which you would ha e liked o alk abou ? P3 I eel like g oup wo k s u , we alked a bi and hen academic in eg i y, we alked a bi , bu hen now ha you men ioned abou g ade. I was jus alking abou (?) he o he day… like he whole Finnish sys em is abou lea ning p ocess, jou ney, you own lea ning au onomy and all ha lexibili y, hen why do hey e en gi e g ades? I i ’s abou you lea ning, how can hey judge you lea ning p ocess? Oh, you lea ning p ocess is jus a h ee igh now. O is jus a ou . O like… so, i kinda con lic s. I know like, in he bigge global socie y you need o be g aded, I am guessing, bu in his especially Finnish con ex like i doesn’ eally make sense (P4 nodding). And i he g ade ei he mo i a e o demo i a e people, hen why is i e en he e. P4 I ag ee. I eel like in ha sense a lo o p o esso s he e a e eally eally good a hinking abou wha he inal assignmen will be because se iously om e e y assignmen he e I' e lea ned so much, bu hey suck a g ading. P3 Yeah. P4 I’ e alked wi h T11 abou his one day and I hink she was a he su p ised a my commen because I said I eel like he s anda d g ade is a i e. You know wha … whe e we ha e hose li le s alls wi h ee hugs, I eel like in Finland, Finland is a one big s all o ee i es. P3 Bu hen he e a e.. Maybe in you con ex , bu I know people who ha e.. No om an English backg ound and no ha e w i en English pape s ha much, and hey did hei bes and hey ge a h ee and hey a e e y disappoin ed because hey pu all hey ha e... P4 Language issues. P3 Language issue.. Bu hen hei lea ning p ocess, hey a e like s i ing, eally ying o do hei bes and hen he ou come hey ge , ‘Oh, you a e jus good. You a e no doing e y good ac ually, you a e jus good.’ P4 Bu I hink his has o do wi h he language ac o . P3 Tha ’s ue. P4 A lo o people a e penalized o no ha ing enough language, bu i hey go selec ed in o he p og amme he e is no cou se o suppo hei language de elopmen . P3 Tha is so ue. And Toe l doesn’ eally measu e any hing, i doesn’ measu e you language p o iciency, i measu es you es skills. P4 I doesn’ . I ag ee. In e iewe Did you bo h ha e o do he Toe l? P4 I didn’ . P3 I didn’ because I ha e English as my highe educa ion. So, i wasn’ manda o y. P4 In my case, high school.I g adua ed om high school in (English na i e speaking en i onmen ), I ha e a (English na i e speaking en i onmen ) diploma o high school, which I guess in a lo con ex s es s my p o iciency. In e iewe I did my deg ee he e in Finland in English and I had o do he Toe l. P3 Oh. P4 Yeah, I didn’ . P3 Toe l is a es skill, i ’s no a language p o iciency. P4 No, i ’s no . P3 So, like o hose people.. They could maybe ake an ex a cou se o language p o iciency o language w i ing, no his in eg a i e esea ch communica ion ‘cause ha ’s mo e abou esea ch and hesis w i ing, bu abou English language w i ing. P4 The unny hing abou language ha he e is his common assump ion ha you know like i people don' speak p ope ly o i people don’ w i e p ope ly ha equals being dumb. P3 Which is no a all. P4 O , ideas a e no being alid. And I eel like in a way his has a li le bi o do wi h wha 's happening he e o I eel like ha ’s he case. People who don' ha e such s ong language skills a e being penalized because o hei w i ing no being so like concise, hei w i ing no being so o mal o academic. P3 Yeah. Bu , he e hasn’ been suppo o ha . P4 Yeah. P3 And you penalizing o ha . P4 Yeah. And a he same ime, hose people a e maybe like eally lea ning a lo in ha con ex . P3 ‘Cause I know some people who ha e a lo in hei mind and.. Bu hei language skills is jus no he e. In e iewe So, you would hink ha he e would be suppo needed o ha ma e ? P3 Yeah. P4 Yeah. In e iewe Ok. The ques ion he p e ious g oup wan ed me o ask you o I asked hem hen as well. Bu you a e i s yea s uden s, so I am no su e i i i s oo well, bu a e you inishing you hesis in ime? P4 My o iginal plan is o inish i be o e he deadline. In e iewe Ok. A e you able o inish i ? P4 I hink so because as soon as I su i e, as long as I su i e his e m, nex e m I ha e wo compulso y cou ses and hesis w i ing. So, ha ’s i . In e iewe Wha abou you? P3 Be o e I came he e, I hough I am gonna… I hough mysel being he e o h ee yea s. So, I am no in a ush, bu now ha I am s a ing my hesis p ocess, is jus how my p ocess goes. I I am ge ing his much… I am no eally hinking abou , when I am gonna g adua e, bu he mo e how much I am gonna lea n. I hink, one hing I wan ed o add o.. No he hesis hing, bu hen in gene al is, like I’ e hea d some people saying i ’s oo easy o hem his cou se. Especially hose in he English backg ound and om an Educa ion backg ound. So, hey ha e al eady done all ha . So, again.. I ’s di icul o ca e o a wide audience. And also like… he e i ’s eally nice because i you wanna lea n mo e, you can o ally lea n mo e. Bu hen... In e iewe I ’s up o you. P3 I ’s up o you. So, like ins ead o … o my poin o iew, so ins ead o complaining, you can o ally go abo e, mo e beyond and do mo e and ask he p o esso mo e, mee wi h he p o esso and do mo e esea ch and wha no . Bu hen o hose who his equi emen i sel is al eady a bu den because hey a e no om he same backg ound, hen ha could be enough o hem. So, I don’ know. I … ‘cause he whole Finnish sys em is equi y. So, ins ead o gi ing highe s anda d… jus wha e e you could go up o, and hose who could do mo e, do mo e. I ’s you (?). P4 Bu he e is also a lo o pe sonaliza ion and di e en ia ion. I eel like in he Finnish con ex . P3 Wha do you mean?