Evangelization of the Apostles Yegisha and Dad in Artsakh and Utik according to the Armenian tradition

| 143 Lusine Tumanyan E angeliza ion o he Apos les Yegisha and Dad in A sakh and U ik acco ding o he A menian adi ion Abs ac Acco ding o he A menian Apos olic Holy Chu ch adi ion, h ee o he 72 Disciples o Ch is , Dad, Yeghisha and Khad, isi ed A sakh and U ik p o inces in G ea e A menia and e angelized. Apos le Dad came o A menia wi h Apos le Thaddeus o p each Ch is iani y. And, when he hea d abou king Abga ’s dea h, he wen back o A sakh, whe e he li ed an asce ic li e and died. A monas e y was buil on his elics, which was named a e him. In 2007–2008, du ing he exca a ions o Dad’s chu ch, wo ombs we e disco e ed, bu hey p obably da e back o he la e cen u ies and ha e no connec ion wi h Apos le Dad. A he same ime, we do no deny he his o ical igu e o Apos le Dad and he adi ion ha he Dad Monas e y was ounded on his elics. Apos le Yeghisha accompanied S . Thaddeus du ing his missiona y pa h and was p esen a his ma y dom in A az. Only hen, a e he o dina ion in Je usa- lem, Apos le Yeghisha began p eaching om Cho and hen came o he igh bank o he Ku a Ri e : he wen o he ci y o Saha in U ik, om he e he wen o Gis and es ablished a chu ch he e, and la e he was ma y ed in Ze guni. The elics o Apos le Yeghisha we e bu ied in a place called J sh ik and la e a monas e y was ounded on his elics. Howe e , he e is also a e sion acco ding o which he igu e o Yeghisha Apos le was c ea ed. A e S . Yeghisha, in he 4 h cen u y, G ego is Pa e isi ed Cho . The adi ion o he A menian Apos olic Chu ch s a es ha h ee o he 72 Disciples o Jesus Ch is , namely Dad, Yeghisha and Khad, isi ed he p o inces o A sakh and U ik 1 in G ea e A menia and e angelized he e. We ied o collec and highligh hei li es and missiona y pa hs om he A menian medie al li e a u e. Howe e , i should be no ed ha in academic esea ch ci cles he e is an opinion acco ding o which he igu es o hese Apos les we e 1 Acco ding o Mo ses Kho ena si’s Geog aphy (a m. Ashkha a suy so Ašxa hac’oyc’), A sakh and U ik a e he 10 h and 12 h p o inces o G ea e A menia, C . Mo ses Kho ena si, Ashkha a suy s. Ma enagi q Hayo s, Vol. II. An elias-Leba- non, 2003 (a m.), 2151. Kiel-UP • h ps://doi.o g/10.38072/978-3-928794-95-4/p7 144 | Das kul u elle E be on A zach | Արցախի մշակութային ժառանգությունը c ea ed no ea lie han he six h cen u y. Be o e hei i as a e p esen ed, he elic (head) o John he Bap is kep in Gandzasa in A sakh should be e e ed o. 1. The Relic o John he Bap is in Gandzasa S . Ho hannes Monas e y in Gandzasa , which is he hea and spi i ual cen e o A sakh, is loca ed in he egion o Khachen, on a moun ain si ua ed in on o Vank illage. Be o e he cons uc ion o S . Ho hannes chu ch, he e was he ceme e y o Jalalyan dynas y. In 1216, P ince Hasan Jalal Dola and his mo he Kho ishah began o build S . Ho hannes chu ch on he basis o an ancien chu ch, he cons uc ion o which was inished in 1238 and he chu ch was consec a ed in 1240 on he day o Va da a (Feas o he T ans igu a ion). 2 The ounda- ion o his Monas e y is connec ed wi h he head o John he Bap is . Acco ding o he Holy Chu ch adi ion, he head o John he Bap is was kep in Cons an- inople o a long ime, and du ing he eign o Empe o Cons an ine Monamach (1042–1055) i was di ided in o se e al pa s ( wo o se en). Hence, acco ding o a ious adi ions, he 2 Co pus Insc ip ionum A menica um. Libe V, A sakh, compiled by S. Ba khuda yan. Ye e an, 1982 (a m.), 36. Fig. 1: Gandzasa monas e y. Pho o by Tig an Apikyan (2009). All igh s ese ed. Tumanyan: E angeliza ion o he Apos les Yegisha and Dad | 145 elics o he head o John he Bap is a e kep in he chu ch o S . John he Bap is in Je u- salem, in he chu ch o he ci y o Amiens in F ance, in he Residenz Museum in Munich, in monas e ies o Moun A hos, in he Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and elsewhe e.3 As a as he adi ion o he A menian Chu ch is conce ned, an appendix is a ached o he his o y book o Mo ses Kaghanka a si: »Abou he hono able head o John he Bap is , how i was b ough o A sakh p o ince and hen was pu in S . Gandzasa «. Acco ding o his s o y, John he Bap is ’s ollowe s ook his beheaded body and bu ied i . Howe e , He od had he head o he Bap is , and when he began o mock i , a la ge s one ell and des oyed he house hey we e in. A e a while, wo monks, who spen he nigh in a uined house while a elling, d eamed abou John he Bap is , who showed hem he place o his head. The monks woke up, ook he holy elic and con inued hei jou ney. On he way, a poo man joined hem, and when he monks s opped somewhe e o spend he nigh , ha man ook he holy elic and le . When he ook i home, he sac edly kep i and many people came o he elic o be healed o a ious diseases. Then a po e go he head o John he Bap is and a e wa ds he b o he o he p ince o A sakh, Hasan Jalal Dola, ook i . In 1211, Jalal Dola asked his b o he o gi e him he holy elic. Howe e , his b o he e used o gi e i o him, so he ook i by o ce and b ough i o his es a e in A sakh. Then he bu ied he elic he e and buil an amazing chu ch in Gandzasa called S . Ho hannes (John he Bap is ).4 The e is ano he e sion o his s o y in he A menian manusc ip he i age. A manu- sc ip called Vi as o Sain s, copied in C imea in 1695 and now kep in he Monas e y o S . Hakopyan s in Je usalem, eads: »Then he p ince ecei ed he holy head and ook i o Cons an inople. The F ench peo- ple wan ed o pick i up and ake i o F ance. So, he p ince ook i and led o Geo gia. Recen ly, in 700 [= 1251], Jalaldo lan ook i om his b o he and b ough i o he Gandzak egion o Khachen, called Gandzasa . Then buil a amous Monas e y and called i Gandzasa «.5 This in o ma ion was popula ized by Tama a Minasyan, a senio esea che a he Ma enada- an a e Mash o s, in he aluable wo k Sc ip o ia o A sakh. 6 3 Head o John he Bap is . O hodox Encyclopedia, Vol. XXIV, 528–577. 4 Mo ses Kaghanka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, Ye e an, a m. o iginal compiled by V. A akelyan. 1983 (a m.), 348-350. The e is an opinion ha he i s and second pa s o he book His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, which con ain he e en s up o he middle o he 7 h cen u y, we e w i en by he 7 h cen u y his o ian Mo ses Kaganka - a si. La e i was con inued by he 10 h cen u y his o ian Mo ses Dashkhu an si, o whom he hi d book belongs in i s en i e y; see Ho hannisyan P., Mo ses Kaganka a si and his His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 27–28. Acco ding o Aleksan Hakobyan, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank has one au ho : Mo ses Daskhu an si in X cen u y, who also included in his book ma e ial w i en in VI and VII cen u ies; A. Hakobyan Albania-Aluank in he G eek-La in and Old-A menian Sou ces, 159–190. 5 G and Ca alogue o S . James manusc ip s, ms. 811. Vol. III, 281–282. 6 Minasyan T., Sc ip o ia o A sakh, 10. 146 | Das kul u elle E be on A zach | Արցախի մշակութային ժառանգությունը 2. Apos le Dad 7 The name o he wo ld- amous Dad Monas e y in A sakh is connec ed wi h an Apos le named Dad. The Monas e y is loca ed in he eas e n pa o Ve in Khachen o Tsa egion o A sakh, in he no h o he le bank o he Ta a Ri e . Today, he Monas e y consis s o he ollowing s uc u es: Dad’s chu ch, a chu ch wi h a small dome, Ka oghike chu ch, a building called emple, a chapel, a bell owe , a small es ibule, a colonnade, a e ec o y, a lo d palace, a gues house, a wine p ess, a cella , e c. 8 Dad was one o he 72 Disciples o Ch is who came o A menia wi h Apos le Thaddeus o p each Ch is iani y. Speaking abou he Apos les who came o A menia, Vanakan Va dape also men ioned he name o S . Dad and clea ly s a ed ha Thaddeus was one o he 12 Apos- les o Ch is , and Dad was one o he 72 Disciples: »Ou Apos le Thaddeus, as i is said in he Li e-Gi ing Holy Gospel, was one o he wel e Apos les: Ghebeos, whose name was Thaddeus«, 9 »One o he se en y- wo Disciples was Dad, who wen o he no he n pa s o G ea e A m- enia by he o de o Thaddeus. And when he hea d abou Abga ’s dea h, he wen back o Small Syunik,10 whe e he sec e ly li ed an asce ic li e and died. And a Monas e y was buil he e, which was named a e him«11 (acco ding o a local adi ion, S . Dad was ma y ed). Vanakan’s in o ma ion, as an o icial no e, is included in he collec ion called Book o Pape s. The same in o ma ion is w i en in he A menian ansla ion o Michael he Sy ian’s wo k called Abou he P ies hood. 12 In A menian medie al li e a u e we ind a ious e e ences abou Dad Monas e y. The his o- ian Mo ses Kaghanka a si w o e: »I is called Dado Monas e y«,13 and a chimand i e Mkhi a Gosh w o e in his Ch onicle ha in 1145 he Pe sian gene al Chol des oyed a numbe o se le- men s, including Dad Monas e y. »He could no conque he o esses, bu comple ely des oyed all he p o inces, also bu ned he apos olic holy Monas e y, which is called Dadu Monas e y«.14 7 The name o he apos le in A menian is p onounced as ›Dad‹, bu i is cus oma y o w i e Dad, no Dud. 8 Abou he a chi ec u e and s uc u e o he monas e y see Ka ape ian S., Monumen s o A menian Cul u e in he Occupied Te i o ies o So ie Aze baijan, 81–107. 9 Book o Le e s, 533. 10 A sakh is o en called Li le Syunik in A menian medie al li e a u e. 11 Book o Le e s, 536. 12 Michael he Sy ian, Ch onicle, On he P ies hood, 33. 13 Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 266. 14 Mkhi a Gosh, Ch onology, 608. Tumanyan: E angeliza ion o he Apos les Yegisha and Dad | 147 S . Dad and his omb a e men ioned bo h in he colophons o manusc ip s and in epig aphs o he Monas e y. Mo eo e , Dad is some imes men ioned as Tade. Fo example, Ho hannes Ts a e si ecei ed a manusc ip in 1594 (Je usalem, ms. 2208) and w o e he ollowing no e: »The las ecipien o he holy manusc ip – a chimand i e Ho hannes om Tsa , om he Monas e y o S . Apos le Dad«.15 In 1708, a chimand i e Thomas w o e he ollowing memoi in a manusc ip ha belonged o him: »I was w i en in he di ine Monas e y o S . Tade« (MM, ms. 1301).16 The name Dad is w i en in he 1224 epig aph o he wes e n wall o he Ka oghike chu ch. »Fo God’s sake, I – G ego , Hasan’s son, dona ed ou houses o Dad’s g a e wi h g ea hope«. Dad’s name is also w i en in he epig aph in 1241. »By God’s will, I – P ince Se ada, Smba ’s son, and my wi e Tache dona ed o Dad Monas e y«.17 The people p esumably belie ed ha he omb o S . Dad was loca ed in he no h-eas e n s uc u e o he Monas e y, and called his s uc u e Dad’s Chu ch. The e is a s ony monumen in he eas e n pa o he building, which was supposed o be Dad’s g a e s one. In 1997, he Resea ch on A menian A chi ec u e ounda ion began es o ing he Dad Monas e y, which was inished in 2011. Du ing his pe iod, an a emp was made o ind he 15 Minasyan T., Sc ip o ia o A sakh, 34–35. 16 Main Ca alogue o A menian Manusc ip s o Mash o s Ma enada an. Vol. III, 854. Minasyan T., Sc ip o ia o A sakh, 35. 17 Co pus insc ip ionum A menica um. Libe V, A sakh, 201–202. Fig. 2: Dad Monas e y. Pho o by Tig an Apikyan (2020). All igh s ese ed. 148 | Das kul u elle E be on A zach | Արցախի մշակութային ժառանգությունը elics o Apos le Dad. These wo ks a e p esen ed in he book o a chi ec Sam el Ay azyan called The Res o a ion o he Monas e y o Dad (1997 o 2011).18 Acco ding o Ay azyan, he building called Dad’s chu ch was buil in he 13 h cen u y on he basis o an ancien building and i did no se e as a chu ch.19 The exca a ions on July 1-6, 2007, sugges ha he monumen was e ec ed in he mid o he 13 h cen u y be o e Dad’s chu ch was buil . Du ing he exca a ions a omb was ound on he eas side o he monumen (a chaeologis H. Pe osyan). The s udy showed ha i was done a e he cons uc ion o he Dad’s chu ch, in he second hal o he 13 h cen u y, which had no connec ion wi h S . Dad.20 Du ing he same cons uc ion wo ks, in 2007, ano he omb was ound nea he monu- men , pieces o a wooden chai we e exca a ed, and human bones we e ound inside he omb. In 2008, he exca a ions con inued inside he building o Dad’s chu ch, and human bones, an onyx head o a scep e , and he emaining pieces o a wooden chai wi h o na- men s we e emo ed om his omb. The pe son he e was ob iously a p ominen chu ch igu e. As a esul o he labo a o y examina ion, he ime was cla i ied: AD 1260 +/- 55 yea s. I was assumed ha i could be he emains o A anas abbo o he Dad Monas e y (1261–1291). A he same ime, he e was an assump ion ha he bu ial was done ea lie han Dad’s chu ch and he s uc u e p eceding i we e buil .21 Du ing he exca a ions o Dad’s chu ch wo ombs we e disco e ed, bu hey da e back o la e cen u ies. A he same ime, we do no deny he his o ical igu e o Apos le Dad and he adi ion ha he Dad Monas e y was ounded on his elics. 3. Apos le Yeghisha (o Elisha)22 The his o ians Mo ses Kaghanka a si, Ki akos Gandzake si, Bishop Ukh anes w o e abou S . Yeghisha in hei his o y books, he g ea a chimand i es Mkhi a Gosh and Vanakan Va dape also e e ed o him in hei w i ings. The li e and ma y dom o S . Yeghisha is connec ed wi h he A menian p o inces o A - sakh and U ik. Acco ding o he A menian his o ians Mo ses Kaghanka a si (7 h cen u y),23 18 Ay azyan S., The Res o a ion o he Monas e y o Dad (1997 o 2011). 19 Ay azyan S., The Res o a ion, 52–56. 20 Ay azyan S., The Res o a ion, 63–64. 21 Ay azyan S., The Res o a ion, 68–72. 22 The name o he apos le is ound in he ollowing e sions in a ious publica ions and s udies: Elisha, Eghisha, Eliseus, Yelisha. 23 Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 7–8. Mo ses Daskhu an si, His o y o he Aghuans. Book one, Cap e 6. Tumanyan: E angeliza ion o he Apos les Yegisha and Dad | 149 Bishop Ukh anes (10 h cen u y)24 and Ki akos Gandzake si (13 h cen u y),25 S . Yeghisha was a Disciple o S . Thaddeus and was in A menia wi h him. In addi ion o his in o ma- ion, Vanakan Va dape clea ly s a ed in his w i ing ha Apos le Thaddeus was one o he 12 Apos les o Ch is , and ha Yeghis ha was one o he 72 Disciples o Ch is , and ha Khad, ano he Disciple o he 72, came wi h Yeghisha: »Yeghisha and Khad we e wo ou o se en- y- wo and wen o Aghuank26 by he o de o Thaddeus and we e ma y ed he e« .27 Mo ses Kaganka a si, as well as Bishop Ukh anes, old abou he ma y dom o S . Yeghisha as ollows: S . Apos le Thaddeus came o A menia o e angelize, and in he dis ic o A az he was ma y ed by Sana uk, he king o he A menians. S . Yeghisha e u ned o Je usalem and old abou he ma y dom o Thaddeus. In Je usalem, Yeghisha was o daine d by he hands o S . James, he Lo d’s b o he .28 Mo ses Kaganka a si w o e: 24 Bishop Ukh anes, His o y o A menia, 2006, 197–199. Bishop Ukh anes o Sebas ia, His o y, 1985, 123–124. 25 Ki akos Gandzake si, His o y o A menia, 1982, 141–142. Ki akos Ganjake si, His o y o he A menians, ans. by R. Bed- osian. Cap e 10. 26 The name o he coun y is ound in he ollowing e sions in a ious publica ions and s udies: Aluank, Aghuank, Caucasian Albania. 27 Book o Le e s, 536. 28 Mo ses Daskhu an si, His o y o he Aghuans. Book one, Cap e 6. Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 6–7. Bishop Ukh anes, His o y o A menia, 197–199. Bishop Ukh anes o Sebas ia, His o y, 123–124. Fig. 3: Yeghisha Monas e y. Pho o by A e ik Tsa yan (2020). All igh s ese ed. 150 | Das kul u elle E be on A zach | Արցախի մշակութային ժառանգությունը »The holy apos le Thaddaeus was gi en o us Eas e ne s. [Thaddaeus] came o he A menians, o he dis ic o A az, whe e he died a ma y ’s dea h a he hands o Sana- uk, he king o he A menians. His s uden , he blessed Elisha (Eghisha), e u ned o Je- usalem and ela ed he en iable ma y dom o his ellow apos le. Th ough he in luence o he Holy Spi i , Elisha was o dained a he hands o he blessed James, he Lo d‘s b o he , who was he i s pa ia ch o Je usalem. He ook he eas [e n egions] as his diocese«.29 Mo ses Kaganka a si did no men ion o wha he was o dained, bu in he his o y book o Ki akos Gandzake si and in Haysma u k (Synaxa ium) we ead: »Bishop«. 30 Acco ding o he abo e-men ioned his o ical books, S . Yeghisha a eled om Je usalem o Masku (Massage ae) ia Pe sia. He began his p eaching in Cho (Caspian Ga es, A me- nians say Aghuan’s Ga es, Hun’s Ga es, now: De ben ) and he in oduced Ch is iani y in a ious places and o many people. Then, he, alongside wi h his h ee ollowe s, came o he ci y o Saha in U ik p o ince. Ne e heless, he unbelie e s pu sued hem, and one o his ollowe s was ma y ed. The o he wo le S . Yeghisha and ollowed he unbelie e s. Then, S . Yeghisha came o Gis (U ik),31 es ablished a chu ch (Ch is ian communi y) he e and o e ed a bloodless sac i ice (celeb a e a Li u gy). As Kaghanka a si w o e: »This place was he i s o he eas e n chu ches and capi als, and he [ini ial] place o enligh enmen «.32 Thence S . Yeghisha wen o he plain o Ze guni, whe e he pagans had hei place o sac i- ice, and was ma y ed he e. I is unknown by whom Yeghisha was ma y ed, bu his body was placed in a pi in a place called Homenk33 and was le he e o a long ime.34 The e has been a deba e abou he loca ion o he ield called Ze guni. E. Kozubsky lo- ca ed Ze guni in Nukha p o ince in his o ical Aghuank.35 Indeed, Udian illages Nizh and Va dashen in he Gabala egion o Nukha p o ince ha e a amous sanc ua y chu ch called Nizh’s S . Yeghisha A menian chu ch, buil a he si e o he Apos le’s ma y dom. The p es- en -day chu ch was buil on he basis o an ancien chu ch in 1823, he la e was des oyed in he 18 h cen u y. The ou A menian epig aphs o he chu ch we e decoded and published by Sam el Ka ape yan. Two o hem a e abou he cons uc ion, whe e in pa icula i is said ha S . Yeghisha Chu ch was buil by he As a sa u p ies Yengiba yan and his b o he 29 Mo ses Daskhu an si, His o y o he Aghuans. Book one, Chap e 6. 30 Haysma u k, 82 (a m.). Ki akos Ganjake si, His o y o he A menians. Chap e 10. 31 Gis is loca ed in U ik p o ince o G ea e A menia, be ween he Ku a and Ta a i e s. See Dic iona y o Toponyms o A menia and Adjacen Regions, Vol. I, 899. Acco ding o Bishop Ukh anes Gis loca ed nea Ama as (in A sakh) and Pa a (in U ik): »Gis, loca ed on he ski s o Ama as, in he dis ic called Go ozu, nea he plain o he ci y o Pa aw, called Pay aka an«, Bishop Ukh anes o Sebas ia, His o y, 124. 32 Mo ses Daskhu an si, His o y, Book one, Cap e 6. Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 7. 33 Homenk in A sakh p o ince o G ea e A menia. Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 278, oo no e 72, by V. A akelyan. 34 Mo ses Daskhu an si, His o y, Book one, Cap e 6. Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 7. 35 Kozubsky E., His o y o De ben ci y, 34–35. Tumanyan: E angeliza ion o he Apos les Yegisha and Dad | 151 Ho han in 1823.36 The e a e also o he e sions. V. A akelyan hough , i is in he eas e n pa o Ma uni egion o A sakh.37 We ag ee wi h A akelyan’s assump ion, because Saha , Gis, which S . Yeghisha isi ed, as well as U ekan, whe e his elics we e mo ed, a e loca ed on he igh bank o he Ku a, in A sakh and U ik p o inces. Acco ding o Mo ses Kaghanka a si, la e he place o S . Yeghisha’s elics appea ed o he belie e s in a ision: »T u h should no be concealed, no should he ligh be co e ed up«. A e a long pe iod o ime, ce ain pious men had a ision and came oge he in Homenk. They p ayed all nigh long and ound he elics o S . Yeghisha. P ies S epanos om he illage o U ekan ook he Apos le’s skull om he bones and ca ied i o he illage o U ekan (o Ho ek, nea Talish). The o he elics o S . Yeghisha we e bu ied he e, oo. Then, elics we e ans e ed om U ekan o »holy Monas e y a Ne smih , which is oday called J sh ik«.38 Ki akos Gandzake si linked he disco e y o S . Yeghisha’s elics wi h he name o king Vachagan: »They say ha he ini ial cause o he illumina ion o he eas e n a eas was he blessed Eghishe (pupil o he g ea Thaddeus he Apos le) who, a e he dea h o he holy Apos le wen o Je usalem o James, he b o he o he Lo d, ecei ed o dina ion as bishop om him, and hen wen o he land o I an e en ually eaching he land o he Aghbanians/ Aghuans. He came o a place called Gis and buil a chu ch he e, and he himsel was ma y ed he e, al hough i is no known by whom. His body was h own in o a well wi h o he co pses and i emained he e un il he ime o pious King Vach’agan he las «. 39 Thus, he elics o S . Yeghisha we e bu ied in a place called J sh ik a e he name o he wa e all lowing he e, and whe e he e was a Monas e y known as Ne smih o Mih ne - seh. 40 The his o ian S epanos O belyan (14 h cen u y) also called his Monas e y J sh ik o Mih ne seh Monas e y ( he same name Ne smih ). 41 In he 5 h cen u y, he pious A menian Vachagan buil a monumen on he place o Yeghisha’s ma y dom and also buil a chapel on he elics. 42 The king himsel was bu ied nea he chapel. La e , g adually he monas e y was o med he e. The ea ly medie al s uc u es o he monas e y we e no p ese ed; oday only he main chu ch and se en chapels buil in he 12-13 h cen u ies a e s anding he e. 36 Ka ape ian S., A menian Lapida y Insc ip ions o Boon-Agh ank, 41–42. 37 Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 277, oo no e 71, by V. A akelyan. 38 Mo ses Daskhu an si, His o y, Book one, Cap e 7. Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 7–8. 39 Ki akos Ganjake si, His o y o he A menians. Cap e 10. Ki akos Gandzake si, His o y o A menia, 1982, 141–142. 40 Voskean H., The Monas e ies o A sakh, 119–120. 41 O belyan S epanos, His o y o Syunik, 166. 42 Mo ses Kaganka a si, His o y o he Coun y o Aghuank, 1969, 8. Has a yan M., A sakh School o A menian A chi- ec u e, 78–80.