Documentation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment, Nam Tso, Tibet, 08th of July – 08th of August 2012

UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH Depa men o Mic ome eo ology Documen a ion o he A mosphe ic Bounda y Laye Expe imen , Nam Tso, Tibe 08 h o July – 08 h o Augus 2012 Tobias Ge ken, Ka h in Fuchs, Wol gang Babel Wo k Repo N . 53 Bay eu h, Ma ch 2013 2 A bei se gebnisse, Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie, P in , ISSN 1614-8916 A bei se gebnisse, Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie, In e ne , ISSN 1614-8924 h p://www.baycee .uni-bay eu h.de/mm/ Eigen e lag: Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie Ve iel äl igung: D ucke ei de Uni e si ä Bay eu h He ausgebe : P o . D . Thomas Foken Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab eilung Mik ome eo ologie D-95440 Bay eu h Die Ve an wo ung übe den Inhal lieg beim Au o . 3 Con en s 1. In oduc ion ............................................................................................................ 4 1.1. Desc ip ion o he expe imen ......................................................................... 4 1.2. TiP P ojec * ..................................................................................................... 4 *This pa ag aph is ci ed om Bie mann e al. 2009, wo king epo 41 ....................... 4 2. Expe imen al se up ................................................................................................. 6 2.1. Measu emen si e ............................................................................................. 6 2.2. Ins umen a ion ................................................................................................ 9 2.2.1. Radiosondes ................................................................................................. 9 2.2.2. Tu bulence measu emen complex ........................................................ 12 2.2.3. Radia ion and P ecipi a ion .................................................................... 13 2.2.4. P o ile owe ........................................................................................... 13 2.2.5. Soil measu emen complex .................................................................... 13 3. Si e cha ac e is ics ................................................................................................ 14 3.1. Vege a ion ..................................................................................................... 14 3.2. Soil p ope ies ............................................................................................... 14 4. Wea he condi ions ............................................................................................... 15 5. DVD A chi e ........................................................................................................ 25 6. Li e a u e .............................................................................................................. 26 A. KH20 Calib a ion .......................................................................................... 27 B. Wea he obse a ions .................................................................................... 28 1. Low clouds .................................................................................................... 28 2. Middle clouds ................................................................................................ 36 3. High clouds ................................................................................................... 41 4 1. In oduc ion 1.1. Desc ip ion o he expe imen The expe imen was conduc ed unde he amewo k o TiP (SPP 1372). Du ing he campaign, adiosondes we e launched by he Depa men o Mic ome eo ology o he Uni e si y o Bay eu h. The expe imen ook place a Nam Tso Comp ehensi e Obse a ion and Resea ch S a ion o he Chinese Academy o Science (CAS), a Nam Tso, Tibe , China. The adiosondes deli e e ical p o iles o empe a u e, humidi y, p essu e, wind speeds and di ec ions. Addi ionally, ene gy lux da a by Eddy Co a iance echnique, componen s o he adia ion balance measu emen s o mois u e and empe a u e a 3 m al i ude, wind speeds and di ec ions om a all owe up o 20 m, soil empe a u e, soil mois u e and p ecipi a ion da a we e ob ained om he ITP. Expanding on he Nam Tso 2009 campaign, ha was p ima ily aimed a in es iga ing ene gy and ma e luxes be ween he su ace and he a mosphe e, as a equi emen o unde s anding Asian monsoon a iabili y and o quali y con ol and upscaling pu pose, he goal o his expe imen is o in es iga e he e ical s uc u e o he a mosphe e a Nam Tso Lake basin and o link local/mesoscale a mosphe ic ci cula ion and local con ec ion o he su ace. The measu ed a mosphe ic p o iles and he da a ob ained om ITP will se e o model ini ializa ion and alida ion pu poses wi h he ATHAM (Ac i e T ace High- esolu ion A mosphe ic Model) model ha is in ac i e use and unde u he de elopmen a he Uni e si y o Camb idge, UK. Fu he , he adiosounding da a will be used in o de o in es iga e he bounda y laye de elopmen unde di e en a mosphe ic and wea he condi ions a Nam Tso Lake. 1.2. TiP P ojec * The Ge man Science Founda ion (DFG) p io i y p og am 1372 TiP s udies he Tibe an Pla eau ocusing on he h ee in e linked p ocesses, pla eau o ma ion, clima e e olu ion and human impac and Global Change. This s udy is mo i a ed by he impo ance o he Tibe an Pla eau on a global scale compa able o he impo ance o An a c ica and he A c ic. I s o ma ion had a p o ound impac on he en i onmen al e olu ion a egional and global scales and un il oday di ec ly in luences he habi a o billions o people. Mo eo e , he Tibe an Pla eau, like he Pola Regions, p o es o be pa icula ly sensi i e o an h opogenic Global Change. The di e en in e ac ions and esea ch a eas o di e en subp ojec s a e displayed in Figu e 1-1. *This pa ag aph is ci ed om Bie mann e al. 2009, wo king epo 41 5 Wi hin he p ojec he key p ocesses a e analyzed wi h espec o hei impac on ecosys ems on h ee di e en ime scales. The i s being he Pla eau o ma ion, wi h he upli dynamics and ela ed clima e change du ing he las millions o se e al ens o millions o yea s, he second being he La e Cenozoic clima e e olu ion and en i onmen al esponse du ing he las ens o housands o hund eds o housands o yea s wi h decadal o cen ennial esolu ion. And inally he phase o human impac and Global Change is analyzed ocusing on he p esen s age, he pas ~ 8000 yea s, and pe spec i es o he u u e, Figu e 1-2. Figu e 1-1: Scheme o he di e en esea ch a eas co e ed in he TiP P ojec . Figu e 1-2: Time scales on which he impo ance o p ocesses is analyzed wi hin he TiP P ojec . 6 2. Expe imen al se up 2.1. Measu emen si e The measu emen si e is loca ed a he Nam Tso S a ion o he CAS Nam (N30° 46.44’ E90° 57.72’). The geog aphical loca ion is shown in Figu e 2-1 and Figu e 2-2. Nam Tso S a ion is in a dis ance o 280 m SO o a small lake a he SE side o Nam Tso Lake, which is loca ed a 4730 m a.s.l. and 150 km N o Lhasa. The small lake’s sho e line s e ches o abou 1 km o each side o he si e and in an angle o 232° agains no h. A Nam Tso S a ion si e an Eddy Co a iance (EC) complex is ins alled, which is equipped wi h a CSAT3 and KH20. Addi ionally o he EC S a ion wi h a soil complex, he e is a CNR4 Ne Radiome e as well as a ain gauge. Fu he mo e, he e is a p o ile owe on he expe imen si e. An o e iew o he se up a Nam Tso S a ion is gi en in Figu e 2-3. The whole a ea, which also includes a si e o a en , is enced wi h a one me e high ne ing wi e. Dis ances be ween he di e en de ices and obs acles can be seen in Figu e 2-3 and in Table 2-1. Figu e 2-1: Map o he Au onomous Region Tibe and he PR China. The black do ma king he Nam Tso S a ion, CAS. (modi ied om www.china ou is maps.com) 7 Figu e 2-2: Loca ion o he expe imen al si e inside Tibe . The + ma ks he loca ion o he EC S a ion and he x he loca ion o he Nam Tso S a ion om CAS (modi ied om h p://en.poehali.o g/maps). Figu e 2-3: Map o he measu emen si e a Nam Tso. An o e iew on he dis ances o he EC S a ion is gi en in Table 2-1. 8 Table 2-1: Dis ance on he measu emen si e, as shown in Figu e 2-3. Obs acle Label Dis ance [m] Angle agains no h [°] EC S a ion – Tool shed a 65 305 EC S a ion – G eenhouse b 66 290 EC S a ion – Main building (1) c 76 280 EC S a ion – Sealed su ace d 72 275 EC S a ion – Sola panel e 62 270 EC S a ion – Labo a o y 100 255 EC S a ion – Road g 77 255 EC S a ion – Ga e h 90 215 EC S a ion – Main building (2) i 85 270 EC S a ion – Main building (3) j 135 285 EC S a ion – Building ou side k 130 245 EC S a ion – P o ile owe l 38 60 EC S a ion – Radia ion m 6 38 EC S a ion – Fence n 24 160 9 2.2. Ins umen a ion 2.2.1. Radiosondes The adiosondes we e launched on selec ed days o 00, 06 and 12 UTC, co esponding o 08, 14 and 20 BST o app oxima ely 06, 12 and 18 LST on he si e o Nam Tso S a ion (Figu e 2-4). The launches we e conduc ed 30 minu es be o e he abo e men ioned imes in o de o ake in o accoun he ascen ime and ha e eadings o he mid- oposphe e a he scheduled ime. Vaisala RS92-SGPL sondes wi h Li-Ion ba e ies we e used oge he wi h To ex TA- 600 balloons illed wi h Helium co esponding o a ee li o 1.05 kg. F om launch 12 on, To ex pa achu es we e a ached. The ull componen s o he sounding sys em can be seen in Table 2-3 and 2-4, as well a in Figu e 2-5. The ac o y-p eselec ed wa eleng h o 403.0 MHz was used. Sondes we e econdi ioned be o e launching. Due o a lack o d ying agen in he GC25 no g ound-check was execu ed. Due o a lack o g ound measu emen s, nea -su ace measu emen s o he adiosondes we e used o he p0 le el. The i s sounding (17-07-2012 00UTC) was launched he s a ion pa ame e s o Lhinzi s a ion in he Sys em-Pa ame e se ings o he sounding sys em. This was co ec ed o subsequen launches. Communica ion wi h Vaisala ech-suppo indica ed ha his would ha e an e ec on he esul s o he sounding, such as sonde posi ion and e ical p ocessing o da a. I was he e o e decided o e-simula e he sounding wi h co ec s a ion al i ude and s a ion coo dina es om he bina y d3cb- ile. This was done by Vaisala ech-suppo on 06-03-2013. The esul ing new d3cb- ile and ETD- ile we e placed in o he da a olde wi h he su ix Vaisala. Figu e 2-4: Radiosonde ascen a Nam Tso S a ion Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH 10.07.12 11 WSW, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 25 7 4 8 7 7 / 8 inc easing co e moun ain ops abo e cloud co e TG KF 10.07.12 14 WSW, s ong > 50 > 10 15? 60 5 4 8 / 7 / 9 clea ing om W ain s opped du ing obse a ions, TG KF WB 10.07.12 17 lake, weak >15 45 >10 >20 3 3 1 8 1 6 3 6 inc easing co e TG, KF, WB 10.07.12 20 lake, s ong >15 30? >10 >20 3 7 4 9 7 2 / 0 inc easing co e ain om Cb in W and N, TG KF 11.07.12 8 weak >15 45 >10 >20 16 8 8 5 / / / 0 clea ing ain o e wes e n NyT and wes e n lake, ca. 9 hail and showe , TG 11.07.12 11 lake, weak >15 ? >10 >20 21 8 8 5 / / / 0 clea ing TG KF 11.07.12 14 WSW, weak >15 > 50 >10 >20 1 5 3 9 / 7 / 1 clea ing TG KF 11.07.12 17 W, s ong 10 10 10 10 60 8 8 5 / 0 / / no endency TG KF 11.07.12 20 lake, weak >15 ? >10 >20 3 7 7 5 / / / 8 inc easing co e TG KF 12.07.12 8 S, weak 15 45/1 5 >10 20 1 7 7 9 / 4 / / clea ing Moun ain ops abo e cloud co e (NyT), W clea , else og TG KF 12.07.12 11 E, weak >15 >50 >10 >20 2 3 3 2 / 0 / 0 no endency S+E Cu med mo e om he moun ains o e he plain, dew un il 10h, TG KF 12.07.12 14 lake, mode a e >15 40 ? >10 >20 15 2 2 2 0 4 1 3 no endency Clouds dispe se abo e he lake TG KF 12.07.12 17 lake, mode a e >15 >50 >10 >20 2 1 1 2 / 1 / 0 no endency Cu also abo e he lake, TG KF 12.07.12 20 SE, weak >15 30? >10 >20 3 2 2 5 1 4 1 1 no endency Cloud agmen s abo e he lake, TG KF, 30 min la e Sc mo e om bo h moun ain Con inua ion o Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) 17 Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH chains o he lake 13.07.12 8 WSW, mode a e 10 25 10 20 15 7 7 5 / 5 / / ? moun ain ops co e ed TG KF 13.07.12 11 WSW, weak 15 35 10 15 50 7 6 5 / 7 / / clea ing E: moun ains in he og, TG KF 13.07.12 14 lake, mode a e >15 35 > 10 >20 15 2 2 2 1 6 / 3 Cu de elopmen ain on he moun ains nex o lake, TG 13.07.12 17 changing, weak >15 35 > 10 >20 14 7 3 8 7 1 / 0 inc easing co e TG 13.07.12 20 WNW, gus y >15 30? > 10 20 63 8 8 7 / / / / clea ing mode a e ain, TG 14.07.12 8 SE, weak – mode a e 5-15 25 > 10 10- 15 15 7 6 6 / 4 / / clea ing ain big lake, TG 14.07.12 11 calm 10 25 > 10 15? 63 8 8 5 / / / / ? ain, TG KF 14.07.12 14 lake, s eng hening >15 50/3 0 > 10 >20 3 3 1 2 1 4 1 9 Cu de elopmen TG KF 14.07.12 17 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 7 4 5 7 2 / / Cu de elopmen KF 14.07.12 20 NW, s ong >15 40 > 10 >20 17 8 3 5 8 2 / / Cu de elopmen shel cloud mo es om NyT on he plain, TG 15.07.12 8 S, weak >15 20/3 0 10 15 50 8 8 6 / / / / no endency TG,KF 15.07.12 11 NW, weak 15 30 10 15? 15 8 7 5 / 2 / / no endency TG KF 15.07.12 14 N, weak >15 45 >10 >20 15 6 2 9 5 6 2 9 Cu de elopmen Cu mo e om NyT on he plain, 3-4 Cb in no he n hemisphe e, TG KF 15.07.12 17 NW, weak 15 50 > 10 20 15 5 1 9 2 7 5 3 Cu de elopmen ain in E om Cb, TG KF 15.07.12 20 mode a e- s ong 15 50 > 10 20 15 7 1 9 3 6 / 1 Cu de elopmen hunde s o m in he nigh o e NyT, W and lake, TG KF 16.07.12 8 E, mode a e 15 30 >10 20 0 7 7 6 / 2 / / no endency snow on op o he moun ains in NyT and E, TG KT Con inua ion o Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) 18 Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH 16.07.12 11 SW, mode a e 15 25 >10 15 63 8 8 7 / 2 / / clea ing clea ing in E, KF 16.07.12 14 W, weak >15 30 > 10 >20 15 7 1 2 7 7 / / Cu de elopmen ain in W, Tg KF 16.07.12 17 W, s ong >15 40 > 10 >20 3 7 2 2 7 7 / 1 Cu de elopmen TG 16.07.12 20 SW, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 7 1 2 6 7 / 1 Cu de elopmen TG, KF 17.07.12 8 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 5 / 8 1 1 5 9 ? dew, TG, KF 17.07.12 9 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 5 / 8 1 7 5 9 Cu clea ing TG, KF 17.07.12 10 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 4 1 8 1 5 4 6 Cu de elopmen dew disappea ed, TG, KF 17.07.12 11 N, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 2 2 1 5 3 7 Cu de elopmen Con .o e NyT, TG, KF 17.07.12 12 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 1 2 / 5 2 7 Cu de elopmen 11-12 Cu con de elopmen and dispe sal NyT, TG KF 17.07.12 13 lake, weak >15 > 50 10 15? 3 3 2 9 / 5 / 7 Cu de elopmen NyT hunde , 13:15 hunde NyT, 13:35 s o m be ween s a ion and NyT, sonde ascen s N o he s o m, KF 17.07.12 14 SW, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 1 9 3 6 3 3 Cu de elopmen TG, KF 17.07.12 15 SW, mode a e 3 1 9 3 6 1 3 Cu de elopmen KF 17.07.12 16 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 6 2 3 3 6 / 2 Cu de elopmen TG, KF 17.07.12 17 W, s ong >15 30- 40 > 10 15 15 6 2 3 3 6 6 2 Cu de elopmen ain abo e NyT, TG 17.07.12 18 W, s ong >15 30- 40 > 10 15 15 7 2 8 6 6 / 2 Cu de elopmen ain abo e NyT, TG KF 17.07.12 19 W, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 8 2 8 8 7 / / Cu de elopmen KF 17.07.12 20 W, mode a e >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 8 2 7 8 7 / / no endency ain in E, TG, KF 17.07.12 21 SW, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 7 2 2 7 7 / 8 clea ing KF 18.07.12 8 SE, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 3 1 1 3 5 / 2 KF 18.07.12 9 E, e y weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 6 1 4 6 5 / 2 KF 18.07.12 10 N, e y weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 2 2 2 5 / 2 Ac s un KF Con inua ion o Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) 19 Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH spe sedi, Cu de elopmen 18.07.12 11 changing, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 2 1 5 1 9 Cu de elopmen KF 18.07.12 12 WNW, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 1 9 1 5 1 9 Cu de elopmen KF 18.07.12 13 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 1 9 1 6 1 9 Cu de elopmen KF 18.07.12 14 NW, mode a e >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 1 6 1 9 Cu de elopmen KF 18.07.12 15 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 1 1 9 / 0 1 9 Cu de elopmen ain om Cb in W and on he lake, Cu med abo e lake, TG 18.07.12 16 E, mode a e >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 3 1 9 1 6 3 9 Cu de elopmen Dispe sal o Cu abo e he lake, TG 18.07.12 17 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 3 6 1 9 1 6 6 2 Cu de elopmen TG 18.07.12 18 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 3 1 9 1 6 3 3 clea ing TG 18.07.12 19 lake, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 3 1 9 / 6 3 3 no endency TG 18.07.12 20 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 2 3 1 9 1 6 3 2 no endency TG 19.07.12 7 SE, weak >15 > 50 10 >20 0 7 1 5 1 4 7 2 KF 19.07.12 8 S, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 6 2 5 2 4 5 2 KF 19.07.12 9 SE, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 5 3 5 2 4 3 9 KF 19.07.12 10 SE, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 3 1 2 1 8 2 2 Ci dispe se, mode a e Cu de elopmen KF 19.07.12 11 S, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 2 1 8 1 2 Cu de elopmen , Ci almos dispe sed KF 19.07.12 12 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 4 4 9 1 4 1 9 Cu de elopmen , Ci almos dispe sed KF 19.07.12 13 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 6 6 9 1 6 1 9 Cu de elopmen , Ci almos KF Con inua ion o Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) 20 Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH dispe sed 19.07.12 14 N, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 0 / 1 2 Cu de elopmen , Ci almos dispe sed KF 19.07.12 15 NW, mode a e >15 40 > 10 >20 15 6 2 9 1 6 3 inc easing co e TG 19.07.12 16 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 20 16 7 5 9 / 4 / 2 inc easing co e Rain on he plain, W, E, TG 19.07.12 17 S, mode a e >15 40 > 10 20 29 4 3 2 2 3 8 inc easing co e lake: ain, 30 min ago: hunde s o m a s a ion, TG 19.07.12 18 SW, s ong >15 40 > 10 20 62 7 3 9 7 6 / / no endency TG 19.07.12 19 E, mode a e >15 40 > 10 20 16 7 2 9 7 6 / / no endency ain in NyT, E, TG 19.07.12 20 NyT, s ong >15 40 > 10 20 14 8 / 2 6 6 / 2 no endency TG 19.07.12 21 NyT, s ong >15 40 > 10 20 15 8 1 8 8 8 / / no endency TG 20.07.12 8 S, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 5 1 5 2 8 5 8 KF 20.07.12 9 W, mode a e >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 6 3 1 2 4 2 9 KF 20.07.12 11 W, mode a e- s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 6 3 2 4 2 KF 20.07.12 14 W, s ong >15 40 > 10 20 15 7 5 2 / 4 / 2 Cu de elopmen TG 20.07.12 17 SW, mode a e >15 40 > 10 20 81 6 5 9 / 6 / 5 Cu de elopmen TG 20.07.12 20 SE, s ong >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 7 2 9 6 7 / 2 TG 21.07.12 8 W, s ong 10- 15 10- 15 10 10- 15 50 8 8 6 / / / / no endency TG 21.07.12 11 W, s ong 10- 15 10- 15 10 10- 15 60 8 3 5 8 2 / / clea ing abo e lake: clea ing,TG 21.07.12 14 W, mode a e 15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 7 2 9 6 8 / 3 KF 21.07.12 17 10 > 50 > 10 >20 15 7 2 5 2 7 / 3 inc easing co e om N ain in N, KF 21.07.12 20 S, mode a e >15 30 > 10 >20 15 7 2 8 7 7 / / TG 22.07.12 7 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 5 5 5 / / / / clea ing in W clea ing, TG Con inua ion o Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) 21 Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH 22.07.12 8 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 20 1 7 7 5 / / / / KF 22.07.12 9 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 20 2 7 7 5 / / / / KF 22.07.12 10 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 7 7 8 / / / / KF 22.07.12 11 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 6 6 8 / / / / clea ing in W and N clea ing, KF 22.07.12 12 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 1 2 1 4 / 0 Cu de elopmen Dispe sal o Cu abo e plain, TG 22.07.12 13 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 1 1 2 1 4 / 0 clea ing TG 22.07.12 14 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 1 8 1 2 KF 22.07.12 15 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 14 2 2 9 1 4 1 3 Cu de elopmen TG 22.07.12 16 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 6 1 9 5 7 1 3 inc easing co e TG 22.07.12 17 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 1 7 1 3 KF 22.07.12 18 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 3 2 2 9 1 6 1 3 KF 22.07.12 19 W, mode a e >15 40 > 10 >20 15 6 2 9 6 8 2 inc easing co e Inc easing wind, TG 22.07.12 20 W, s ong 10 40 > 10 >20 3 7 4 9 7 1 / / s ong hunde s o m a he s a ion du ing nigh ime, KF 23.07.12 7 >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 7 7 5 / / / / clea ing KF 23.07.12 8 WSW,weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 7 6 5 / / / / KF 23.07.12 9 WSW,weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 7 7 5 / / / / KF 23.07.12 10 WSW,weak 10 > 50 10 >20 2 7 7 5 / / / / KF 23.07.12 11 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 14 5 5 6 1 4 / 0 clea ing TG 23.07.12 12 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 2 2 9 1 4 / 0 clea ing TG 23.07.12 13 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 2 2 9 1 4 1 2 Cu de elopmen TG 23.07.12 14 N, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 ? 1 1 9 1 4 1 2 Cu de elopmen TG 23.07.12 15 calm >15 40 > 10 >20 15 1 1 9 1 7 / 0 Cu de elopmen TG 23.07.12 16 W, mode a e >15 40 > 10 >20 16 1 1 9 5 7 1 9 Cu de elopmen TG 23.07.12 17 calm >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 6 5 9 / 6 / 3 Cu de elopmen KF Con inua ion o Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) 22 Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH 23.07.12 18 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 14 2 1 2 1 4 / 2 inc easing co e TG 23.07.12 19 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 3 2 9 2 7 / 3 Cu de elopmen KF 23.07.12 20 W, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 15 5 4 9 / 7 / / ain in N, KF 24.07.12 7 E, weak >15 > 50 > 10 >20 0 7 1 1 7 7 / / KF 24.07.12 8 E, mode a e >15 > 50 > 10 >20 1 7 2 5 7 / / Eas : clea ing KF 24.07.12 9 E, weak- mode a e >15 > 50 > 10 >20 2 6 1 2 6 / / Cu con a 7.00 LST! KF 24.07.12 10 E, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 14 7 1 5 6 8 / 9 clea ing TG 24.07.12 11 E, mode a e >15 40 > 10 >20 1 5 3 8 2 8 3 8 clea ing TG 24.07.12 12 E, mode a e >15 40 > 10 >20 ? 7 1 3 / 1 7 8 Cu de elopmen TG 24.07.12 13 SE, mode a e >15 40 > 10 >20 2 7 2 9 6 1 / 9 Cu de elopmen KF 24.07.12 14 S, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 3 6 2 9 6 7 / / Cu de elopmen KF 24.07.12 15 S, weak 10 40 > 10 >20 15 6 2 9 6 1 / 2 Cu de elopmen ain in N, KF 24.07.12 16 E, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 2 7 3 9 7 1 / 2 KF 24.07.12 17 calm >15 40 > 10 >20 15 7 3 9 7 7 / 9 ain in E, KF 24.07.12 18 SW, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 7 6 9 / 7 / 9 ain in E, KF 24.07.12 19 E, s ong >15 40 > 10 >20 16 7 2 9 6 6 / 1 Cu de elopmen app oaching hunde s o m om lake, TG 24.07.12 20 calm >15 30- 40 > 10 >20 25 7 1 9 3 6 3 inc easing co e TG 25.07.12 8 W, weak >15 > 50 10 >20 1 7 3 8 / 7 / / KF 25.07.12 11 25.07.12 14 lake, weak >15 15 > 10 >20 16 8 5 8 / / / no endency TG 25.07.12 17 S, mode a e >15 40 > 10 15? 15 6 1 9 4 5 1 3 TG 25.07.12 20 W, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 53 8 6 5 8 / / KF 26.07.12 8 calm 10 40 10 10 50 8 2 5 8 2 / / ain in S and E, KF 26.07.12 11 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 15 7 7 5 / / / / clea ing snow on he moun ain ops Con inua ion o Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) 23 Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH in NyT and E, TG 26.07.12 14 SW, weak- mode a e >15 30 > 10 >20 3 7 7 8 / 5 / / KF 26.07.12 17 >15 40 > 10 >20 15 8 3 8 8 7 / / KF 26.07.12 20 27.07.12 7 SE, weak >15 30 >10 10 80 8 8 5 / 7 / / no endency TG 27.07.12 8 E, weak >15 35 > 10 10 53 8 7 5 / 7 / / no endency KF 27.07.12 9 E, weak- mode a e 15 30 10 8 65 8 8 5 / / / / no endency KF 27.07.12 10 E, mode a e 10 30 > 10 10 51 8 8 5 / / / / no endency TG 27.07.12 11 N, weak 10 30 > 10 10 62 8 7 5 / 7 / / clea ing TG 27.07.12 12 SE, weak 15 30 10 10 51 7 7 5 / 7 no endency KF 27.07.12 13 W, mode a e >15 30 <10 15 15 7 5 5 / 7 / / no endency KF 27.07.12 14 SE, s ong >15 30 > 10 15 15 5 7 / TG 27.07.12 15 SE, weak >15 30 > 10 15 15 7 3 8 7 7 / / clea ing TG 27.07.12 16 W, weak >15 30 > 10 15 1 7 5 2 7 7 / / KF 27.07.12 17 SW, s ong >15 30 > 10 >20 15 7 2 8 4 / 8 clea ing TG 27.07.12 18 10 30 > 10 >20 15 6 4 9 / 7 / 2 Cu de elopmen KF 27.07.12 19 W, mode a e >15 30 > 10 >20 15 6 3 9 6 7 / 3 KF 27.07.12 20 SW, weak >15 30 > 10 >20 14 6 2 9 / 7 / 3 KF 27.07.12 21 calm >15 30 > 10 >20 14 7 3 9 7 7 / / KF 28.07.12 7 W, weak 10 10 10 10 61 8 8 7 / / / / weak ain, KF 28.07.12 8 S, weak 10 10 10 10 61 7 7 7 / / / / SW clea ing weak ain, KF 28.07.12 9 S, weak 10 10 25 10 63 7 7 7 / 7 / / SW and S clea ing mode a e ain, KF 28.07.12 10 SE, weak >15 30 > 10 >20 1 7 1 7 / / TG: cloud classi ica ion inconsis en be ween KF and Con inua ion o Table 4-1: Wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (NyT e e s o he Nanyang Tangla moun ains, σ o he cloud ac ion in oc a, C o he in e na ional cloud codes, he ime con e sion om BST o LST is -2 hou s) 24 Da e Time Wind Visibili y Key Oc a Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Tendency Rema ks/Obse e BST lake SW NyT NE ww σC σL CL σM CM σH CH TG 28.07.12 11 W, weak >15 15 > 10 >20 15 7 3 5 7 7 / / W and SW clea ing KF 28.07.12 12 lake, weak >15 40 > 10 >20 1 7 1 7 / / clea ing om W TG 28.07.12 13 W, weak- mode a e >15 > 40 > 10 >20 3 7 5 9 / 7 / 9 KF 28.07.12 14 lake, weak >15 30 > 10 >20 1 7 5 / / TG 28.07.12 15 SE, mode a e >15 40 > 10 >20 2 6 5 / / TG 28.07.12 16 S, s ong >15 > 40 > 10 >20 15 6 5 9 / 7 / 9 Cu de elopmen KF 28.07.12 17 SE, s ong >15 30 > 10 >20 15 4 2 2 1 TG 28.07.12 18 SE, mode a e >15 30 > 10 >20 1 3 1 1 1 TG 28.07.12 19 S, mode a e >15 > 40 > 10 >20 3 3 2 9 / 6 / 3 KF 28.07.12 20 calm >15 > 40 > 10 >20 7 1 4 3 inc easing co e , massi e Cb in SW TG 5. DVD A chi e The aw da a and addi ional in o ma ion can be ound in he DVD a chi e o he Depa men o mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h, labeled “Expe imen Nam Tso 2012”. Figu e 5-1: S uc u e o he DVD “Expe imen Nam Tso 2012” (Da a collec ed a Nam Tso in 2012). Con inua ion o able B-1: Low clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) 32 Da e Time Low Clouds Sec o s BST σL CL lake SW NyT NE Azimu h hum, med, con 22/07/12 11 6 8 Sc Sc Sc, Cu hum, med Sc Sc 22/07/12 12 1 2 Cu med, Cu con → Cb Cu med, Cb Cu med , a, con Cu med, con Cu hum 22/07/12 13 1 2 Cu med, Cu con Cu med, Cu con Cu med Cu med, Cu con / 22/07/12 14 2 9 Cb, Cu hum, med, Cu con Cu hum, med, con Cb, Cu hum, med, con, a Cb, Cu hum, med, con, a Cu a 22/07/12 15 2 9 Cb (lake), Cu med, con Cb (lake) Cu hum, med, Cb Cu med, con p e Cu a (dispe sal) 22/07/12 16 1 9 Cu hum, med Cb p e, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cu hum, med, con 22/07/12 17 2 9 Cu hum, med, con Sc Cb, Cu hum, med, con, a Cu hum, med, con, a 22/07/12 18 2 9 Cb, Cu hum, med, a Cb, Cu hum, med, a Cu hum, med, con, a Cu hum, med Cu a 22/07/12 19 2 9 Cu hum, med, Cb p e Cu hum, med, Cb p e Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cu hum, med, Cb p e 22/07/12 20 4 9 Cb, Cu hum, Sc Sc Cb, Cu hum, med, Sc Cu hum Sc 23/07/12 7 7 5 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc 23/07/12 8 6 5 Sc Sc Sc S Sc 23/07/12 9 7 5 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc 23/07/12 10 7 5 Sc p e Sc Sc p e, Cu hum Sc Sc 23/07/12 11 5 6 Cu hum, Cu med, Sc(lake) Sc i g, Cu hum, med Sc, Cu hum Sc, Cu hum, Cu med Sc a 23/07/12 12 2 9 Sc, Cu hum, med, con Cu med, Cu con i g Cu med, con, Cb cal p e Cu a (I.dispe sal) 23/07/12 13 2 9 Cu hum, med, con, Cb inc p e Cb hum, med, con → Cb Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu agmen s 23/07/12 14 1 9 Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu agmen s 23/07/12 15 1 9 Cb inc p e, Sc, Cu hum, med Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, Cu med Cu hum, med, con / 23/07/12 16 1 9 Cb inc p e, Cu hum, med Cb, Cu med, con Cu hum, med Cu med / 23/07/12 17 5 9 Cb, Cu hum, med, Cu hum Cb, Cu hum, med, Cu hum, med, con Con inua ion o able B-1: Low clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) 33 Da e Time Low Clouds Sec o s BST σL CL lake SW NyT NE Azimu h con con 23/07/12 18 1 2 Cu hum, med, con Cu med, con Cu med, con, Cb Cu med / 23/07/12 19 2 9 Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, a Cu a 23/07/12 20 4 9 Cb, Cu hum Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cu a, hum 24/07/12 7 1 1 Cu hum Cu hum Cu a Cu a Cu a, hum 24/07/12 8 2 5 Cu hum Cu a Sc Cu hum 24/07/12 9 1 2 Cu hum Cu hum, con Cu hum, med , a Cu hum, med 24/07/12 10 1 5 Cu hum, med (con) Sc Cu hum Cu hum, med, con Cu e zen 24/07/12 11 3 8 Cu med, con Cu med, con Cu hum, med Cu hum, med Cu ez en, Sc 24/07/12 12 1 3 Cu med, con, Cb cal Cu med, con Cu med, con, Cb Cu hum, med, con p e Cu hum 24/07/12 13 2 9 Cb inc, Cu hum, med, a Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cb p e, Cu hum, med Cu hum 24/07/12 14 2 9 Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med Cu hum Cb, Cu hum Cu a 24/07/12 15 2 9 Cb p e, Cu hum, med Cu hum, med Cu hum, med Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, a 24/07/12 16 3 9 Cb p e, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med Cu a 24/07/12 17 3 9 Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cb, Cu hum, med, con Cb p e, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum 24/07/12 18 6 9 Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, con Cb, Cu hum, med Cb p e, Cu hum, med Cu hum, med 24/07/12 19 2 9 Cu med, a, Sc, Cb Cu med, Cb p e Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu a 24/07/12 20 1 9 Cu hum, med, Cb (dispe sal) Cu hum, Cu a, con Cb inc, Cu hum, med / 25/07/12 8 3 8 Cu a S , Sc S , Cu a Cu a Cu a 25/07/12 11 25/07/12 14 5 8 Cu hum, Ns pan Ns pan p e Ns pan Ns pan Sc 25/07/12 17 1 9 Cu a, Cb (in dispe sal), Cu med, con Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cb inc p e, Cu a Cb inc p e, / 25/07/12 20 6 5 Ns Sc Sc Ns Ns 26/07/12 8 2 5 Cu a S Ns Ns 26/07/12 11 7 5 Sc, Cu a Sc, Cu a Sc, Cu a Sc, Cu a Sc, Cu a 26/07/12 14 7 8 Sc, Cu con Sc, Cu con Cu hum, Sc Sc Con inua ion o able B-1: Low clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) 34 Da e Time Low Clouds Sec o s BST σL CL lake SW NyT NE Azimu h med 26/07/12 17 3 8 Sc, Cu med, a Ns p e, Cu hum Ns p e Sc Sc 26/07/12 20 27/07/12 7 8 5 Sc, Cu a Sc Ns p e Ns Ns 27/07/12 8 7 5 Sc, Cu a Sc Sc, Ns, Cu a Ns p e Ns 27/07/12 9 8 5 Sc, Cu a Sc, Ns Ns Ns p e Ns p e 27/07/12 10 8 5 Ns, S neb Ns pan, Sc Sc, Ns Ns, S neb Ns p e 27/07/12 11 7 5 Ns p e, Sc Cu hum, med, con Ns p e, Sc Ns p e Ns p e 27/07/12 12 7 5 Sc Sc Ns p e Ns p e Ns p e 27/07/12 13 5 5 Sc Sc Ns p e Sc, Ns p e As 27/07/12 14 5 Sc, Cb Sc Ns p e Sc, Ns p e 27/07/12 15 3 8 Cu a, Cu med Sc, Cu a Ns p e Ns, Cu med Cu a 27/07/12 16 5 2 Cu hum, med Cu a Cu a Cu hum, med Cu a 27/07/12 17 2 8 Cu hum, med Cu hum Sc Cu hum, Cu med, Cb Cu con (Plain) 27/07/12 18 4 9 Cb, Cu hum, con Sc Cb p e, Cu hum ,med, con Cu hum, med Cu a 27/07/12 19 3 9 Cu hum, med, con Cu hum Cu hum, med Cb , Cu hum, med, con Cu a 27/07/12 20 2 9 Cb p e, Cu hum, con Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med Cb, Cu hum, med 27/07/12 21 3 9 Cb inc, Cu hum Cu a Cb, Sc Cb, Sc 28/07/12 7 8 7 S S S S S 28/07/12 8 7 7 S S S Ns p e S 28/07/12 9 7 7 S Ns S Ns S 28/07/12 10 1 Cu hum, med Sc Sc Cu hum, med, a 28/07/12 11 3 5 Sc Sc Sc, Cu a Sc 28/07/12 12 1 Cu hum, med Cu hum, med, con Sc Cu med 28/07/12 13 5 9 Cb inc, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Sc, Cu hum, med Sc, Cu hum, med Sc 28/07/12 14 5 Cu hum med con Cu med con, Cb Sc Cu hum med Sc 28/07/12 15 5 Cb inc, Cu hum, med, con Cb inc, Cu hum, med, con Sc Cu hum med con Sc 28/07/12 16 5 9 Cb inc p e, Cu hum, med, con Cb inc, Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, med, con Cu hum, a 28/07/12 17 2 Cb inc (dispe sal), Cu hum, med Cu hum, Sc Sc, Cu hum Cu hum, med Con inua ion o able B-1: Low clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) 35 Da e Time Low Clouds Sec o s BST σL CL lake SW NyT NE Azimu h 28/07/12 18 1 Cb cal, Cu hum, med, con Cb cal, Cu med, con Cu hum, med Cu hum, med, con Cu hum (dispe sal) 28/07/12 19 2 9 Cu hum, con Cu a, hum Cu hum, med, con, a Cb inc, Cu hum, med Cu hum 28/07/12 20 1 Cu hum, med, con, Cb Cb inc Cu con Cu med, con, Cb mam Table B-1: Low clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) 2. Middle clouds Table B-2: Middle clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) Da e Time Middle Clouds Sec o s BST σM CM lake SW NyT NE Azimu h 10/07/12 11 7 7 As Ac → As Ac → As Ac → As As ansl. 10/07/12 14 / 7 Ac (se e al laye s) As/ Ns As As, Ac 10/07/12 17 1 6 Ac As → Ac Ac aus Cb Ac aus Cb 10/07/12 20 7 2 As As As As 11/07/12 8 / / 11/07/12 11 / / 11/07/12 14 / 7 As Ac, As As 11/07/12 17 / 0 11/07/12 20 / / As 12/07/12 8 / 4 Ac 12/07/12 11 / 0 12/07/12 14 0 4 Ac len 12/07/12 17 / 1 As 12/07/12 20 1 4 Ac As Ac Ac 13/07/12 8 / 5 Ac 13/07/12 11 / 7 Ac Ac 13/07/12 14 1 6 Ac Ac cum As Ac , As 13/07/12 17 7 1 As ans. As ans i g. As As As ansl. 13/07/12 20 / / 14/07/12 8 / 4 Ac 14/07/12 11 / / 14/07/12 14 1 4 Ac len Ac len, Ac Ac len 14/07/12 17 7 2 As, Ac As, Ac As As As 14/07/12 20 8 2 Ac len, As As, Ac i g As As 15/07/12 8 / / 15/07/12 11 / 2 As As 15/07/12 14 5 6 Ac ( abo e lake), Ac s pe l. Ac i g, Ac s pe l Ac s , Ac Ac s 15/07/12 17 2 7 As cum, Ac ( abo e lake) Ac, As cum Ac, As 16/07/12 8 / 2 As 16/07/12 11 / 2 16/07/12 14 7 7 Ac Ac, As Ac Ac Ac s . a, pe l. 16/07/12 17 7 7 Ac, As ans Ac, As Ac Ac, Ac und, As Ac 16/07/12 20 6 7 As, Ac Ac, As Ac Ac Ac s 17/07/12 8 1 1 Ac As As 17/07/12 9 1 7 Ac s As, Ac lo Ac, As Con inua ion o able B-3: High clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) Da e Time Middle Clouds Sec o s BST σM CM lake SW NyT NE Azimu h 17/07/12 10 1 5 Ac s Ac s As Ac (len?) 17/07/12 11 1 5 Ac s Ac s Ac 17/07/12 12 / 5 Ac s 17/07/12 13 / 5 Ac Ac 17/07/12 14 3 6 Ac Ac cum un Ac 17/07/12 15 3 6 Ac cum Ac s cum 17/07/12 16 3 6 Ac cum Ac cum, Ac Ac cum, Ac Ac cum 17/07/12 17 3 6 Ac cum Ac cum, Ac (cas ?) Ac, Ac cum Ac cum Ac s a 17/07/12 18 6 6 Ac cum i Ac cum, As Ac cum Ac cum Ac cum 17/07/12 19 8 7 As, Ac As, Ac As, Ac As, Ac s und As, Ac 17/07/12 20 8 7 As i g, Ac As, Ac s un, len, i As Ac, As 17/07/12 21 7 7 Ac Ac, As Ac As, Ac As 18/07/12 8 3 5 Ac s un Ac s un Ac s un, As Ac s un 18/07/12 9 6 5 Ac s un Ac s un Ac s un Ac s un Ac s un 18/07/12 10 2 5 Ac s un Ac s un Ac s un Ac s un 18/07/12 11 1 5 Ac s Ac s 18/07/12 12 1 5 Ac s un 18/07/12 13 1 6 Ac cum Ac 18/07/12 14 1 6 Ac cum Ac cum Ac cum Ac cum 18/07/12 15 / 0 18/07/12 16 1 6 Ac s und Ac cum Ac cum 18/07/12 17 1 6 Ac cum Ac Ac Ac s Ac s 18/07/12 18 1 6 Ac Ac cum Ac cum Ac cum 18/07/12 19 / 6 Ac, Ac cum i Ac cum 18/07/12 20 1 6 Ac cum Ac cum Ac s 19/07/12 7 1 4 Ac Ac Ac Ac 19/07/12 8 2 4 Ac, As Ac 19/07/12 9 2 4 Ac lo i Ac Ac lo 19/07/12 10 1 8 Ac lo As Ac s lo Ac s lo 19/07/12 11 1 8 Ac len, lo Ac 19/07/12 12 1 4 Ac Ac s un 19/07/12 13 1 6 Ac s un, As cum 19/07/12 14 0 / 19/07/12 15 1 19/07/12 16 / 4 Ac 19/07/12 17 2 Ac cum Con inua ion o able B-2: Middle clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) 38 Da e Time Middle Clouds Sec o s BST σ M CM lake SW NyT NE Azimu h 19/07/12 18 7 6 Ac cum Ac cum ans Ac Ac len, Ac cum Ac cum ansl 19/07/12 19 7 6 Ac cum s Ac cum i Ac cum 19/07/12 20 6 6 Ac len, Ac s i Ac len, und, s Ac und, len, s Ac len, un, lo Ac s 19/07/12 21 8 8 Ac lo, As Ac lo, As Ac lo, As As/Ns Ac lo, As 20/07/12 8 2 8 Ac len, lo Ac a, len Ac len 20/07/12 9 2 4 Ac Ac Ac len Ac len 20/07/12 11 2 4 Ac Ac Ac len Ac len 20/07/12 14 / 4 Ac len 20/07/12 17 / 6 Ac s Ac cum, Ac 20/07/12 20 6 7 As Ac s und Ac Ac s und, Ac 21/07/12 8 / / 21/07/12 11 8 2 As As As p e As As 21/07/12 14 6 8 Ac As Ac lo Ac s un Ac lo 21/07/12 17 2 7 Ac, As Ac i Ac Ac lo 21/07/12 20 7 7 Ac, Ac s Ac/As p e Ac/As Ac/As und 22/07/12 7 / / Ac/As Ac/As 22/07/12 8 / / 22/07/12 9 / / 22/07/12 10 / / 22/07/12 11 / / 22/07/12 12 1 4 Ac s 22/07/12 13 1 4 Ac len Ac 22/07/12 14 1 8 Ac len, Ac lo i 22/07/12 15 1 4 Ac len, Ac 22/07/12 16 5 7 Ac s Ac s , Ac Ac len , Ac a 22/07/12 17 1 7 As As, Ac Ac a 22/07/12 18 1 6 As cum As cum As cum 22/07/12 19 6 8 Ac s i , Ac Ac s , Ac lo Ac s Ac s 22/07/12 20 7 1 As As 23/07/12 7 / / 23/07/12 8 / / 23/07/12 9 / / 23/07/12 10 / / 23/07/12 11 1 4 Ac s Ac Ac lo 23/07/12 12 1 4 Ac len Ac Ac 23/07/12 13 1 4 Ac Ac 23/07/12 14 1 4 Ac s Con inua ion o able B-2: Middle clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) 39 Da e Time Middle Clouds Sec o s BST σM CM lake SW NyT NE Azimu h 23/07/12 15 1 7 Ac Ac cum 23/07/12 16 5 7 Ac Ac Ac Ac cum 23/07/12 17 / 6 Ac a Ac s un Ac Ac cum Ac s 23/07/12 18 1 4 Ac, Ac i Ac Ac Ac s un / 23/07/12 19 2 7 Ac lo i ,Ac s un As, Ac s un Ac s un As 23/07/12 20 / 7 Ac a As Ac a Ac a 24/07/12 7 7 7 Ac s a Ac a, As Ac a Ac a Ac a 24/07/12 8 7 Ac s a Ac s Ac s a Ac s , a Ac a 24/07/12 9 6 Ac s Ac s Ac s a Ac s a Ac a 24/07/12 10 6 8 Ac s lo Ac s lo Ac s lo Ac s lo Ac s lo 24/07/12 11 2 8 Ac s lo Ac s un 24/07/12 12 / 1 Ac 24/07/12 13 6 1 As cum As As As 24/07/12 14 6 7 Ac lo i , As Ac s un, As As As As 24/07/12 15 6 1 As As As As 24/07/12 16 7 1 As As As As As 24/07/12 17 7 7 Ac s un, As As, Ac lo i As As As 24/07/12 18 / 7 As, Ac cum As As 24/07/12 19 6 6 As ? Ac s cum Ac s cum Ac s i Ac s 24/07/12 20 3 6 Ac cum Ac s cum Ac s cum, Ac/As Ac len, Ac lo, Ac s cum / 25/07/12 8 / 7 Ac Ac s As 25/07/12 11 25/07/12 14 / Ac s Ac s 25/07/12 17 4 5 Ac s Ac s Ac s cum Ac s 25/07/12 20 8 As As 26/07/12 8 8 2 As As As 26/07/12 11 / / 26/07/12 14 / 5 Ac Ac s un Ac 26/07/12 17 8 7 Ac, As Ac 26/07/12 20 27/07/12 7 / 7 Ac 27/07/12 8 / 7 Ac 27/07/12 9 / / 27/07/12 10 / / 27/07/12 11 / 7 Ac s Con inua ion o able B-2: Middle clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) 40 Da e Time Middle Clouds Sec o s BST σM CM lake SW NyT NE Azimu h 27/07/12 12 / 7 As, Ac Ac s 27/07/12 13 / 7 As, Ac Ac s , As As As 27/07/12 14 7 Ac, As As, Ac Ac s und Ac s un As 27/07/12 15 7 7 As As, Ac s un As As As 27/07/12 16 7 7 Ac s , As Ac s , Ac As As, Ac As 27/07/12 17 4 Ac s , Ac Ac s , Ac Ac s Ac, Ac s Ac 27/07/12 18 / 7 As Ac Ac s Ac s As 27/07/12 19 6 7 Ac s , As Ac len, s , As Ac, As Ac As, Ac 27/07/12 20 / 7 Ac i , As Ac lo, As Ac, As Ac len, s Ac lo 27/07/12 21 7 7 Ac, As Ac, As Ac, As Ac, As Ac lo 28/07/12 7 / / 28/07/12 8 / / 28/07/12 9 / 7 As, Ac Ac 28/07/12 10 7 Ac s und, As As Ac s und Ac s und, Ac 28/07/12 11 7 7 Ac, As p e As, Ac Ac Ac 28/07/12 12 7 Ac s Ac s und Ac s Ac s Ac s 28/07/12 13 / 7 Ac, As Ac s 28/07/12 14 / Ac len 28/07/12 15 / Ac s un 28/07/12 16 / 7 Ac cum As, Ac cum 28/07/12 17 2 Ac Ac s Ac s Ac lo 28/07/12 18 1 Ac cum Ac cum Ac Ac lo 28/07/12 19 / 6 Ac s , Ac cum Ac Ac s Ac cum 28/07/12 20 4 Ac un Ac Ac s Ac s un Ac s un 3. High clouds Table B-3: High clouds, wea he obse a ions a Nam Tso S a ion (σ e e s o he cloud ac ion in oc a) Da e Time High Clouds Sec o s BST σH CH lake SW NyT NE Azimu h 10.07.12 11 / 8 Cs 10.07.12 14 / 9 Cs Ci , Cc 10.07.12 17 3 6 Cs, Ci Cs, Cc Cc aus Cb, Ci/Cs Ci, Cs 10.07.12 20 / 0 11.07.12 8 / 0 11.07.12 11 / 0 11.07.12 14 / 1 Ci 11.07.12 17 / / 11.07.12 20 / 8 Cs Cs 12.07.12 8 / / 12.07.12 11 / 0 12.07.12 14 1 3 Ci spi cum 12.07.12 17 / 0 12.07.12 20 1 1 Ci ib Ci ib 13.07.12 8 / / 13.07.12 11 / / 13.07.12 14 / 3 Ci spis. 13.07.12 17 / 0 13.07.12 20 / / 14.07.12 8 / / 14.07.12 11 / / 14.07.12 14 1 9 Ci unc Ci ib Ci unc Ci ib Ci ib 14.07.12 17 / / Cc 14.07.12 20 / / 15.07.12 8 / / 15.07.12 11 / / 15.07.12 14 2 9 Ci ib Ci ib, Cs Ci ib Cs, Ci ib 15.07.12 17 5 3 Ci spi Ci ib Ci ib, unc Ci ib Ci ib, unc 15.07.12 20 / 1 Ci ib Ci ib 16.07.12 8 / / 16.07.12 11 / / 16.07.12 14 / / 16.07.12 17 / 1 Ci ib 16.07.12 20 / 1 Ci ib Ci ib Ci ib 17.07.12 8 5 9 Ci ib Cc s und Ci ib Ci ib Ci ib 17.07.12 9 5 9 Cc s und Ci ib Ci ib Cs, Cc s und 17.07.12 10 4 6 Cs ib Ci ib Ci ib Ci ib 17.07.12 11 3 7 Cc s und Cc s und Cc s und, Ci ib Cc s und 17.07.12 12 2 7 Cc s und Cs (duenn) 17.07.12 13 / 7 Ci ib Cc s und Ci ib Cc s und 51 Ruppe e al. Whole-ai elaxed eddy accumula ion o he measu emen o iso ope and ace-gas luxes 05/2012 52 Foken Jah esbe ich 2010-11 zum Fö de p ojek 01879 - Un e suchung de Ve ände ung de Konzen a ion on Lu beimengungen und T eibhausgasen im hohen Fich elgebi ge 2007 – 2013 12/2012 53 Ge ken e al. Documen a ion o he A mosphe ic Bounda y Laye Expe imen , Nam Tso, Tibe , 08 h o July – 08 h o Augus 2012 03/2013