Search for charged Higgs bosons in the H ± → tb decay channel in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

JHEP03(2016)127 Published for SISSA by Springer Received:December 14, 2015 Revised:February 1, 2016 Accepted:February 2, 2016 Published:March 17, 2016 Search for charged Higgs bosons in the H±→tb decay channel in pp collisions at √s= 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector The ATLAS collaboration E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Charged Higgs bosons heavier than the top quark and decaying via H±→ tb are searched for in proton-proton collisions measured with the ATLAS experiment at √s= 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. The production of a charged Higgs boson in association with a top quark, gb →tH±, is explored in the mass range 200 to 600 GeV using multi-jet final states with one electron or muon. In order to separate the signal from the Standard Model background, analysis techniques combining several kinematic variables are employed. An excess of events above the backgroundonly hypothesis is observed across a wide mass range, amounting to up to 2.4 standard deviations. Upper limits are set on the gb →tH±production cross section times the branching fraction BR(H±→tb). Additionally, the complementary s-channel production, qq0→H±, is investigated through a reinterpretation of W0→tb searches in ATLAS. Final states with one electron or muon are relevant for H±masses from 0.4 to 2.0 TeV, whereas the all-hadronic final state covers the range 1.5 to 3.0 TeV. In these search channels, no significant excesses from the predictions of the Standard Model are observed, and upper limits are placed on the qq0→H±production cross section times the branching fraction BR(H±→tb). Keywords: Hadron-Hadron scattering, Higgs physics ArXiv ePrint: 1512.03704 Open Access, Copyright CERN, for the benefit of the ATLAS Collaboration. Article funded by SCOAP3. doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2016)127 JHEP03(2016)127 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Data and simulated events 3 2.1 ATLAS detector and data sample 3 2.2 Background and signal modelling 3 3 Object reconstruction and identification 6 4 Search for a charged Higgs boson in association with a top quark 8 4.1 Event selection and categorisation 8 4.2 Analysis strategy 8 4.3 Systematic uncertainties 10 4.4 Results 13 5 Search for a charged Higgs boson produced in the s-channel 18 5.1 Lepton+jets final state 18 5.2 All-hadronic final state 19 5.3 Results and interpretations 21 6 Conclusions 22 The ATLAS collaboration 31 1 Introduction The discovery of a neutral scalar particle Hat the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012 [1,2], with a measured mass of 125.09 ±0.21(stat.) ±0.11(syst.) GeV [3], raises the question of whether this new particle is the Higgs boson of the Standard Model (SM) or one physical state of an extended Higgs sector. The observation of a heavy charged scalar particle would clearly indicate physics beyond the SM. Charged Higgs bosons1are predicted by several non-minimal Higgs scenarios, such as two-Higgs-doublet Models (2HDM) [4] and models containing Higgs triplets [5–9]. The production mechanisms and decay modes of a charged Higgs boson depend on its mass, mH+. For light charged Higgs bosons (mH+.mtop, where mtop is the topquark mass), the primary production mechanism is through the decay of a top quark, t→bH+. For mH+> mtop, the dominant H+production mode at the LHC is expected to be in association with a top quark, as illustrated by the left-hand and central plots 1In the following, charged Higgs bosons are denoted H+, with the charge-conjugate H−always implied. Similarly, generic quark symbols are used for qand ¯q. – 1 – JHEP03(2016)127 H+ g ¯ b ¯ t g g b H+ ¯ t ¯s c H+ Figure 1. Leading-order Feynman diagrams for the production of a charged Higgs boson with a mass mH+> mtop, in association with a top quark (left in the 5FS, and centre in the 4FS) and in the s-channel (right). of figure 1. When calculating the corresponding cross section in a four-flavour scheme (4FS), b-quarks are dynamically produced, whereas in a five-flavour scheme (5FS), the bquark is also considered as an active flavour inside the proton. The 4FS and 5FS cross sections are averaged according to ref. [10]. In the 2HDM, the production and decay of the charged Higgs boson also depend on the parameter tan β, defined as the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs doublets, and the mixing angle αbetween the CP-even Higgs bosons. For mH+> mtop and in the case of cos(β−α)≈0, the dominant decay is H+→tb, with a substantial contribution from H+→τν for large values of tan β[11]. A complementary H+production mode, shown in the right-hand plot of figure 1, is the s-channel process, qq0→H+. The LEP experiments placed upper limits on the production of H+in the mass range of 40–100 GeV [12], and the Tevatron experiments set upper limits on BR(t→bH+) for mH+in the range 80–150 GeV [13,14]. The D0 experiment also searched for a charged Higgs boson with a mass in the range 180–300 GeV using the H+→tb decay channel [15]. Light charged Higgs bosons have been searched for in the τν decay mode at the LHC by CMS (2 fb−1,√s= 7 TeV [16]) and ATLAS (4.7 fb−1,√s= 7 TeV [17,18]). Searches for charged Higgs bosons were also performed in proton-proton (pp) collisions at √s= 8 TeV, by ATLAS using the τν decay mode [19] and by CMS using final states originating from both the τν and tb decay modes [20]. CMS set an upper limit of 2.0–0.13 pb on the production cross section times branching fraction for H+→tb in the mass range 180– 600 GeV. Vector-boson-fusion H+production was also searched for by ATLAS using the WZ final state [21]. No evidence for a charged Higgs boson was found in any of these searches. This paper describes searches for charged Higgs bosons decaying into tb. In the H+ mass range of 200–600 GeV, the production mode in association with a top quark is studied. The 5FS process is generated. Cross sections averaging 4FS and 5FS are used for model-dependent predictions. The search is based on selecting two top quarks, with their decays producing one charged lepton (electron or muon), and at least one additional jet containing a b-flavoured hadron. In the complementary s-channel production mode, H+ masses between 0.4 and 2.0 TeV are explored in a final state containing one charged lepton and jets (referred to as lepton+jets in the following), while the all-hadronic final state is – 2 – JHEP03(2016)127 used for very high H+masses, 1.5 to 3.0 TeV, with a jet substructure technique to reconstruct the top-quark decay products in one single large-radius jet. The two s-channel analyses are reinterpretations of recent searches for W0→tb in ATLAS [22,23]. Based on dedicated simulations of the H+→tb signal and a reinterpretation of the data, upper limits are derived for the s-channel production of a charged scalar particle decaying to tb. The paper is organised as follows. Section 2describes briefly the ATLAS detector, then summarises the data and the samples of simulated events used for the analyses. Section 3describes the reconstruction of objects in ATLAS. Section 4presents the event selection and analysis strategy of the search for H+→tb produced in association with a top quark. Systematic uncertainties are also discussed, before exclusion limits in terms of cross section times branching fraction are presented, together with their interpretation in benchmark scenarios of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) [24–28]. The reinterpretations of W0→tb analyses as searches for the production of H+→tb in the s-channel, including a discussion of the H+signal shapes and uncertainties, are presented in section 5. Finally, a summary is given in section 6. 2 Data and simulated events 2.1 ATLAS detector and data sample The ATLAS detector [29] consists of an inner tracking system with coverage in pseudorapidity2up to |η|= 2.5, surrounded by a thin 2 T superconducting solenoid, a calorimeter system extending up to |η|= 4.9 and a muon spectrometer extending up to |η|= 2.7 that measures the deflection of muon tracks in the field of three superconducting toroid magnets. A three-level trigger system is used to select events of interest. The first-level trigger (L1) is implemented in hardware, using a subset of detector information to reduce the event rate to no more than 75 kHz. This is followed by two software-based trigger levels (L2 and EF), which together further reduce the event rate to less than 400 Hz. Stringent data-quality requirements are applied, resulting in an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1for the 2012 data-taking period. The integrated luminosity has an uncertainty of 2.8%, measured following the methodology described in ref. [30]. Events are required to have a primary vertex with at least five associated tracks, each with a transverse momentum pTgreater than 400 MeV. If an event has more than one reconstructed vertex satisfying these criteria, the primary vertex is defined as the reconstructed vertex with the largest sum of squared track transverse momenta. 2.2 Background and signal modelling The background processes for the searches in this paper include SM pair production of top quarks (with additional jets, or in association with a vector boson V=W, Z or the SM 2ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin at the nominal interaction point (IP) in the centre of the detector and the z-axis along the beam pipe. The x-axis points from the IP to the centre of the LHC ring, and the y-axis points upwards. Cylindrical coordinates (r, φ) are used in the transverse plane, φbeing the azimuthal angle around the z-axis. The pseudorapidity is defined in terms of the polar angle θas η=−ln tan(θ/2). – 3 – JHEP03(2016)127 Higgs boson), as well as the production of single-top-quark, W+jets, Z/γ∗+jets, diboson (WW/WZ/ZZ) and multi-jet events. The dominant background is the production of t¯ t pairs with additional jets in the final state. In the analyses with an electron or a muon in the final state, all backgrounds are taken from simulation, except for the multi-jet events. These mostly contribute via the presence of a non-prompt electron or muon, e.g. from a semileptonic bor c-flavoured hadron decay, or through the misidentification of a jet. The normalisation of the multi-jet events and the shape of the relevant distributions are determined with a data-driven technique known as the matrix method [31]. In the search for H+→tb in the s-channel production mode with an all-hadronic final state, all backgrounds are estimated using a data-driven method based on a combined fit to the data under the SM background plus H+signal hypothesis. The modelling of t¯ tevents is performed with Powheg-Box v2.0 [32,33], using the CT10 [34,35] parton distribution function (PDF) set. It is interfaced to Pythia v6.425 [36], with the Perugia P2011C [37] set of tuned parameters (tune) for the underlying event. The t¯ tcross section at 8 TeV is σt¯ t= 253+13 −15 pb for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV. It is calculated at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD including resummation of next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) soft gluon terms with Top++ v2.0 [38–44]. In the search for H+production in association with a top quark, simulated t¯ tevents are classified according to their flavour content at parton level, using the same methodology as in ref. [45]. Events are labelled as t¯ t+b¯ bif they contain at least one particle jet that is matched to a b-flavoured hadron not originating from the decay of the t¯ tsystem. Events where at least one particle jet is matched to a c-flavoured hadron, and not already labelled as t¯ t+b¯ b, are labelled as t¯ t+c¯c. Events labelled as either t¯ t+b¯ bor t¯ t+c¯care generically referred to as t¯ t+heavy-flavour (HF) events. The remaining events, including those with no additional jets, are labelled as t¯ t+light-flavour (LF). In the following, a sequential reweighting is applied at the generator level for all t¯ t+LF and t¯ t+c¯cevents produced with Powheg+Pythia. Two correction factors are used, based on the values of the transverse momenta of the top quark and the t¯ tsystem, taking the correlation between these two parameters into account. This reweighting procedure was originally implemented in order to match simulation to data in the measurement of top-quark-pair differential cross sections at √s= 7 TeV [46]. It was verified that this procedure is also reasonable at √s= 8 TeV. The t¯ t+b¯ bcomponent is reweighted to match the NLO theory calculation provided within Sherpa with the OpenLoops framework [47,48]. For this reweighting, the same settings as in ref. [45] are used in this paper. The reweighting is performed at the generator level using several kinematic variables such as the transverse momenta of the top quark, the t¯ t system and the dijet system not coming from the top-quark decay, as well as the distance3 ∆Rjj between these two jets. For systematic studies, an alternative t¯ t+jets sample is generated with the Madgraph5 v1.5.11 LO generator [49], using the CT10 PDF set and interfaced to Pythia v6.425 for parton shower and fragmentation. Samples of t¯ tV events are generated using Madgraph5 v1.3.33, with the CTEQ6L1 [50] PDF, interfaced to Pythia v6.425 for the showering and hadronisation, with the AUET2B 3∆R=p(∆η)2+ (∆φ)2, where ∆ηis the difference in pseudorapidity of the two objects in question, and ∆φis the difference between their azimuthal angles. – 4 – JHEP03(2016)127 underlying-event tune [51]. They are normalised to the next-to-leading-order (NLO) cross section [52,53]. Single-top-quark production in the sand Wt-channels are simulated with PowhegBox v2.0, using the CT10 PDF, interfaced to Pythia v6.425 with the underlying-event tune P2011C. The same procedure is used for the single-top-quark production in the tchannel, except in the search for qq0→H+→tb in the lepton+jets final state, where the leading-order (LO) generator AcerMC v3.8 [54] with the CTEQ6L1 PDF, interfaced to Pythia v6.425 with the underlying-event tune P2011C, is used instead. Overlaps between the t¯ tand Wt final states are handled using inclusive diagram removal [55]. The single-topquark samples are normalised to the approximate NNLO theoretical cross sections [56–58] using the MSTW2008 NNLO [59–61] PDF. Samples of W/Z+jets events are generated using the Alpgen v2.14 [62] generator, with the CTEQ6L1 PDF, interfaced to Pythia v6.425 with the underlying-event tune P2011C. The W+jets events are generated with up to five additional partons, separately for the W+LF, Wb¯ b+jets, Wc¯c+jets and Wc+jets processes. Similarly, the Z+jets background is generated with up to five additional partons separated in different flavours. The samples of W/Z+jets events are normalised to the inclusive NNLO theoretical cross sections [63]. Finally, the W/Z+jets events are reweighted to account for differences in the W/Z pT spectrum between data and simulation [64]. In the searches for H+→tb with a lepton+jets final state, diboson events are generated with the requirement of having at least one boson decaying leptonically. Alpgen v2.14 is used, with the CTEQ6L1 PDF, and it is interfaced to Herwig v6.520 [65] for showering and hadronisation, together with Jimmy v4.31 [66] for the underlying event, using the AUET2 tune [67]. The diboson backgrounds are normalised to the production cross sections calculated at NLO [68]. The production of the SM Higgs boson in association with a top-quark pair (t¯ tH) is modelled using NLO matrix elements obtained from the HELAC-Oneloop package [69]. Powheg-Box is used as an interface to shower simulation programs. The samples created using this approach are referred to as PowHel samples [70]. They are inclusive in Higgs boson decays and are produced for a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, using the CT10 PDF, and interfaced to Pythia v8.1 [71] with the AU2 underlying-event tune [72]. As in the generation of t¯ tbackground events, the top-quark mass is set to 172.5 GeV. The t¯ tH cross section and the decay branching fractions of the Higgs boson are taken from the (N)NLO theoretical calculations collected in ref. [73]. In the search for H+produced in association with a top quark, signal samples are generated with Powheg-Box, using the CT10 PDF, interfaced to Pythia v8.1 with the AU2 underlying-event tune. For the mH+range of 200–300 GeV, the samples are produced in steps of 25 GeV, then in intervals of 50 GeV up to 600 GeV. The samples are generated at NLO using the 5FS and with a zero width for H+. In the search for H+in the s-channel, signal events are generated using Madgraph5 v1.5.12, with the CTEQ6L1 PDF, interfaced to Pythia v8.1 with the AU2 underlyingevent tune, for both the lepton+jets and all-hadronic final states. In the former (latter) case, samples are produced in mH+steps of 200 (250) GeV, between 0.4 and 2.0 TeV (1.5 – 5 – JHEP03(2016)127 and 3.0 TeV). A narrow-width approximation is used for both final states. This is justified as the experimental resolution is much larger than the H+natural width. In all background simulations, Tauola v1.20 [74] is used for the τdecays and Photos v2.15 [75] is employed for photon radiation from charged leptons. For the signal simulations, Photos++ v3.51 [76] is used. All signal and background events are overlaid with additional minimum-bias events generated using Pythia v8.1 with the MSTW2008 LO PDF and the AUET2 underlying-event tune, in order to simulate the effect of multiple pp collisions per bunch crossing (pile-up). Finally, all background samples and all-hadronic signal samples are processed through a simulation [77] of the detector geometry and response using Geant4 [78]. The signal samples with leptons in the final state are passed through a fast simulation of the calorimeter response [79]. All samples from simulation are processed through the same reconstruction software as the data. 3 Object reconstruction and identification The main objects used for the searches reported in this paper are electrons, muons, jets (possibly identified as originating from b-quarks), and missing transverse momentum. A brief summary of the main reconstruction and identification criteria used for each of these objects is given below. Electron candidates [80] are reconstructed from energy deposits (clusters) in the electromagnetic calorimeter which are associated with a reconstructed track in the inner detector system. Their transverse energy, ET=Eclus/cosh(ηtrack), is computed using the electromagnetic cluster energy Eclus and the direction of the electron track ηtrack, and is required to exceed 25 GeV. The pseudorapidity range for the electromagnetic cluster covers the fiducial volume of the detector, |η|<2.47 (the transition region between the barrel and end-cap calorimeters, 1.37 <|η|<1.52, is excluded). The longitudinal impact parameter |z0|of the electron track relative to the primary vertex must be smaller than 2 mm. In order to reduce the contamination from misidentified hadrons, electrons from heavy-flavour decays and photon conversions, the electron candidates are also required to satisfy ETand η-dependent calorimeter (and tracker) isolation requirements imposed in a cone with a fixed size ∆R= 0.2 (0.3) around the electron position. Muon candidates are reconstructed from track segments in the muon spectrometer, and matched with tracks found in the inner detector system [81]. The final muon candidates are refitted using the complete track information from both detector systems, and they are required to satisfy pT>25 GeV, |η|<2.5 and |z0|<2 mm. Furthermore, muons must fulfil a pT-dependent track-based isolation requirement that has good performance under high pile-up conditions and/or when the muon is close to a jet. For that purpose, the scalar sum of the track pTin a cone of a variable size, defined by ∆R= 10 GeV/pT, around the muon position (while excluding the muon track itself) must be less than 5% of the muon transverse momentum. Jets are reconstructed from topological energy clusters [82] in the calorimeters, using the anti-ktalgorithm [83,84]. Two radius parameters are used, R= 0.4 (’small-radius jets’) or R= 1.0 (’large-radius jets’). The large-radius jets are only used when recon- – 6 – JHEP03(2016)127 structing high-pTtop quarks as single objects in the search for H+→tb produced in the s-channel and decaying into an all-hadronic final state, as described below. When no jet type is specified, small-radius jets are implied. Smalland large-radius jets are calibrated using energyand η-dependent correction factors derived from simulation and with residual corrections from in situ measurements [85]. Only small-radius jets that have pT>25 GeV and |η|<2.5 are considered in this paper. Jets originating from pile-up interactions are suppressed by requiring that at least 50% of the scalar sum of the pTof the associated tracks is due to tracks originating from the primary vertex [86]. This is referred to as the jet vertex fraction (JVF) and is only applied to jets with pT<50 GeV and |η|<2.4. Jets are identified as originating from the hadronisation of a b-quark (b-tagged) via an algorithm that uses multivariate techniques to combine information from the impact parameters of displaced tracks with topological properties of secondary and tertiary decay vertices reconstructed within the jet [87]. The nominal working point used here is chosen to correspond to a 70% efficiency to tag a b-quark jet, with a light-jet mistag rate of 1% and a c-jet mistag rate of 20%, as determined with b-tagged jets with pT>20 GeV and |η|<2.5 in simulated t¯ tevents. The tagging efficiencies from simulation are corrected based on the results of flavour-tagging calibrations performed with the data [88]. In the search for H+→tb produced in the s-channel and decaying into an all-hadronic final state (section 5.2), hadronically decaying high-pTtop quarks are reconstructed as single objects through ’top-tagging’. Large-radius jets are used as input to the top-tagger. In order to minimise the effects of pile-up [89], the large-radius jets are trimmed [90]. The trimming is performed by reclustering the large-radius jet using the inclusive ktalgorithm [91] with a jet radius parameter R= 0.3, and by removing soft subjets with a pTsmaller than 5% of the original jet pT. Trimmed large-radius jets are required to have pT>350 GeV and |η|<2.0. Large-radius jets are top-tagged if they have a substructure compatible with a three-prong decay. The top-tagger used in the search of section 5.2 was developed for the search for W0→tb in ATLAS [23]. It uses the ktsplitting scale [91] √d12 and the N-subjettiness [92,93] variables τ21 and τ32. The ktalgorithm clusters the hardest objects last, which means that a two-body decay (such as t→bW) typically gets a larger value of √d12 than light jets. The τij distribution peaks closer to 0 for i-subjet-like jets and closer to 1 for j-subjet-like jets. The top-tagged jet is required to pass the cuts √d12 >40 GeV, τ32 <0.65, and 0.4< τ21 <0.9, as in the search for W0→tb [23]. When several selected objects overlap geometrically, the following procedures are applied. In the searches with a lepton+jets final state, muons are rejected if found to be ∆R < 0.4 from any jet with nominal pT,ηand JVF selections. In order to avoid doublecounting of electrons as jets, the closest jet to an electron is then removed if lying ∆R < 0.2 from an electron. Finally, electrons are rejected if found to be ∆R < 0.4 from any remaining jet with nominal pT,ηand JVF selections. In the search for s-channel production of H+→tb in the all-hadronic final state, large-radius jets are required to be separated by ∆R > 2.0 from the small-radius b-tagged jets used to reconstruct the invariant mass of H+candidates. Events with electrons (muons) fulfilling ET>30 GeV (pT>30 GeV) are vetoed in this particular search channel. The magnitude Emiss Tof the missing transverse momentum is reconstructed from the negative vector sum of transverse momenta of reconstructed objects, as well as from un- – 7 – JHEP03(2016)127 matched topological clusters and tracks (collected in a so-called soft term). The Emiss Tis further refined by using object-level corrections for the identified electrons, muons and jets, and the effects of pile-up in the soft term are mitigated [94]. 4 Search for a charged Higgs boson in association with a top quark 4.1 Event selection and categorisation In this section, the search for a charged Higgs boson produced in association with a top quark, gb →tH+with H+→tb, is described. In the events selected for this analysis, the top quarks both decay via t→Wb, where one Wboson decays hadronically and the other decays into an electron or a muon, either directly or through a τ-lepton decay, and the corresponding neutrino(s). The signal event signature is therefore characterised by the presence of exactly one high-pTcharged lepton (electron or muon) and five or more jets, at least three of them being b-tagged. Events collected using either an isolated or non-isolated single-lepton trigger are considered. Isolated triggers have a threshold of 24 GeV on pTfor muons and on ETfor electrons, while non-isolated triggers have higher thresholds at 36 GeV (muons) and 60 GeV (electrons). The isolated triggers have a loss of efficiency at high pTor ET, which is recovered by the triggers with higher thresholds. Events accepted by the trigger are then required to have exactly one identified electron or muon, and at least four jets, of which at least two must be identified as b-tagged jets. The selected lepton is required to match, with ∆R < 0.15, a lepton reconstructed by the trigger. At this stage, the samples contain mostly t¯ tevents. The selected events are further categorised into different regions, depending on the number of jets and b-tagged jets. The categories are inclusive in the lepton flavour. In the following, a given category with mjets, of which nare b-tagged, is referred to as mj(nb). A total of five independent categories are considered: four control regions (CR) with little sensitivity to signal, 4j(2b), 5j(2b), ≥6j(2b), 4j(≥3b), and one signal-rich region (SR), ≥5j(≥3b). The CR are used to control the backgrounds and to constrain systematic uncertainties (section 4.3). For each category, the expected event yields of all processes and the number of events observed in the data are given in table 1. The dominant background process in every category is t¯ t+LF. In the signal-rich region, contributions from t¯ t+HF are also sizeable. In all categories except ≥6j(2b), the data exceed the SM prediction, but they are consistent within the large uncertainties on the background. In table 2, the expected amount of signal is listed for a few points of the mmod− hbenchmark scenario of the MSSM [95]. The theoretical predictions are taken from refs. [11,96–98]. 4.2 Analysis strategy In order to separate the H+signal from the SM background, and to constrain the large uncertainties on the background, different discriminants are used depending on the event category, and are then combined in a binned maximum-likelihood fit. In the four CR, the discriminating variable is the scalar sum of the pTof the selected jets (Hhad T) and – 8 – JHEP03(2016)127 Process 4j(2b) 5j(2b) ≥6j(2b) 4j(≥3b) ≥5j(≥3b) t¯ t+LF 83 600 ±1900 41 800 ±1400 21 000 ±1000 6750 ±270 6650 ±390 t¯ t+c¯c3200 ±1700 2600 ±1400 2100 ±1200 490 ±230 1260 ±570 t¯ t+b¯ b1500 ±530 1300 ±440 1050 ±450 600 ±210 2040 ±550 t¯ tH 34.6±3.8 44.6±4.9 66.7±7.8 16.2±1.9 87 ±10 t¯ tV 132 ±39 153 ±46 186 ±57 18.5±5.4 87 ±26 Single-top 5030 ±530 1970 ±270 860 ±170 386 ±55 342 ±70 W+jets 4500 ±1100 1660 ±470 750 ±270 250 ±62 220 ±69 Z+jets 1330 ±560 370 ±190 137 ±80 56 ±23 36 ±27 V V 223 ±63 103 ±39 47 ±23 10.4±3.1 15.0±5.3 Multi-jets 2230 ±590 690 ±180 330 ±100 160 ±46 208 ±88 Total bkg 101 800 ±2200 50 700 ±1600 26 600 ±1100 8730 ±330 10 950 ±490 H+700 ±310 600 ±260 430 ±190 370 ±160 990 ±440 Data 102 462 51 421 26 948 9102 11 945 Table 4. Event yields of SM backgrounds, signal and data in all categories, after the fit to the data under the background-plus-signal hypothesis with a signal mass of 300 GeV. The last column shows the event yields in the SR. The uncertainties take into account correlations and constraints of the nuisance parameters. between 200 and 300 GeV, and in 50 GeV steps up to 600 GeV. At 250 GeV, the local p0value for the observation to be in agreement with the background-only hypothesis reaches its smallest value of 0.9% (corresponding to 2.4 standard deviations). At mH+values of 300 and 450 GeV, the excess of the data with respect to the background-only hypothesis corresponds to 2.3 standard deviations. For comparison, the expected upper limit is computed with a signal injected at mH+= 300 GeV, with a production cross section times branching fraction of 1.65 pb, corresponding to the best-fit value of the signal strength at this mass point. This results in an excess that is more localised at the injected mass value, i.e. extends less to lower and higher masses than the trend seen in the observed upper limit, as shown in figure 6. The H+signal is generated with a zero width. The experimental mass resolution ranges from approximately 30 GeV (for mH+= 200 GeV) up to 100 GeV (for mH+= 600 GeV) and is 50 GeV for the mass hypothesis of 300 GeV. A systematic background mismodelling is considerably more likely to give rise to the observed excess than a hypothesised signal at a specific mass. The cross sections of the t¯ t+HF backgrounds and the shape of the t¯ t+b¯ bcomponent have large uncertainties which are correlated with the signal normalisation. Together with the pre-fit excess of data compared to the SM prediction (table 1), this can result in a post-fit excess over a wide H+mass range. The fits were repeated using two alternative, less sensitive, discriminants in the SR: (a) a BDT trained against the sum of all backgrounds or (b) the variable Hhad T. Similar excesses were observed with these two alternative methods. The tested mass points are correlated with each other, since no mass-dependent event selections are applied in the analysis and the dataset is the same regardless of the hypothesised H+mass. – 15 – JHEP03(2016)127 Events / 50 GeV 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 Data +LFtt c+ctt b+btt Other bkg Total unc. -1 =8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb) + tH→gb 4j(2b) ATLAS Post bkg-only fit in sig+bkg fit Total bkg shape 300 GeV + H [GeV] had T H 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Data/Bkg 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 Events / 50 GeV 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Data +LFtt c+ctt b+btt Other bkg Total unc. -1 =8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb) + tH→gb 5j(2b) ATLAS Post bkg-only fit in sig+bkg fit Total bkg shape 300 GeV + H [GeV] had T H 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Data/Bkg 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 (a) (b) Events / 50 GeV 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Data +LFtt c+ctt b+btt Other bkg Total unc. -1 =8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb) + tH→gb 6j(2b)≥ ATLAS Post bkg-only fit in sig+bkg fit Total bkg shape 300 GeV + H [GeV] had T H 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Data/Bkg 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 Events / 50 GeV 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Data +LFtt c+ctt b+btt Other bkg Total unc. -1 =8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb) + tH→gb 3b)≥4j( ATLAS Post bkg-only fit in sig+bkg fit Total bkg shape 300 GeV + H [GeV] had T H 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Data/Bkg 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 (c) (d) Figure 4. Distributions of Hhad Tafter the fit to the data under the background-only hypothesis in the four control regions: (a) 4j(2b), (b) 5j(2b), (c) ≥6j(2b), (d) 4j(≥3b). Each background is normalised according to its post-fit cross section. The signal shape is shown as a superimposed dashed blue line normalised to the data. The last bin includes the overflow. The hatched bands show the post-fit uncertainties taking into account the constraints and correlations of the nuisance parameters. The lower panels display the ratio of the data to the total predicted background. In addition, the solid red line shows the total background after an unconditional fit under the background-plus-signal hypothesis with a signal mass of 300 GeV. The limits in figure 6are presented together with the signal prediction in the mmod− h benchmark scenario of the MSSM [95]. Model points with 0.5.tan β.0.6 and tan β≈0.5 are excluded in the H+mass ranges of 200–300 GeV and 350–400 GeV, respectively,4while the expected limits in the mass range of 200–400 GeV reach tan β= 0.7. The mmod− h scenario is chosen as a reference model, but similar exclusions are obtained in other relevant scenarios of the MSSM [95], i.e. mmod+ h,mmax−up h,tau-phobic,light stau and light stop. It has been verified that the width predicted by these models does not have a notable impact on the exclusions. 4No reliable theoretical predictions exist for tan β < 0.5. – 16 – JHEP03(2016)127 Events / 0.067 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Data +LFtt c+ctt b+btt Other bkg Total unc. -1 =8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb) + tH→gb 3b)≥5j(≥ ATLAS Post bkg-only fit in sig+bkg fit Total bkg shape 300 GeV + H BDT output -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Data/Bkg 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 Events / 0.1 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Data +LFtt c+ctt b+btt Other bkg Total unc. -1 =8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb) + tH→gb 3b)≥5j(≥ ATLAS Post bkg-only fit in sig+bkg fit Total bkg shape 500 GeV + H BDT output -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Data/Bkg 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 (a) (b) Figure 5. Distributions of the BDT output in the signal-rich region after the fit to the data under the background-only hypothesis. The BDT was trained for two signal mass hypotheses: (a) 300 GeV and (b) 500 GeV. Each background is normalised according to its post-fit cross section. The signal shape is shown as a superimposed dashed blue line normalised to the data. The hatched bands show the post-fit uncertainties taking into account the constraints and correlations of the nuisance parameters. The lower panels display the ratio of the data to the total predicted background. In addition, the solid red line shows the total background after an unconditional fit under the background-plus-signal hypothesis with a signal mass of (a) 300 GeV and (b) 500 GeV. [GeV] + H m 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 tb) [pb]→ + )xBR(H + tH→(gbσ -1 10 1 10 Observed limit (CLs) Expected limit (CLs) σ 1± σ 2± xBR=1.65 pbσ=300 GeV, + H m Exp. limit with injected signal =0.5β tan modh xBR mσ =0.7β tan modh xBR mσ =0.9β tan modh xBR mσ ATLAS -1 =8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb) + tH→gb Figure 6. Expected and observed limits for the production of H+→tb in association with a top quark, as well as bands for 68% (in green) and 95% (in yellow) confidence intervals. The red dashdotted line shows the expected limit obtained in the case where a simulated signal is injected at mH+= 300 GeV, with a production cross section times branching fraction of 1.65 pb (corresponding to the best-fit signal strength at that mass hypothesis), yielding a deviation from the expectation that extends less to higher and lower mass values than the observed upper limit. Theory predictions are shown for three representative values of tan βin the mmod− hbenchmark scenario of the MSSM. – 17 – JHEP03(2016)127 5 Search for a charged Higgs boson produced in the s-channel In this section, two searches for qq0→W0→tb recently published by ATLAS [22,23] are reinterpreted as searches for the s-channel production5of charged Higgs bosons, i.e. qq0→H+→tb, based on final states with one charged lepton (electron or muon) and jets, or hadronic jets only. 5.1 Lepton+jets final state In the search for H+→tb →(`νb)bproduced in the s-channel, where the charged lepton `is an electron or muon (from a prompt W-boson decay or a leptonic τdecay), only events collected using a single-electron or single-muon trigger are considered, with the same combination of thresholds as in section 4.1. Exactly one charged lepton is required, which must match, with ∆R < 0.15, a lepton reconstructed by the trigger. The electron or muon is then required to have ETor pTgreater than 30 GeV. The selected events must then have two or three jets, with exactly two of them b-tagged. In addition, the Emiss Tmust exceed 35 GeV, and the sum Emiss T+mT, where mTis the transverse mass6of the Wboson, is required to be greater than 60 GeV in order to reduce the contribution from the multi-jet background. Assuming that the missing transverse momentum arises solely from the neutrino in the W-boson decay, its transverse momentum is given by the xand y-components of the Emiss Tvector, while the unmeasured z-component of the neutrino momentum pν zis inferred by imposing the W-boson mass constraint on the lepton-neutrino system. This leads to a quadratic equation for pν z. In the case of two real solutions, the one with the smaller pν zis chosen. If the solutions are complex, a real estimate of the pν z is obtained by a kinematic fit that rescales the neutrino momentum components pν xand pν ysuch that the imaginary term vanishes. The corrected missing transverse momentum of the neutrino is kept as close as possible to the measured Emiss T[110]. Having determined the four-momentum of the leptonically decaying Wboson, the top quark is then reconstructed. The b-tagged jet for which the invariant mass of the Wb system is closest to mtop is assumed to originate from the top-quark decay, the other btagged jet being in turn assigned to the H+decay. The selected events are then classified into one signal-rich and one signal-depleted region, separately for events with two or three jets. The signal-rich region is the subset of the sample with two b-tagged jets and an invariant mass mtb >330 GeV. The signal-depleted region is the complementary subset, with two b-tagged jets and mtb <330 GeV. The shape and normalisation of the multi-jet background with a misidentified lepton are determined with the matrix method [31]. All other backgrounds are taken from simulation. For W+jets events, the sample composition in the signal-rich and signal-depleted regions with two b-tagged jets are similar, hence an overall renormalisation of the W+jets background, based on the event yield measured in the signal-depleted region, is applied to the events with two jets. In the events with three jets, the contribution of the W+jets 5While the process generated is qq0→H+, the most commonly occuring reaction is cs →H+. 6The transverse mass is defined as mT=p2p` TEmiss T(1 −cos ∆φ`,miss), where ∆φ`,miss is the azimuthal separation between the reconstructed lepton and the missing momentum in the transverse plane. – 18 – JHEP03(2016)127 BDT Output -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Fraction of events / 0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 Background (0.8 TeV) + H (1.2 TeV) + H (1.6 TeV) + H ATLAS Simulation -1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs 2 jets 2 b-tags (tb), l+jets + H→ qq’ BDT Output -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Fraction of events / 0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 Background (0.8 TeV) + H (1.2 TeV) + H (1.6 TeV) + H ATLAS Simulation -1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs 3 jets 2 b-tags (tb), l+jets + H→ qq’ (a) (b) Figure 7. Expected BDT output distribution for the SM backgrounds and for three H+signal samples (with masses of 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 TeV), obtained in the signal-rich regions with (a) 2 jets and 2 b-tags and (b) 3 jets and 2 b-tags. All distributions are averaged over events with an electron or a muon in the final state, and they are normalised to unity. background remains below 10% and large uncertainties are obtained for the data-driven renormalisation factors, hence the W+jets process with three jets is treated in the same way as the other simulated backgrounds. BDT discriminators, using the TMVA toolkit [99], are again used to obtain the best separation between the H+→tb signal events and the associated SM backgrounds. The same BDT as in the search for W0→tb [22] are used. These BDT were trained for a W0mass of 1.75 TeV. Alternative trainings with H+samples were tested but no overall improvement of the expected sensitivity was found. In events with two (three) jets, ten (eleven) BDT input variables are used, of which mtb and the pTof the top-quark candidate are the most discriminating. Figure 7shows the expected BDT output distributions, normalised to unity, for selected H+→tb signal samples and the background processes, in the signal-rich regions. No sign of a signal is observed in the selected samples with two or three jets, including two b-tags [22], as illustrated in figure 8. The BDT distributions of events with 2-jet and 3-jet final states, with separated e+jets and µ+jets samples, are used in a combined statistical analysis to compute exclusion limits on the cross section times branching fraction for H+→tb in the s-channel production mode, as discussed in section 5.3. 5.2 All-hadronic final state In this section, the search for H+→tb →(qq0b)bproduced in the s-channel is described. The selection and the statistical analysis are identical to those of the W0→tb search [23]. Events with isolated charged leptons are vetoed in the event selection. Candidate events are first collected using the requirement that the scalar sum of ETfor all energy deposits – 19 – JHEP03(2016)127 Events / 0.05 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 Data (1.6 TeV, 1 pb) + H , single-toptt W+jets Z+jets, diboson Multi-jets Uncertainty ATLAS (tb), l+jets + H→qq’ -1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs 2 jets 2 b-tags BDT Output -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Data / Pred. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Events / 0.05 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 Data (1.6 TeV, 1 pb) + H , single-toptt W+jets Z+jets, diboson Multi-jets Uncertainty ATLAS (tb), l+jets + H→qq’ -1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs 3 jets 2 b-tags BDT Output -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Data / Pred. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 (a) (b) Figure 8. Comparison of the BDT output distributions between the ATLAS data and simulation, in the signal-rich regions with (a) 2 jets and 2 b-tags and (b) 3 jets and 2 b-tags, summing the events with an electron or a muon in the final state. A potential signal contribution, with a charged Higgs boson mass of 1.6 TeV and a cross section times branching fraction of 1 pb, is shown stacked on top of the background distributions. The uncertainty bands include normalisation uncertainties on all backgrounds and the uncertainty due to the limited size of the samples of simulated events. in the calorimeters exceeds 700 GeV at the trigger level. Then, the scalar sum of pTof all small-radius jets is required to be greater than 850 GeV. The selected events must contain exactly one top-tagged large-radius jet (reconstructed and identified using the procedure described in section 3) with pT>350 GeV and |η|<2.0. A small-radius b-tagged jet, with pT>350 GeV and a separation ∆R > 2.0 from the top-tagged jet, is also required. The invariant mass of the top-tagged jet and the b-tagged jet, mtb, must exceed 1.1 TeV. The selected events are classified into two categories, one b-tag or two b-tags, depending on whether or not an additional small-radius b-tagged jet with pT>25 GeV is found with a distance ∆R < 1.0 from the top-tagged jet. The second b-tagged jet, if found, is used for classification only and does not enter the invariant mass calculation, to avoid double-counting of energy. The shape of the mtb distribution for the signal is estimated from a fit to simulated H+events. The appropriate functional form is found to be the same as in the search for W0→tb: a skew-normal distribution convolved with a Gaussian function, to capture the asymmetric structure of the H+signal shape due to radiation, together with off-shell production [23]. The signal shapes are shown in figure 9. A fit of the SM background plus the H+signal shape to the data is used to estimate the background. The background shape is described by an exponential function with a polynomial of order nas argument, exp(Pn k=1 ckmk tb) with n= 4 (2) in the one (two) b-tag category. The function was selected to optimally describe the SM background as estimated from fits to signal-free control regions, as well as to minimise the number of spurious signal events found in the background-plus-signal fit to this background-only sample. Multi-jet – 20 – JHEP03(2016)127 2000 3000 4000 5000 Events / 100 GeV 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 Data Background-only fit + 1.5 TeV H + 2.0 TeV H + 2.5 TeV H + 3.0 TeV H ATLAS -1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb), all-had + H→qq' one b-tag category [GeV] tb m 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 data / fit 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 2000 3000 4000 Events / 100 GeV 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 Data Background-only fit + 1.5 TeV H + 2.0 TeV H + 2.5 TeV H + 3.0 TeV H ATLAS -1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb), all-had + H→qq' two b-tag category [GeV] tb m 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 data / fit 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 (a) (b) Figure 9. The mtb distribution in data, with a background-only fit, in the (a) one b-tag and (b) two b-tag categories. The lower panels show the ratio of the data to the fit. Potential signal contributions, with charged Higgs boson masses of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 TeV, each corresponding to a cross section times branching fraction of 0.2 pb, are also shown. events contribute at the level of 99% (88%) to the total background in the one (two) b-tag event categories, as estimated from simulation and fits to the data in control regions [23]. No significant excess of data with respect to the SM predictions is observed in the selected samples with one or two b-tags, as shown in the search for W0→tb [23] and illustrated in figure 9. The mtb distributions in the one and two b-tag event categories are used in a combined statistical analysis to compute exclusion limits, as discussed in section 5.3. 5.3 Results and interpretations The data are found to be compatible with the background-only predictions [22,23], and 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction of H+→tb in the s-channel are derived using a narrow-width approximation. Hypothesis testing is performed using the CLs [108] procedure, with the log-likelihood ratio of the background-plus-signal and background-only hypotheses as the test statistic for both final states. Systematic uncertainties are treated as nuisance parameters and are implemented in the same manner as in the searches for W0→tb [22,23], with the exception of the uncertainty arising from the choice of the PDF in the signal modelling, since the colliding partons are mainly cand squarks in the H+production. The PDF systematic uncertainties are estimated by taking the envelope of the MSTW2008 68% CL NLO, CT10 NLO and NNPDF3.0 NLO PDF sets in nominal H+signal events, reweighted using LHAPDF6 [111]. The dominant systematic uncertainty in the lepton+jets final state is the W+jets cross section normalisation, while for the all-hadronic final state, the b-tagging and background modelling uncertainties dominate. Figure 10 shows the expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction of qq0→H+→tb in the s-channel. For the lep- – 21 – JHEP03(2016)127 mass [TeV] + H 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 tb) [pb]→ + BR(H×) + H→(qq’ σ -2 10 -1 10 1 10 2 10 Expected limit Observed limit σ 1 ± σ 2 ± ATLAS -1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb), l+jets + H→qq’ mass [TeV] + H 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 tb) [pb]→ + BR(H×) + H→(qq’ σ -2 10 -1 10 1 10 2 10 Expected limit Observed limit σ 1 ± σ 2 ± ATLAS -1 = 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs (tb), all-had + H→qq’ (a) (b) Figure 10. Expected and observed 95% CL limits on the s-channel production cross section times branching fraction for H+→tb as a function of the charged Higgs boson mass, in the (a) lepton+jets final state and (b) all-hadronic final state, including all systematic uncertainties, using a narrow-width approximation. ton+jets (all-hadronic) final state and the charged Higgs boson mass range of 0.4–2.0 TeV (1.5–3.0 TeV), these observed upper limits lie between 0.13 and 6.7 pb (0.09 and 0.22 pb). The corresponding expected upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction are 0.18–7.4 pb (0.11–0.21 pb). These limits are valid for a narrow-width approximation, i.e. when the decay width divided by the mass is small (Γ(H+→tb)/mH+<1.5%) compared with the detector resolution (∼10%). No exclusion of a type-II 2HDM in a narrow-width approximation can be made based on the observed limits. However, these generic upper limits are the first ones from ATLAS for a narrow charged scalar particle produced through annihilation of light quarks and decaying into a tb pair. This could enable the probing of charged Higgs bosons (other than type-II 2HDM) that also have sizeable couplings to lighter quarks. 6 Conclusions This paper presents searches for charged Higgs bosons decaying through H+→tb, produced either in association with a top quark or in the s-channel process qq0→H+→tb, using the 20.3 fb−1dataset of pp collisions at √s= 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during Run 1. The search for gb →tH+is performed in the H+mass range of 200–600 GeV. The analysis uses multivariate analysis techniques in the signal-rich region, and it employs control regions to reduce the large uncertainties on the backgrounds. An excess of data with respect to the SM predictions is observed for all H+mass hypotheses, except 600 GeV. The injection of simulated H+events yields a deviation from the expectation that extends less to higher and lower masses than the observed upper limit, indicating that a systematic – 22 – JHEP03(2016)127 background mismodelling is more likely to give rise to the observed excess than a signal. The smallest local p0-values are found at mH+values of 250, 300 and 450 GeV, corresponding to 2.3–2.4 standard deviations. The mmod− hscenario of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is excluded at 95% confidence level for 0.5.tan β.0.6 in the H+mass range of 200–300 GeV, and for tan β≈0.5 in the H+mass range of 350–400 GeV. The s-channel production of qq0→H+→tb is investigated through a reinterpretation of searches for W0→tb in ATLAS. The lepton+jets final state is used for H+masses between 0.4 and 2.0 TeV, and the search employs multivariate techniques in order to reduce the contribution of SM backgrounds. The all-hadronic final state is used in the H+mass range of 1.5–3.0 TeV, and events with a jet tagged as originating from a hadronic top-quark decay are selected in the analysis. In both searches for H+→tb produced via the s-channel process, no significant excess of data is observed with respect to the SM predictions. The s-channel production mode offers a possibility to probe the coupling between light quarks and a charged Higgs boson. No upper limits on the cross section of charged scalar particles in the s-channel production mode have been set previously by the ATLAS experiment. Acknowledgments We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEADSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZˇ S, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d’Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide. – 23 – JHEP03(2016)127 Open Access. 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Ancu49, N. Andari108, T. Andeen31, C.F. Anders58b, G. Anders30, J.K. Anders74, K.J. Anderson31, A. Andreazza91a,91b, V. Andrei58a, S. Angelidakis9, I. Angelozzi107, P. Anger44, A. Angerami35, F. Anghinolfi30, A.V. Anisenkov109,c, N. Anjos12, A. Annovi124a,124b, M. Antonelli47, A. Antonov98, J. Antos144b, F. Anulli132a, M. Aoki66, L. Aperio Bella18, G. Arabidze90, Y. Arai66, J.P. Araque126a, A.T.H. Arce45, F.A. Arduh71, J-F. Arguin95, S. Argyropoulos63, M. Arik19a, A.J. Armbruster30, O. Arnaez30, H. Arnold48, M. Arratia28, O. Arslan21, A. Artamonov97, G. Artoni120, S. Artz83, S. Asai155, N. Asbah42, A. Ashkenazi153, B. ˚ Asman146a,146b, L. Asquith149, K. Assamagan25, R. Astalos144a, M. Atkinson165, N.B. Atlay141, K. Augsten128, M. Aurousseau145b, G. Avolio30, B. Axen15, M.K. Ayoub117, G. Azuelos95,d, M.A. Baak30, A.E. Baas58a, M.J. Baca18, H. Bachacou136, K. Bachas154, M. Backes30, M. Backhaus30, P. Bagiacchi132a,132b, P. Bagnaia132a,132b, Y. Bai33a, J.T. Baines131, O.K. Baker176, E.M. Baldin109,c, P. Balek129, T. Balestri148, F. Balli84, W.K. Balunas122, E. Banas39, Sw. Banerjee173,e, A.A.E. Bannoura175, L. Barak30, E.L. Barberio88, D. Barberis50a,50b, M. Barbero85, T. Barillari101, M. Barisonzi164a,164b, T. Barklow143, N. Barlow28, S.L. Barnes84, B.M. Barnett131, R.M. Barnett15, Z. Barnovska5, A. Baroncelli134a, G. Barone23, A.J. Barr120, F. Barreiro82, J. Barreiro Guimar˜aes da Costa33a, R. Bartoldus143, A.E. Barton72, P. Bartos144a, A. Basalaev123, A. Bassalat117, A. Basye165, R.L. Bates53, S.J. Batista158, J.R. Batley28, M. Battaglia137, M. Bauce132a,132b, F. Bauer136, H.S. Bawa143,f , J.B. Beacham111, M.D. Beattie72, T. Beau80, P.H. Beauchemin161, R. Beccherle124a,124b, P. Bechtle21, H.P. Beck17,g, K. Becker120, M. Becker83, M. Beckingham170, C. Becot117, A.J. Beddall19b, A. Beddall19b, V.A. Bednyakov65, C.P. Bee148, L.J. Beemster107, T.A. Beermann30, M. Begel25, J.K. Behr120, C. Belanger-Champagne87, W.H. Bell49, G. Bella153, L. Bellagamba20a, A. 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Blackburn138, R.E. Blair6, J.-B. Blanchard136, – 31 – JHEP03(2016)127 J.E. Blanco77, T. Blazek144a, I. Bloch42, C. Blocker23, W. Blum83,∗, U. Blumenschein54, S. Blunier32a, G.J. Bobbink107, V.S. Bobrovnikov109,c, S.S. Bocchetta81, A. Bocci45, C. Bock100, M. Boehler48, J.A. Bogaerts30, D. Bogavac13, A.G. Bogdanchikov109, C. Bohm146a, V. Boisvert77, T. Bold38a, V. Boldea26b, A.S. Boldyrev99, M. Bomben80, M. Bona76, M. Boonekamp136, A. Borisov130, G. Borissov72, S. Borroni42, J. Bortfeldt100, V. Bortolotto60a,60b,60c, K. Bos107, D. Boscherini20a, M. Bosman12, J. Boudreau125, J. Bouffard2, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker72, D. Boumediene34, C. Bourdarios117, N. Bousson114, S.K. Boutle53, A. Boveia30, J. Boyd30, I.R. Boyko65, J. Bracinik18, A. Brandt8, G. Brandt54, O. Brandt58a, U. Bratzler156, B. Brau86, J.E. Brau116, H.M. Braun175,∗, W.D. Breaden Madden53, K. Brendlinger122, A.J. Brennan88, L. Brenner107, R. Brenner166, S. Bressler172, T.M. Bristow46, D. Britton53, D. Britzger42, F.M. Brochu28, I. 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Canepa159a, M. Cano Bret33e, J. Cantero82, R. Cantrill126a, T. Cao40, M.D.M. Capeans Garrido30, I. Caprini26b, M. Caprini26b, M. Capua37a,37b, R. Caputo83, R.M. Carbone35, R. Cardarelli133a, F. Cardillo48, T. Carli30, G. Carlino104a, L. Carminati91a,91b, S. Caron106, E. Carquin32a, G.D. Carrillo-Montoya30, J.R. Carter28, J. Carvalho126a,126c, D. Casadei78, M.P. Casado12, M. Casolino12, D.W. Casper163, E. Castaneda-Miranda145a, A. Castelli107, V. Castillo Gimenez167, N.F. Castro126a,h, P. Catastini57, A. Catinaccio30, J.R. Catmore119, A. Cattai30, J. Caudron83, V. Cavaliere165, D. Cavalli91a, M. Cavalli-Sforza12, V. Cavasinni124a,124b, F. Ceradini134a,134b, L. Cerda Alberich167, B.C. Cerio45, A.S. Cerqueira24b, A. Cerri149, L. Cerrito76, F. Cerutti15, M. Cerv30, A. Cervelli17, S.A. Cetin19c, A. Chafaq135a, D. Chakraborty108, I. Chalupkova129, Y.L. Chan60a, P. Chang165, J.D. Chapman28, D.G. Charlton18, C.C. Chau158, C.A. Chavez Barajas149, S. Che111, S. Cheatham152, A. Chegwidden90, S. Chekanov6, S.V. Chekulaev159a, G.A. Chelkov65,i, M.A. Chelstowska89, C. Chen64, H. Chen25, K. Chen148, L. Chen33d,j, S. Chen33c, S. Chen155, X. Chen33f , Y. Chen67, H.C. Cheng89, Y. Cheng31, A. Cheplakov65, E. Cheremushkina130, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli135e, V. Chernyatin25,∗, E. Cheu7, L. Chevalier136, V. Chiarella47, G. Chiarelli124a,124b, G. Chiodini73a, A.S. Chisholm18, R.T. Chislett78, A. Chitan26b, M.V. Chizhov65, K. Choi61, S. Chouridou9, B.K.B. Chow100, V. Christodoulou78, D. Chromek-Burckhart30, J. Chudoba127, A.J. Chuinard87, J.J. Chwastowski39, L. Chytka115, G. Ciapetti132a,132b, A.K. Ciftci4a, D. Cinca53, V. Cindro75, I.A. Cioara21, A. Ciocio15, F. Cirotto104a,104b, Z.H. Citron172, M. Ciubancan26b, A. Clark49, B.L. Clark57, P.J. Clark46, R.N. Clarke15, C. Clement146a,146b, Y. Coadou85, M. Cobal164a,164c, A. Coccaro49, J. Cochran64, L. Coffey23, H. Cohen153, L. Colasurdo106, B. Cole35, S. Cole108, A.P. Colijn107, J. Collot55, T. Colombo58c, G. Compostella101, P. Conde Mui˜no126a,126b, E. Coniavitis48, S.H. Connell145b, I.A. Connelly77, V. Consorti48, S. Constantinescu26b, C. Conta121a,121b, G. Conti30, F. Conventi104a,k, M. Cooke15, B.D. Cooper78, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar120, T. Cornelissen175, M. Corradi132a,132b, F. Corriveau87,l, A. Corso-Radu163, A. Cortes-Gonzalez12, G. Cortiana101, G. Costa91a, M.J. Costa167, – 32 – JHEP03(2016)127 D. Costanzo139, D. Cˆot´e8, G. Cottin28, G. Cowan77, B.E. Cox84, K. Cranmer110, S.J. Crawley53, G. Cree29, S. Cr´ep´e-Renaudin55, F. Crescioli80, W.A. Cribbs146a,146b, M. Crispin Ortuzar120, M. Cristinziani21, V. Croft106, G. Crosetti37a,37b, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann139, J. Cummings176, M. Curatolo47, J. C´uth83, C. Cuthbert150, H. Czirr141, P. Czodrowski3, S. D’Auria53, M. D’Onofrio74, M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa126a,126b, C. Da Via84, W. Dabrowski38a, A. Dafinca120, T. Dai89, O. Dale14, F. Dallaire95, C. Dallapiccola86, M. Dam36, J.R. Dandoy31, N.P. Dang48, A.C. Daniells18, M. Danninger168, M. 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Dette43, P.O. Deviveiros30, A. Dewhurst131, S. Dhaliwal23, A. Di Ciaccio133a,133b, L. Di Ciaccio5, A. Di Domenico132a,132b, C. Di Donato132a,132b, A. Di Girolamo30, B. Di Girolamo30, A. Di Mattia152, B. Di Micco134a,134b, R. Di Nardo47, A. Di Simone48, R. Di Sipio158, D. Di Valentino29, C. Diaconu85, M. Diamond158, F.A. Dias46, M.A. Diaz32a, E.B. Diehl89, J. Dietrich16, S. Diglio85, A. Dimitrievska13, J. Dingfelder21, P. Dita26b, S. Dita26b, F. Dittus30, F. Djama85, T. Djobava51b, J.I. Djuvsland58a, M.A.B. do Vale24c, D. Dobos30, M. Dobre26b, C. Doglioni81, T. Dohmae155, J. Dolejsi129, Z. Dolezal129, B.A. Dolgoshein98,∗, M. Donadelli24d, S. Donati124a,124b, P. Dondero121a,121b, J. Donini34, J. Dopke131, A. Doria104a, M.T. Dova71, A.T. Doyle53, E. Drechsler54, M. Dris10, Y. Du33d, J. Duarte-Campderros153, E. Dubreuil34, E. Duchovni172, G. Duckeck100, O.A. Ducu26b,85, D. Duda107, A. Dudarev30, L. Duflot117, L. Duguid77, M. D¨uhrssen30, M. Dunford58a, H. Duran Yildiz4a, M. D¨uren52, A. 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Feng30, H. Feng89, A.B. Fenyuk130, L. Feremenga8, P. Fernandez Martinez167, S. Fernandez Perez12, J. Ferrando53, A. Ferrari166, P. Ferrari107, R. Ferrari121a, D.E. Ferreira de Lima53, A. Ferrer167, D. Ferrere49, C. Ferretti89, A. Ferretto Parodi50a,50b, F. Fiedler83, A. Filipˇciˇc75, M. Filipuzzi42, F. Filthaut106, M. Fincke-Keeler169, K.D. Finelli150, M.C.N. Fiolhais126a,126c, L. Fiorini167, A. Firan40, A. Fischer2, C. Fischer12, J. Fischer175, W.C. Fisher90, N. Flaschel42, I. Fleck141, P. Fleischmann89, G.T. Fletcher139, G. Fletcher76, R.R.M. Fletcher122, T. Flick175, A. Floderus81, L.R. Flores Castillo60a, M.J. Flowerdew101, G.T. Forcolin84, A. Formica136, A. Forti84, D. Fournier117, H. Fox72, S. Fracchia12, P. Francavilla80, M. Franchini20a,20b, D. Francis30, – 33 – JHEP03(2016)127 L. Franconi119, M. Franklin57, M. Frate163, M. Fraternali121a,121b, D. Freeborn78, S.T. French28, S.M. Fressard-Batraneanu30, F. Friedrich44, D. Froidevaux30, J.A. Frost120, C. Fukunaga156, E. 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Giokaris9, M.P. Giordani164a,164c, F.M. Giorgi20a, F.M. Giorgi16, P.F. Giraud136, P. Giromini57, D. Giugni91a, C. Giuliani101, M. Giulini58b, B.K. Gjelsten119, S. Gkaitatzis154, I. Gkialas154, E.L. Gkougkousis117, L.K. Gladilin99, C. Glasman82, J. Glatzer30, P.C.F. Glaysher46, A. Glazov42, M. Goblirsch-Kolb101, J.R. Goddard76, J. Godlewski39, S. Goldfarb89, T. Golling49, D. Golubkov130, A. Gomes126a,126b,126d, R. Gon¸calo126a, J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino Da Costa136, L. Gonella21, S. Gonz´alez de la Hoz167, G. Gonzalez Parra12, S. Gonzalez-Sevilla49, L. Goossens30, P.A. Gorbounov97, H.A. Gordon25, I. Gorelov105, B. Gorini30, E. Gorini73a,73b, A. Goriˇsek75, E. Gornicki39, A.T. Goshaw45, C. G¨ossling43, M.I. Gostkin65, D. Goujdami135c, A.G. Goussiou138, N. Govender145b, E. Gozani152, L. Graber54, I. Grabowska-Bold38a, P.O.J. Gradin166, P. Grafstr¨om20a,20b, J. Gramling49, E. Gramstad119, S. Grancagnolo16, V. Gratchev123, H.M. Gray30, E. Graziani134a, Z.D. Greenwood79,p, C. Grefe21, K. Gregersen78, I.M. Gregor42, P. Grenier143, J. Griffiths8, A.A. Grillo137, K. Grimm72, S. Grinstein12,q, Ph. Gris34, J.-F. Grivaz117, S. Groh83, J.P. Grohs44, A. Grohsjean42, E. Gross172, J. Grosse-Knetter54, G.C. Grossi79, Z.J. Grout149, L. Guan89, J. Guenther128, F. Guescini49, D. Guest163, O. Gueta153, E. Guido50a,50b, T. Guillemin5, S. Guindon2, U. Gul53, C. Gumpert30, J. Guo33e, Y. Guo33b,o, S. Gupta120, G. Gustavino132a,132b, P. Gutierrez113, N.G. Gutierrez Ortiz78, C. Gutschow44, C. Guyot136, C. Gwenlan120, C.B. Gwilliam74, A. Haas110, C. Haber15, H.K. Hadavand8, N. Haddad135e, P. Haefner21, S. Hageb¨ock21, Z. Hajduk39, H. Hakobyan177, M. Haleem42, J. Haley114, D. Hall120, G. Halladjian90, G.D. Hallewell85, K. Hamacher175, P. Hamal115, K. Hamano169, A. Hamilton145a, G.N. Hamity139, P.G. Hamnett42, L. Han33b, K. Hanagaki66,r, K. Hanawa155, M. Hance137, B. Haney122, P. Hanke58a, R. Hanna136, J.B. Hansen36, J.D. Hansen36, M.C. Hansen21, P.H. Hansen36, K. Hara160, A.S. Hard173, T. Harenberg175, F. Hariri117, S. Harkusha92, R.D. Harrington46, P.F. Harrison170, F. Hartjes107, M. Hasegawa67, Y. Hasegawa140, A. Hasib113, S. Hassani136, S. Haug17, R. Hauser90, L. Hauswald44, M. Havranek127, C.M. Hawkes18, R.J. Hawkings30, A.D. Hawkins81, T. Hayashi160, D. Hayden90, C.P. Hays120, J.M. Hays76, H.S. Hayward74, S.J. Haywood131, S.J. Head18, T. Heck83, V. Hedberg81, L. Heelan8, S. Heim122, T. Heim15, B. Heinemann15, L. Heinrich110, J. Hejbal127, L. Helary22, S. Hellman146a,146b, C. Helsens30, J. Henderson120, R.C.W. Henderson72, Y. Heng173, S. Henkelmann168, A.M. Henriques Correia30, S. Henrot-Versille117, G.H. Herbert16, Y. Hern´andez Jim´enez167, G. Herten48, R. Hertenberger100, L. Hervas30, G.G. Hesketh78, N.P. Hessey107, J.W. Hetherly40, R. Hickling76, E. Hig´on-Rodriguez167, E. Hill169, J.C. Hill28, K.H. Hiller42, S.J. Hillier18, I. Hinchliffe15, E. Hines122, R.R. Hinman15, M. Hirose157, D. Hirschbuehl175, J. Hobbs148, N. Hod107, M.C. Hodgkinson139, P. Hodgson139, A. Hoecker30, M.R. Hoeferkamp105, F. Hoenig100, M. Hohlfeld83, D. Hohn21, T.R. Holmes15, M. Homann43, T.M. Hong125, B.H. Hooberman165, W.H. Hopkins116, Y. Horii103, A.J. Horton142, – 34 – JHEP03(2016)127 J-Y. Hostachy55, S. Hou151, A. Hoummada135a, J. Howard120, J. Howarth42, M. Hrabovsky115, I. Hristova16, J. Hrivnac117, T. Hryn’ova5, A. Hrynevich93, C. Hsu145c, P.J. Hsu151,s, S.-C. Hsu138, D. Hu35, Q. Hu33b, Y. Huang42, Z. Hubacek128, F. Hubaut85, F. Huegging21, T.B. Huffman120, E.W. Hughes35, G. Hughes72, M. Huhtinen30, T.A. H¨ulsing83, N. Huseynov65,b, J. Huston90, J. Huth57, G. Iacobucci49, G. Iakovidis25, I. Ibragimov141, L. Iconomidou-Fayard117, E. Ideal176, Z. Idrissi135e, P. Iengo30, O. Igonkina107, T. Iizawa171, Y. Ikegami66, M. Ikeno66, Y. Ilchenko31,t, D. Iliadis154, N. Ilic143, T. Ince101, G. Introzzi121a,121b, P. Ioannou9, M. Iodice134a, K. Iordanidou35, V. Ippolito57, A. Irles Quiles167, C. Isaksson166, M. Ishino68, M. Ishitsuka157, R. Ishmukhametov111, C. Issever120, S. Istin19a, J.M. Iturbe Ponce84, R. Iuppa133a,133b, J. Ivarsson81, W. Iwanski39, H. Iwasaki66, J.M. Izen41, V. Izzo104a, S. Jabbar3, B. Jackson122, M. Jackson74, P. Jackson1, M.R. Jaekel30, V. Jain2, K.B. Jakobi83, K. Jakobs48, S. Jakobsen30, T. Jakoubek127, J. Jakubek128, D.O. Jamin114, D.K. Jana79, E. Jansen78, R. Jansky62, J. Janssen21, M. Janus54, G. Jarlskog81, N. Javadov65,b, T. Jav˚urek48, F. Jeanneau136, L. Jeanty15, J. Jejelava51a,u, G.-Y. Jeng150, D. Jennens88, P. Jenni48,v, J. Jentzsch43, C. Jeske170, S. J´ez´equel5, H. Ji173, J. Jia148, H. Jiang64, Y. Jiang33b, S. Jiggins78, J. Jimenez Pena167, S. Jin33a, A. Jinaru26b, O. Jinnouchi157, P. Johansson139, K.A. Johns7, W.J. Johnson138, K. Jon-And146a,146b, G. Jones170, R.W.L. Jones72, T.J. Jones74, J. Jongmanns58a, P.M. Jorge126a,126b, K.D. Joshi84, J. Jovicevic159a, X. Ju173, A. Juste Rozas12,q, M.K. K¨ohler172, M. Kaci167, A. Kaczmarska39, M. Kado117, H. Kagan111, M. Kagan143, S.J. Kahn85, E. Kajomovitz45, C.W. Kalderon120, A. Kaluza83, S. Kama40, A. Kamenshchikov130, N. Kanaya155, S. Kaneti28, V.A. Kantserov98, J. Kanzaki66, B. Kaplan110, L.S. Kaplan173, A. Kapliy31, D. Kar145c, K. Karakostas10, A. Karamaoun3, N. Karastathis10,107, M.J. Kareem54, E. Karentzos10, M. Karnevskiy83, S.N. Karpov65, Z.M. Karpova65, K. Karthik110, V. Kartvelishvili72, A.N. Karyukhin130, K. Kasahara160, L. Kashif173, R.D. Kass111, A. Kastanas14, Y. Kataoka155, C. Kato155, A. Katre49, J. Katzy42, K. Kawade103, K. Kawagoe70, T. Kawamoto155, G. Kawamura54, S. Kazama155, V.F. Kazanin109,c, R. Keeler169, R. Kehoe40, J.S. Keller42, J.J. Kempster77, H. Keoshkerian84, O. Kepka127, B.P. Kerˇsevan75, S. Kersten175, R.A. Keyes87, F. Khalil-zada11, H. Khandanyan146a,146b, A. Khanov114, A.G. Kharlamov109,c, T.J. Khoo28, V. Khovanskiy97, E. Khramov65, J. Khubua51b,w, S. Kido67, H.Y. Kim8, S.H. Kim160, Y.K. Kim31, N. Kimura154, O.M. Kind16, B.T. King74, M. King167, S.B. King168, J. Kirk131, A.E. Kiryunin101, T. Kishimoto67, D. Kisielewska38a, F. Kiss48, K. Kiuchi160, O. Kivernyk136, E. Kladiva144b, M.H. Klein35, M. Klein74, U. Klein74, K. Kleinknecht83, P. Klimek146a,146b, A. Klimentov25, R. Klingenberg43, J.A. Klinger139, T. Klioutchnikova30, E.-E. Kluge58a, P. Kluit107, S. Kluth101, J. Knapik39, E. Kneringer62, E.B.F.G. Knoops85, A. Knue53, A. Kobayashi155, D. Kobayashi157, T. Kobayashi155, M. Kobel44, M. Kocian143, P. Kodys129, T. Koffas29, E. Koffeman107, L.A. Kogan120, S. Kohlmann175, Z. Kohout128, T. Kohriki66, T. Koi143, H. Kolanoski16, M. Kolb58b, I. Koletsou5, A.A. Komar96,∗, Y. Komori155, T. Kondo66, N. Kondrashova42, K. K¨oneke48, A.C. K¨onig106, T. Kono66,x, R. Konoplich110,y, N. Konstantinidis78, R. Kopeliansky152, S. Koperny38a, L. K¨opke83, A.K. Kopp48, K. Korcyl39, K. Kordas154, A. Korn78, A.A. Korol109,c, I. Korolkov12, E.V. Korolkova139, O. Kortner101, S. Kortner101, T. Kosek129, V.V. Kostyukhin21, V.M. Kotov65, A. Kotwal45, A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi154, C. Kourkoumelis9, V. Kouskoura25, A. Koutsman159a, R. Kowalewski169, T.Z. Kowalski38a, W. Kozanecki136, A.S. Kozhin130, V.A. Kramarenko99, G. Kramberger75, D. Krasnopevtsev98, M.W. Krasny80, A. Krasznahorkay30, J.K. Kraus21, A. Kravchenko25, M. Kretz58c, J. Kretzschmar74, K. Kreutzfeldt52, P. Krieger158, K. Krizka31, K. Kroeninger43, H. Kroha101, J. Kroll122, J. Kroseberg21, J. Krstic13, U. Kruchonak65, H. Kr¨uger21, N. Krumnack64, A. Kruse173, M.C. Kruse45, M. Kruskal22, T. Kubota88, H. Kucuk78, S. Kuday4b, S. Kuehn48, A. Kugel58c, F. Kuger174, A. Kuhl137, T. Kuhl42, V. Kukhtin65, – 35 – JHEP03(2016)127 R. Kukla136, Y. Kulchitsky92, S. Kuleshov32b, M. Kuna132a,132b, T. Kunigo68, A. Kupco127, H. Kurashige67, Y.A. Kurochkin92, V. Kus127, E.S. Kuwertz169, M. Kuze157, J. Kvita115, T. Kwan169, D. Kyriazopoulos139, A. La Rosa137, J.L. La Rosa Navarro24d, L. La Rotonda37a,37b, C. Lacasta167, F. Lacava132a,132b, J. Lacey29, H. Lacker16, D. Lacour80, V.R. Lacuesta167, E. Ladygin65, R. Lafaye5, B. Laforge80, T. Lagouri176, S. Lai54, L. Lambourne78, S. Lammers61, C.L. Lampen7, W. Lampl7, E. Lan¸con136, U. Landgraf48, M.P.J. Landon76, V.S. Lang58a, J.C. Lange12, A.J. Lankford163, F. Lanni25, K. Lantzsch21, A. Lanza121a, S. Laplace80, C. Lapoire30, J.F. Laporte136, T. Lari91a, F. Lasagni Manghi20a,20b, M. Lassnig30, P. Laurelli47, W. Lavrijsen15, A.T. Law137, P. Laycock74, T. Lazovich57, O. Le Dortz80, E. Le Guirriec85, E. Le Menedeu12, M. LeBlanc169, T. LeCompte6, F. Ledroit-Guillon55, C.A. Lee145a, S.C. Lee151, L. Lee1, G. Lefebvre80, M. Lefebvre169, F. Legger100, C. Leggett15, A. Lehan74, G. Lehmann Miotto30, X. Lei7, W.A. Leight29, A. Leisos154,z, A.G. Leister176, M.A.L. Leite24d, R. Leitner129, D. Lellouch172, B. Lemmer54, K.J.C. Leney78, T. Lenz21, B. Lenzi30, R. Leone7, S. Leone124a,124b, C. Leonidopoulos46, S. Leontsinis10, C. Leroy95, C.G. Lester28, M. Levchenko123, J. Levˆeque5, D. Levin89, L.J. Levinson172, M. Levy18, A. Lewis120, A.M. Leyko21, M. Leyton41, B. Li33b,aa, H. Li148, H.L. Li31, L. Li45, L. Li33e, S. Li45, X. Li84, Y. Li33c,ab, Z. Liang137, H. Liao34, B. Liberti133a, A. Liblong158, P. Lichard30, K. Lie165, J. Liebal21, W. Liebig14, C. Limbach21, A. Limosani150, S.C. Lin151,ac, T.H. Lin83, B.E. Lindquist148, J.T. Linnemann90, E. Lipeles122, A. Lipniacka14, M. Lisovyi58b, T.M. Liss165, D. Lissauer25, A. Lister168, A.M. Litke137, B. Liu151,ad, D. Liu151, H. Liu89, J. Liu85, J.B. Liu33b, K. Liu85, L. Liu165, M. Liu45, M. Liu33b, Y. Liu33b, M. Livan121a,121b, A. Lleres55, J. Llorente Merino82, S.L. Lloyd76, F. Lo Sterzo151, E. Lobodzinska42, P. Loch7, W.S. Lockman137, F.K. Loebinger84, A.E. Loevschall-Jensen36, K.M. Loew23, A. Loginov176, T. Lohse16, K. Lohwasser42, M. Lokajicek127, B.A. Long22, J.D. Long165, R.E. Long72, K.A. Looper111, L. Lopes126a, D. Lopez Mateos57, B. Lopez Paredes139, I. Lopez Paz12, J. Lorenz100, N. Lorenzo Martinez61, M. Losada162, P.J. L¨osel100, X. Lou33a, A. Lounis117, J. Love6, P.A. Love72, H. Lu60a, N. Lu89, H.J. Lubatti138, C. Luci132a,132b, A. Lucotte55, C. Luedtke48, F. Luehring61, W. Lukas62, L. Luminari132a, O. Lundberg146a,146b, B. Lund-Jensen147, D. Lynn25, R. Lysak127, E. Lytken81, H. Ma25, L.L. Ma33d, G. Maccarrone47, A. Macchiolo101, C.M. Macdonald139, B. Maˇcek75, J. Machado Miguens122,126b, D. Macina30, D. Madaffari85, R. Madar34, H.J. Maddocks72, W.F. Mader44, A. Madsen42, J. Maeda67, S. Maeland14, T. Maeno25, A. Maevskiy99, E. Magradze54, K. Mahboubi48, J. Mahlstedt107, C. Maiani136, C. Maidantchik24a, A.A. Maier101, T. Maier100, A. Maio126a,126b,126d, S. Majewski116, Y. Makida66, N. Makovec117, B. Malaescu80, Pa. Malecki39, V.P. Maleev123, F. Malek55, U. Mallik63, D. Malon6, C. Malone143, S. Maltezos10, V.M. Malyshev109, S. Malyukov30, J. Mamuzic42, G. Mancini47, B. Mandelli30, L. Mandelli91a, I. Mandi´c75, J. Maneira126a,126b, L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho24b, J. Manjarres Ramos159b, A. Mann100, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis9, B. Mansoulie136, R. Mantifel87, M. Mantoani54, S. Manzoni91a,91b, L. Mapelli30, L. March145c, G. Marchiori80, M. Marcisovsky127, M. Marjanovic13, D.E. Marley89, F. Marroquim24a, S.P. Marsden84, Z. Marshall15, L.F. Marti17, S. Marti-Garcia167, B. Martin90, T.A. Martin170, V.J. Martin46, B. Martin dit Latour14, M. Martinez12,q, S. Martin-Haugh131, V.S. Martoiu26b, A.C. Martyniuk78, M. Marx138, F. Marzano132a, A. Marzin30, L. Masetti83, T. Mashimo155, R. Mashinistov96, J. Masik84, A.L. Maslennikov109,c, I. Massa20a,20b, L. Massa20a,20b, P. Mastrandrea5, A. Mastroberardino37a,37b, T. Masubuchi155, P. M¨attig175, J. Mattmann83, J. Maurer26b, S.J. Maxfield74, D.A. Maximov109,c, R. Mazini151, S.M. Mazza91a,91b, G. Mc Goldrick158, S.P. Mc Kee89, A. McCarn89, R.L. McCarthy148, T.G. McCarthy29, K.W. McFarlane56,∗, J.A. Mcfayden78, G. Mchedlidze54, S.J. McMahon131, R.A. McPherson169,l, M. Medinnis42, S. Meehan138, S. Mehlhase100, A. Mehta74, K. Meier58a, – 36 – JHEP03(2016)127 C. Meineck100, B. Meirose41, B.R. Mellado Garcia145c, F. Meloni17, A. Mengarelli20a,20b, S. Menke101, E. Meoni161, K.M. Mercurio57, S. Mergelmeyer16, P. Mermod49, L. Merola104a,104b, C. Meroni91a, F.S. Merritt31, A. Messina132a,132b, J. Metcalfe6, A.S. Mete163, C. Meyer83, C. Meyer122, J-P. Meyer136, J. Meyer107, H. Meyer Zu Theenhausen58a, R.P. Middleton131, S. Miglioranzi164a,164c, L. Mijovi´c21, G. Mikenberg172, M. Mikestikova127, M. Mikuˇz75, M. Milesi88, A. Milic30, D.W. Miller31, C. Mills46, A. Milov172, D.A. Milstead146a,146b, A.A. Minaenko130, Y. Minami155, I.A. Minashvili65, A.I. Mincer110, B. Mindur38a, M. Mineev65, Y. Ming173, L.M. Mir12, K.P. Mistry122, T. Mitani171, J. Mitrevski100, V.A. Mitsou167, A. Miucci49, P.S. Miyagawa139, J.U. Mj¨ornmark81, T. Moa146a,146b, K. Mochizuki85, S. Mohapatra35, W. Mohr48, S. Molander146a,146b, R. Moles-Valls21, R. Monden68, M.C. Mondragon90, K. M¨onig42, C. Monini55, J. Monk36, E. Monnier85, A. Montalbano148, J. Montejo Berlingen30, F. Monticelli71, S. Monzani132a,132b, R.W. Moore3, N. Morange117, D. Moreno162, M. Moreno Ll´acer54, P. Morettini50a, D. Mori142, T. Mori155, M. Morii57, M. Morinaga155, V. Morisbak119, S. Moritz83, A.K. Morley150, G. Mornacchi30, J.D. Morris76, S.S. Mortensen36, A. Morton53, L. Morvaj148, M. Mosidze51b, J. Moss143, K. Motohashi157, R. Mount143, E. Mountricha25, S.V. Mouraviev96,∗, E.J.W. Moyse86, S. Muanza85, R.D. Mudd18, F. Mueller101, J. Mueller125, R.S.P. Mueller100, T. Mueller28, D. Muenstermann72, P. Mullen53, G.A. Mullier17, F.J. Munoz Sanchez84, J.A. Murillo Quijada18, W.J. Murray170,131, H. Musheghyan54, A.G. Myagkov130,ae, M. Myska128, B.P. Nachman143, O. Nackenhorst49, J. Nadal54, K. Nagai120, R. Nagai157, Y. Nagai85, K. Nagano66, Y. Nagasaka59, K. Nagata160, M. Nagel101, E. Nagy85, A.M. Nairz30, Y. Nakahama30, K. Nakamura66, T. Nakamura155, I. Nakano112, H. Namasivayam41, R.F. Naranjo Garcia42, R. Narayan31, D.I. Narrias Villar58a, T. Naumann42, G. Navarro162, R. Nayyar7, H.A. Neal89, P.Yu. Nechaeva96, T.J. Neep84, P.D. Nef143, A. Negri121a,121b, M. Negrini20a, S. Nektarijevic106, C. Nellist117, A. Nelson163, S. Nemecek127, P. Nemethy110, A.A. Nepomuceno24a, M. Nessi30,af , M.S. Neubauer165, M. Neumann175, R.M. Neves110, P. Nevski25, P.R. Newman18, D.H. Nguyen6, R.B. Nickerson120, R. Nicolaidou136, B. Nicquevert30, J. Nielsen137, N. Nikiforou35, A. Nikiforov16, V. Nikolaenko130,ae, I. Nikolic-Audit80, K. Nikolopoulos18, J.K. Nilsen119, P. Nilsson25, Y. Ninomiya155, A. Nisati132a, R. Nisius101, T. Nobe155, L. Nodulman6, M. Nomachi118, I. Nomidis29, T. Nooney76, S. Norberg113, M. Nordberg30, O. Novgorodova44, S. Nowak101, M. Nozaki66, L. Nozka115, K. Ntekas10, E. Nurse78, F. Nuti88, F. O’grady7, D.C. O’Neil142, V. O’Shea53, F.G. Oakham29,d, H. Oberlack101, T. Obermann21, J. Ocariz80, A. Ochi67, I. Ochoa35, J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux32a, S. Oda70, S. Odaka66, H. Ogren61, A. Oh84, S.H. Oh45, C.C. Ohm15, H. Ohman166, H. Oide30, W. Okamura118, H. Okawa160, Y. Okumura31, T. Okuyama66, A. Olariu26b, S.A. Olivares Pino46, D. Oliveira Damazio25, A. Olszewski39, J. Olszowska39, A. Onofre126a,126e, K. Onogi103, P.U.E. Onyisi31,t, C.J. Oram159a, M.J. Oreglia31, Y. Oren153, D. Orestano134a,134b, N. Orlando154, C. Oropeza Barrera53, R.S. Orr158, B. Osculati50a,50b, R. Ospanov84, G. Otero y Garzon27, H. Otono70, M. Ouchrif135d, F. Ould-Saada119, A. Ouraou136, K.P. Oussoren107, Q. Ouyang33a, A. Ovcharova15, M. Owen53, R.E. Owen18, V.E. Ozcan19a, N. Ozturk8, K. Pachal142, A. Pacheco Pages12, C. Padilla Aranda12, M. Pag´aˇcov´a48, S. Pagan Griso15, E. Paganis139, F. Paige25, P. Pais86, K. Pajchel119, G. Palacino159b, S. Palestini30, M. Palka38b, D. Pallin34, A. Palma126a,126b, Y.B. Pan173, E.St. Panagiotopoulou10, C.E. Pandini80, J.G. Panduro Vazquez77, P. Pani146a,146b, S. Panitkin25, D. Pantea26b, L. Paolozzi49, Th.D. Papadopoulou10, K. Papageorgiou154, A. Paramonov6, D. Paredes Hernandez176, M.A. Parker28, K.A. Parker139, F. Parodi50a,50b, J.A. Parsons35, U. Parzefall48, V. Pascuzzi158, E. Pasqualucci132a, S. Passaggio50a, F. Pastore134a,134b,∗, Fr. Pastore77, G. P´asztor29, S. Pataraia175, N.D. Patel150, J.R. Pater84, T. Pauly30, J. Pearce169, B. Pearson113, L.E. Pedersen36, M. Pedersen119, S. Pedraza Lopez167, R. Pedro126a,126b, – 37 – JHEP03(2016)127 S.V. Peleganchuk109,c, D. Pelikan166, O. Penc127, C. Peng33a, H. Peng33b, B. Penning31, J. Penwell61, D.V. Perepelitsa25, E. Perez Codina159a, M.T. P´erez Garc´ıa-Esta˜n167, L. Perini91a,91b, H. Pernegger30, S. Perrella104a,104b, R. Peschke42, V.D. Peshekhonov65, K. Peters30, R.F.Y. Peters84, B.A. Petersen30, T.C. Petersen36, E. Petit42, A. Petridis1, C. Petridou154, P. Petroff117, E. Petrolo132a, F. Petrucci134a,134b, N.E. Pettersson157, A. Peyaud136, R. Pezoa32b, P.W. Phillips131, G. Piacquadio143, E. Pianori170, A. Picazio86, E. Piccaro76, M. Piccinini20a,20b, M.A. Pickering120, R. Piegaia27, D.T. Pignotti111, J.E. Pilcher31, A.D. Pilkington84, A.W.J. Pin84, J. Pina126a,126b,126d, M. Pinamonti164a,164c,ag, J.L. Pinfold3, A. Pingel36, S. Pires80, H. Pirumov42, M. Pitt172, L. Plazak144a, M.-A. Pleier25, V. Pleskot83, E. Plotnikova65, P. Plucinski146a,146b, D. Pluth64, R. Poettgen146a,146b, L. Poggioli117, D. Pohl21, G. Polesello121a, A. Poley42, A. Policicchio37a,37b, R. Polifka158, A. Polini20a, C.S. Pollard53, V. Polychronakos25, K. Pomm`es30, L. Pontecorvo132a, B.G. Pope90, G.A. Popeneciu26c, D.S. Popovic13, A. Poppleton30, S. Pospisil128, K. Potamianos15, I.N. Potrap65, C.J. Potter28, C.T. Potter116, G. Poulard30, J. Poveda30, V. Pozdnyakov65, M.E. Pozo Astigarraga30, P. Pralavorio85, A. Pranko15, S. Prasad30, S. Prell64, D. Price84, L.E. Price6, M. Primavera73a, S. Prince87, M. Proissl46, K. Prokofiev60c, F. Prokoshin32b, E. Protopapadaki136, S. Protopopescu25, J. Proudfoot6, M. Przybycien38a, D. Puddu134a,134b, E. Pueschel86, D. Puldon148, M. Purohit25,ah, P. Puzo117, J. Qian89, G. Qin53, Y. Qin84, A. Quadt54, D.R. Quarrie15, W.B. Quayle164a,164b, M. Queitsch-Maitland84, D. Quilty53, S. Raddum119, V. Radeka25, V. Radescu42, S.K. Radhakrishnan148, P. Radloff116, P. Rados88, F. Ragusa91a,91b, G. Rahal178, S. Rajagopalan25, M. Rammensee30, C. Rangel-Smith166, F. Rauscher100, S. Rave83, T. Ravenscroft53, M. Raymond30, A.L. Read119, N.P. Readioff74, D.M. Rebuzzi121a,121b, A. Redelbach174, G. Redlinger25, R. Reece137, K. Reeves41, L. Rehnisch16, J. Reichert122, H. Reisin27, C. Rembser30, H. Ren33a, M. Rescigno132a, S. Resconi91a, O.L. Rezanova109,c, P. Reznicek129, R. Rezvani95, R. Richter101, S. Richter78, E. Richter-Was38b, O. Ricken21, M. Ridel80, P. Rieck16, C.J. Riegel175, J. Rieger54, O. Rifki113, M. Rijssenbeek148, A. Rimoldi121a,121b, L. Rinaldi20a, B. Risti´c49, E. Ritsch30, I. Riu12, F. Rizatdinova114, E. Rizvi76, S.H. Robertson87,l, A. Robichaud-Veronneau87, D. Robinson28, J.E.M. Robinson42, A. Robson53, C. Roda124a,124b, A. Rodriguez Perez12, S. Roe30, C.S. Rogan57, O. Røhne119, A. Romaniouk98, M. Romano20a,20b, S.M. Romano Saez34, E. Romero Adam167, N. Rompotis138, M. Ronzani48, L. Roos80, E. Ros167, S. Rosati132a, K. Rosbach48, P. Rose137, O. Rosenthal141, V. Rossetti146a,146b, E. Rossi104a,104b, L.P. Rossi50a, J.H.N. Rosten28, R. Rosten138, M. Rotaru26b, I. Roth172, J. Rothberg138, D. Rousseau117, C.R. Royon136, A. Rozanov85, Y. Rozen152, X. Ruan145c, F. Rubbo143, I. Rubinskiy42, V.I. Rud99, C. Rudolph44, M.S. Rudolph158, F. R¨uhr48, A. Ruiz-Martinez30, Z. Rurikova48, N.A. Rusakovich65, A. Ruschke100, H.L. Russell138, J.P. Rutherfoord7, N. Ruthmann30, Y.F. Ryabov123, M. Rybar165, G. Rybkin117, N.C. Ryder120, A. Ryzhov130, A.F. Saavedra150, G. Sabato107, S. Sacerdoti27, H.F-W. Sadrozinski137, R. Sadykov65, F. Safai Tehrani132a, P. Saha108, M. Sahinsoy58a, M. Saimpert136, T. Saito155, H. Sakamoto155, Y. Sakurai171, G. Salamanna134a,134b, A. Salamon133a, J.E. Salazar Loyola32b, M. Saleem113, D. Salek107, P.H. Sales De Bruin138, D. Salihagic101, A. Salnikov143, J. Salt167, D. Salvatore37a,37b, F. Salvatore149, A. Salvucci60a, A. Salzburger30, D. Sammel48, D. Sampsonidis154, A. Sanchez104a,104b, J. S´anchez167, V. Sanchez Martinez167, H. Sandaker119, R.L. Sandbach76, H.G. Sander83, M.P. Sanders100, M. Sandhoff175, C. Sandoval162, R. Sandstroem101, D.P.C. Sankey131, M. Sannino50a,50b, A. Sansoni47, C. Santoni34, R. Santonico133a,133b, H. Santos126a, I. Santoyo Castillo149, K. Sapp125, A. Sapronov65, J.G. Saraiva126a,126d, B. Sarrazin21, O. Sasaki66, Y. Sasaki155, K. Sato160, G. Sauvage5,∗, E. Sauvan5, G. Savage77, P. Savard158,d, C. Sawyer131, L. Sawyer79,p, J. Saxon31, C. Sbarra20a, A. Sbrizzi20a,20b, T. Scanlon78, D.A. Scannicchio163, M. Scarcella150, V. Scarfone37a,37b, – 38 – JHEP03(2016)127 J. Schaarschmidt172, P. Schacht101, D. Schaefer30, R. Schaefer42, J. Schaeffer83, S. Schaepe21, S. Schaetzel58b, U. Sch¨afer83, A.C. Schaffer117, D. Schaile100, R.D. Schamberger148, V. Scharf58a, V.A. Schegelsky123, D. Scheirich129, M. Schernau163, C. Schiavi50a,50b, C. Schillo48, M. Schioppa37a,37b, S. Schlenker30, K. Schmieden30, C. Schmitt83, S. Schmitt58b, S. Schmitt42, S. Schmitz83, B. Schneider159a, Y.J. Schnellbach74, U. Schnoor48, L. Schoeffel136, A. Schoening58b, B.D. Schoenrock90, E. Schopf21, A.L.S. Schorlemmer54, M. Schott83, D. Schouten159a, J. Schovancova8, S. Schramm49, M. Schreyer174, N. Schuh83, M.J. Schultens21, H.-C. Schultz-Coulon58a, H. Schulz16, M. Schumacher48, B.A. Schumm137, Ph. Schune136, C. Schwanenberger84, A. Schwartzman143, T.A. Schwarz89, Ph. Schwegler101, H. Schweiger84, Ph. Schwemling136, R. Schwienhorst90, J. Schwindling136, T. Schwindt21, E. Scifo117, G. Sciolla23, F. Scuri124a,124b, F. Scutti88, J. Searcy89, P. Seema21, S.C. Seidel105, A. Seiden137, F. Seifert128, J.M. Seixas24a, G. Sekhniaidze104a, K. Sekhon89, S.J. Sekula40, D.M. Seliverstov123,∗, N. Semprini-Cesari20a,20b, C. Serfon30, L. Serin117, L. Serkin164a,164b, M. Sessa134a,134b, R. Seuster159a, H. Severini113, T. Sfiligoj75, F. Sforza30, A. Sfyrla49, E. Shabalina54, L.Y. Shan33a, R. Shang165, J.T. Shank22, M. Shapiro15, P.B. Shatalov97, K. Shaw164a,164b, S.M. Shaw84, A. Shcherbakova146a,146b, C.Y. Shehu149, P. Sherwood78, L. Shi151,ai, S. Shimizu67, C.O. Shimmin163, M. Shimojima102, M. Shiyakova65, A. Shmeleva96, D. Shoaleh Saadi95, M.J. Shochet31, S. Shojaii91a,91b, S. Shrestha111, E. Shulga98, M.A. Shupe7, P. Sicho127, P.E. Sidebo147, O. Sidiropoulou174, D. Sidorov114, A. Sidoti20a,20b, F. Siegert44, Dj. Sijacki13, J. Silva126a,126d, S.B. Silverstein146a, V. Simak128, O. Simard5, Lj. Simic13, S. Simion117, E. Simioni83, B. Simmons78, D. Simon34, M. Simon83, P. Sinervo158, N.B. Sinev116, M. Sioli20a,20b, G. Siragusa174, S.Yu. Sivoklokov99, J. Sj¨olin146a,146b, T.B. Sjursen14, M.B. Skinner72, H.P. Skottowe57, P. Skubic113, M. Slater18, T. Slavicek128, M. Slawinska107, K. Sliwa161, V. Smakhtin172, B.H. Smart46, L. Smestad14, S.Yu. Smirnov98, Y. Smirnov98, L.N. Smirnova99,aj , O. Smirnova81, M.N.K. Smith35, R.W. Smith35, M. Smizanska72, K. Smolek128, A.A. Snesarev96, G. Snidero76, S. Snyder25, R. Sobie169,l, F. Socher44, A. Soffer153, D.A. Soh151,ai, G. Sokhrannyi75, C.A. Solans30, M. Solar128, J. Solc128, E.Yu. Soldatov98, U. Soldevila167, A.A. Solodkov130, A. Soloshenko65, O.V. Solovyanov130, V. Solovyev123, P. Sommer48, H.Y. Song33b,aa, N. Soni1, A. Sood15, A. Sopczak128, B. Sopko128, V. Sopko128, V. Sorin12, D. Sosa58b, C.L. Sotiropoulou124a,124b, R. Soualah164a,164c, A.M. Soukharev109,c, D. South42, B.C. Sowden77, S. Spagnolo73a,73b, M. Spalla124a,124b, M. Spangenberg170, F. Span`o77, W.R. Spearman57, D. Sperlich16, F. Spettel101, R. Spighi20a, G. Spigo30, L.A. Spiller88, M. Spousta129, R.D. St. Denis53,∗, A. Stabile91a, S. Staerz30, J. Stahlman122, R. Stamen58a, S. Stamm16, E. Stanecka39, R.W. Stanek6, C. Stanescu134a, M. Stanescu-Bellu42, M.M. Stanitzki42, S. Stapnes119, E.A. Starchenko130, G.H. Stark31, J. Stark55, P. Staroba127, P. Starovoitov58a, R. Staszewski39, P. Steinberg25, B. Stelzer142, H.J. Stelzer30, O. Stelzer-Chilton159a, H. Stenzel52, G.A. Stewart53, J.A. Stillings21, M.C. Stockton87, M. Stoebe87, G. Stoicea26b, P. Stolte54, S. Stonjek101, A.R. Stradling8, A. Straessner44, M.E. Stramaglia17, J. Strandberg147, S. Strandberg146a,146b, A. Strandlie119, M. Strauss113, P. Strizenec144b, R. Str¨ohmer174, D.M. Strom116, R. Stroynowski40, A. Strubig106, S.A. Stucci17, B. Stugu14, N.A. Styles42, D. Su143, J. Su125, R. Subramaniam79, S. Suchek58a, Y. Sugaya118, M. Suk128, V.V. Sulin96, S. Sultansoy4c, T. Sumida68, S. Sun57, X. Sun33a, J.E. Sundermann48, K. Suruliz149, G. Susinno37a,37b, M.R. Sutton149, S. Suzuki66, M. Svatos127, M. Swiatlowski31, I. Sykora144a, T. Sykora129, D. Ta48, C. Taccini134a,134b, K. Tackmann42, J. Taenzer158, A. Taffard163, R. Tafirout159a, N. Taiblum153, H. Takai25, R. Takashima69, H. Takeda67, T. Takeshita140, Y. Takubo66, M. Talby85, A.A. Talyshev109,c, J.Y.C. Tam174, K.G. Tan88, J. Tanaka155, R. Tanaka117, S. Tanaka66, B.B. Tannenwald111, S. Tapia Araya32b, S. Tapprogge83, S. Tarem152, F. Tarrade29, G.F. Tartarelli91a, P. Tas129, M. Tasevsky127, T. Tashiro68, – 39 – JHEP03(2016)127 E. Tassi37a,37b, A. Tavares Delgado126a,126b, Y. Tayalati135d, A.C. Taylor105, F.E. Taylor94, G.N. Taylor88, P.T.E. Taylor88, W. Taylor159b, F.A. Teischinger30, P. Teixeira-Dias77, K.K. Temming48, D. Temple142, H. Ten Kate30, P.K. Teng151, J.J. Teoh118, F. Tepel175, S. Terada66, K. Terashi155, J. Terron82, S. Terzo101, M. Testa47, R.J. Teuscher158,l, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer85, J.P. Thomas18, J. Thomas-Wilsker77, E.N. Thompson35, P.D. Thompson18, R.J. Thompson84, A.S. Thompson53, L.A. Thomsen176, E. Thomson122, M. Thomson28, M.J. Tibbetts15, R.E. Ticse Torres85, V.O. Tikhomirov96,ak, Yu.A. Tikhonov109,c, S. Timoshenko98, E. Tiouchichine85, P. Tipton176, S. Tisserant85, K. Todome157, T. Todorov5,∗, S. Todorova-Nova129, J. Tojo70, S. Tok´ar144a, K. Tokushuku66, K. Tollefson90, E. Tolley57, L. Tomlinson84, M. Tomoto103, L. Tompkins143,al, K. Toms105, B. Tong57, E. Torrence116, H. Torres142, E. Torr´o Pastor138, J. Toth85,am, F. Touchard85, D.R. Tovey139, T. Trefzger174, L. Tremblet30, A. Tricoli30, I.M. Trigger159a, S. Trincaz-Duvoid80, M.F. Tripiana12, W. Trischuk158, B. Trocm´e55, C. Troncon91a, M. Trottier-McDonald15, M. Trovatelli169, L. Truong164a,164c, M. Trzebinski39, A. Trzupek39, C. Tsarouchas30, J.C-L. Tseng120, P.V. Tsiareshka92, D. Tsionou154, G. Tsipolitis10, N. Tsirintanis9, S. Tsiskaridze12, V. Tsiskaridze48, E.G. Tskhadadze51a, K.M. Tsui60a, I.I. Tsukerman97, V. Tsulaia15, S. Tsuno66, D. Tsybychev148, A. Tudorache26b, V. Tudorache26b, A.N. Tuna57, S.A. Tupputi20a,20b, S. Turchikhin99,aj , D. Turecek128, D. Turgeman172, R. Turra91a,91b, A.J. Turvey40, P.M. Tuts35, A. Tykhonov49, M. Tylmad146a,146b, M. Tyndel131, I. Ueda155, R. Ueno29, M. Ughetto146a,146b, F. Ukegawa160, G. Unal30, A. Undrus25, G. Unel163, F.C. Ungaro88, Y. Unno66, C. Unverdorben100, J. Urban144b, P. Urquijo88, P. Urrejola83, G. Usai8, A. Usanova62, L. Vacavant85, V. Vacek128, B. Vachon87, C. Valderanis83, N. Valencic107, S. Valentinetti20a,20b, A. Valero167, L. Valery12, S. Valkar129, S. Vallecorsa49, J.A. Valls Ferrer167, W. Van Den Wollenberg107, P.C. Van Der Deijl107, R. van der Geer107, H. van der Graaf107, N. van Eldik152, P. van Gemmeren6, J. Van Nieuwkoop142, I. van Vulpen107, M.C. van Woerden30, M. Vanadia132a,132b, W. Vandelli30, R. Vanguri122, A. Vaniachine6, F. Vannucci80, G. Vardanyan177, R. Vari132a, E.W. Varnes7, T. Varol40, D. Varouchas80, A. Vartapetian8, K.E. Varvell150, F. Vazeille34, T. Vazquez Schroeder87, J. Veatch7, L.M. Veloce158, F. Veloso126a,126c, T. Velz21, S. Veneziano132a, A. Ventura73a,73b, D. Ventura86, M. Venturi169, N. Venturi158, A. Venturini23, V. Vercesi121a, M. Verducci132a,132b, W. Verkerke107, J.C. Vermeulen107, A. Vest44,an, M.C. Vetterli142,d, O. Viazlo81, I. Vichou165, T. Vickey139, O.E. Vickey Boeriu139, G.H.A. Viehhauser120, S. Viel15, R. Vigne62, M. Villa20a,20b, M. Villaplana Perez91a,91b, E. Vilucchi47, M.G. Vincter29, V.B. Vinogradov65, I. Vivarelli149, S. Vlachos10, D. Vladoiu100, M. Vlasak128, M. Vogel32a, P. Vokac128, G. Volpi124a,124b, M. Volpi88, H. von der Schmitt101, H. von Radziewski48, E. von Toerne21, V. Vorobel129, K. Vorobev98, M. Vos167, R. Voss30, J.H. Vossebeld74, N. Vranjes13, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic13, V. Vrba127, M. Vreeswijk107, R. Vuillermet30, I. Vukotic31, Z. Vykydal128, P. Wagner21, W. Wagner175, H. Wahlberg71, S. Wahrmund44, J. Wakabayashi103, J. Walder72, R. Walker100, W. Walkowiak141, V. Wallangen146a,146b, C. Wang151, F. Wang173, H. Wang15, H. Wang40, J. Wang42, J. Wang150, K. Wang87, R. Wang6, S.M. Wang151, T. Wang21, T. Wang35, X. Wang176, C. Wanotayaroj116, A. Warburton87, C.P. Ward28, D.R. Wardrope78, A. Washbrook46, P.M. Watkins18, A.T. Watson18, I.J. Watson150, M.F. Watson18, G. Watts138, S. Watts84, B.M. Waugh78, S. Webb84, M.S. Weber17, S.W. Weber174, J.S. Webster6, A.R. Weidberg120, B. Weinert61, J. Weingarten54, C. Weiser48, H. Weits107, P.S. Wells30, T. Wenaus25, T. Wengler30, S. Wenig30, N. Wermes21, M. Werner48, P. Werner30, M. Wessels58a, J. Wetter161, K. Whalen116, A.M. Wharton72, A. White8, M.J. White1, R. White32b, S. White124a,124b, D. Whiteson163, F.J. Wickens131, W. Wiedenmann173, M. Wielers131, P. Wienemann21, C. Wiglesworth36, L.A.M. Wiik-Fuchs21, A. Wildauer101, H.G. Wilkens30, H.H. Williams122, S. Williams107, – 40 – JHEP03(2016)127 al Also at Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford CA, United States of America am Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary an Also at Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, Flensburg, Germany ao Also at University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiay ∗Deceased – 47 –