Reindeer coat colour variants in Finland

Rangi e , 30 (1), 2010 11 Rangi e , 30 (1): 11 - 14 B ie communica ion Reindee coa colou a ian s in Finland Jean J. Lau e gne1 & Mau i Nieminen2 1 COGNOSAG (Commi ee on Gene ic Nomencla u e o Sheep and Goa ), 147 C/3 a enue J.B. Clémen , F 92 140 Clama , F ance (jean.lau e gne@s . ). 2 Finnish Game and Fishe ies Resea ch Ins i u e, Reindee Resea ch S a ion, FIN-99910 Kaamanen, Finland (mau i. [email p o ec ed]). Abs ac : A esea ch p og am based on eindee coa colou had i s i s ield su ey in Finland a e he cal ing season o May 2009. This sho no ice ad ances he main obse a ions o he su ey whe e, besides he wild allele, a new mu an could be iden i ied, a leas a h ee colou loci: Agou i (A), Whi e Spo ing (S) and Whi e (W). Key wo ds: colou mu an s, coa colou , gene ics, Rangi e a andus. In oduc ion Du ing a eindee mee ing a Van aa (Finland) in 2006, delega es o he Reindee Resea ch S a- ion (FGFRI) in Kaamanen (Finnish Lapland) and COGNOSAG (Commi ee on Gene ic Nomen- cla u e o Sheep and Goa s) discussed o s udy ge- ne ics o eindee coa colou in Finland. The Reindee Resea ch S a ion is un by wo ull ime scien is s and h ee echnicians, wel- coming gues scien is s. I has a i s disposal a he d abou 150 adul eindee a Ku uha ju expe imen al s a ion wi h 43 km² o na u al pas u e. Ku uha ju es a e and he eindee be- long o he Associa ion o Reindee He de s (Paliskun ain yhdis ys). COGNOSAG has de eloped an expe ise in ca aloging mendelian loci in uminan s: Men- delian Inhe i ance in Sheep (Lau e gne e al., 1996), Mendelian Inhe i ance in Ca le (Milla e al., 2000). May 26-30, 2008, a ound able mee ing was held in Kaamanen summa ized by Lau e gne (2009): he knowledge o eindee coa colou was examined, and a esea ch p og am in Fin- land was planned (Lau e gne, 2009). A i s ield su ey o his esea ch p ojec was ope a ed in May and June 2009. A gumen In e e y animal species a e i s domes ica ion i happens ha : 1) a numbe o iable mu a ions a e no mo e elimina ed unde he p essu e o na u al se- Rangi e , 30 (1), 201012 Fig. 1a-d. Adul colou pheno ype induced by di - e en alleles1. a) allele A+ (wild) a he Agou i (A) locus; b) allele Ab (badge ace) a he Agou i (A) locus; c) allele Sp (piebald) a he Whi e Spo ing (S) locus; d) allele Wwh (whi e) a he Dominan Whi e (W) locus. lec ion which is ac ing in he wild (Da win, 1859, 1868; Geo oy S Hilai e, 1861); 2) he mu a ions con olling coa o plumage colou a e he mos nume ous mu a ions wi h isible e ec s o be main ained, illus- a ed in dogs (Sponenbe g & Ro schild, 2001) and sheep (Sponenbe g e al., 1996). This p ope y dese ed o be p o ed in ein- dee o which he domes ica ion is belie ed o ha e s a ed a ound one housand yea s ago in di e en a eas o Eu asia (Nieminen, 2005; Røed e al., 2008). Resul s o he 2009 ield su ey The p og am was ca ied ou immedia ely a - e he sp ing cal ing season o May 2009 a he Ku uha ju expe imen al he d and in se e al comme cial he ds nea Ro aniemi in which li ing animals as well hides could be checked. Some colou pic u es om he FGFRI a chi es we e also checked. Using he p inciple o compa a i e coa co- lou gene ics in Mammals o Sea le (1968) he ield obse a ions may be in e p e ed in e ms o alleles seg ega ing a he ollowing loci: Locus A (Agou i). The colou pa e n o mos adul eindee was he so called wild pa - e n which is e y common among Mammals, ab d c 1 Pho os o he li e animals a e om he Ku u- ha ju he d, 2008 (a, b), and he Napapii in Po- o a mi Oy, 2009 (d). The hide (c) o a ypical piebald animal was disco e ed a he Napapii in Po o a mi Oy, nea Ro aniemi, 2009. Pho os a-d: J.J. Lau e gne. Rangi e , 30 (1), 2010 13 wi h a ious kinds o s iped hai s on he back and a whi e belly (Fig. 1a). One can pos ula e ha his pa e n is con olled by he wild allele A+ a he Agou i (A) locus. Se e al adul animals we e ca ying ano he well known pa e n among uminan s called badge ace, wi h a black belly, usually induced by he badge ace, Ab allele a he locus Agou i (A) (Fig. 1b). Locus S (Whi e spo ing). Some adul eindee we e p esen ing an i egula whi e design also e y common among mammals (see, o ex- ample he Hols ein F iesian ca le) usually in- duced by he piebald Sp allele a he Whi e spo ing (S) locus (Fig. 1c). Locus W (Whi e). To ally whi e eindee a e commonly seen in Finland. They could ca y he whi e allele Wwh usually desc ibed in Mam- mals a he Whi e (W) locus (Fig. 1d). O he colou pa e ns ob iously induced by colou mu an s could be obse ed mo e sca cely • A da k pa e n a Agou i o a Ex ension (E) locus ? • A b own pa e n a B own (B) locus ? • Se e al whi e designs wi h a a iable exp es- si i y al eady desc ibed by Delapo e (2002) in No way and also p esen in Finland bu hei iden i ica ion could no be made du ing he 2009 ield su ey. In e p e a ion and conclusion Va ian s a h ee well known homologous loci in mammals could be al eady desc ibed in he ew adul animals which we e obse ed in he i s ield su ey in which less han 300 animals could be checked ali e o on pic u es : Agou i locus (wi h allele A+ and Ab ; Whi e spo ing lo- cus (S) wi h alleles S+ and Sp, and Whi e (W) locus wi h W+ and Wwh alleles. Mu an s a e p obably seg ega ing a o h- e loci such as A (Agou i), E (Ex ension) o B (B own). These obse a ions i well wi h ob- se a ions in o he domes ica ed uminan s species. The numbe o colou mu an s in Finnish eindee is no ha g ea (a h ee, pe haps six loci) compa ed o 18 coa colou loci ha ing seg ega ed in he dog (Sponenbe g & Ro sch- ild, 2001) and 11 in sheep (Sponenbe g e al., 1996) bu eindee is o a ela i ely ecen domes ica ion, pe haps 1000 yea s om now as seen abo e, compa ed o ha o dogs and sheep, esp. 17 000 and 11 500 yea s BP (Vi- gne, 2004). These esul s a e encou aging bu dese e o be con i med by mo e ex ensi e ield su eys and by analysis o seg ega ion da a e c. Re e ences Da win, C. 1859. On he O igins o Species by Means o Na u al Selec ion. John Mu ay, London. – In: J.W. Bu ow. 1968. Da win. The O igin o Species. Penguin Books L d, Ha monswo h Middlx, England (see § 1: Va ia ions unde domes ica ion, 71-100). Da win, C. 1868. The a ia ion o Animals and Plan s un- de Domes ica ion. 2 ols. John Mu ay, London. VIII + 411pp, VIII + 486pp (see Vol. I, pp. 1-321, 2. ed., e ised. John Mu ay, London). Delapo e, Y. 2002. Le ega d de l’éle eu de ennes (Lapo- nie no égienne), Essai d’an h opologie cogni i e. Pee e s, Lou ain, Pa is, S e ling, Vi ginia. 336pp. Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e, I. 1861. Acclima a ion e domes- ica ion des animaux u iles. Qua ième édi ion en iè e- men e ondue e considé ablemen augmen ée. La Maison Rus ique, Pa is. 534pp. (see Sec ion II: Va ia- ions subies pa les animaux sous l’in luence de la do- mes ici é: 221-237). Lau e gne, J.J. 2009. Sui i de la domes ica ion du enne en Scandina ie au moyen de gènes con ôlan la cou- leu du pelage [S udying p og ess in Reindee domes- ica ion in Scandina ia using coa colou genes]. – Les Amis du Muséum Na ional d’His oi e Na u elle N° 239, sep emb e 2009: 36-38. Lau e gne, J.J., Dolling, C.H., & Renie i, C. 1996. Mendelian Inhe i ance in Sheep 1996 (MIS 96), CO- GNOSAG and Uni e si y o Came ino, Clama F ance and I aly. 214pp. Milla P, Lau e gne J.J., & Dolling, C.H.S. 2000. Men- delian inhe i ance in Ca le. EAAP publica ion N° 101, Wageningen Pe s. Wageningen. 590pp. Rangi e , 30 (1), 201014 Nieminen, M. 2005. Reindee (Rangi e a andus a andus L.) semi-domes ica ed. – In: Ulla-Ma ia Kulonen e al. (eds.).The Saami, a cul u al Encyclopedia. Vammala, pp. 295-299. Røed, K.H., Flags ad, Ø., Nieminen, M., Holand, Ø, Dwye , M.J., Rø , N., & Vilà, C. 2008. Gene ic analy- sis e eal independen domes ica ion o igins o Eu asian eindee . – P oc. R. Soc. B. 275: 1849-1855. Sea le, A.G. 1968. Compa a i e Gene ics o Coa Colou in Mammals. Logos P ess, Academic P ess, London and New Yo k. 308pp. Sponenbe g, D.P., Dolling, C.H.S., Lundie, R.S, Rae, C., Renie i, C., & Lau e gne, J.J. 1996. 1. Coa co- lou loci (Ca ego y 1). – In: J.J. Lau e gne, C.H.S. Dolling, & C. Renie i. Mendeliean Inhe i ance in Sheep 1996 (MIS 96), COGNOSAG and Uni e si y o Came ino, Clama /F ance and I aly: 13-57 Sponenbe g, D.P. & Ro hschild, M.F. 2001. Gene ics o Coa Colou and Hai Tex u e. – In: A. Ru insky & J. Sampson. The Gene ics o he Dog. CABI, Welling o d, Oxon, UK, New Yo k, pp. 61-85. Vigne, J.D. 2004. Les débu s de l’éle age. Le Pommie , Pa is. 188pp. Manusc ip ecei ed 2 No embe , 2009 e ision accep ed 25 Janua y, 2010 Po on u kin ä i yypi Suomessa Abs ac in Finnish / Lyhennelmä: Tu kimusp ojek i po on u kin ä eis ä alkoi ken ä u kimuksilla Suomessa asonnan jälkeen oukokuussa 2009. Tämä lyhy iedonan o osoi aa, e ä po olla on illialleelin lisäksi myös uusi mu an ialleeli ähin ään kolmessa ä ilokuksessa: Agou i (A), Täplikäs (S) ja Valkoinen (W). Fa ge a ian e a einpels i Finland Abs ac in No wegian / Sammend ag: E o skningsp osjek begyn e i el e e kal ing i 2009. Resul a ene så lang ise a am einen ha å a gemu an e sammenlikne med o holde hos and e domes ise e a e .