body { margin: 0; background: #f3f4f6; overflow-x: hidden; }
    #page-container { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; overflow: visible; max-width: 100%; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto 24px auto; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: visible; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk-content { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk style { display: none !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-placeholder { width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 12px auto; padding: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; color: #6b7280; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded { min-height: 0 !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded > .scieee-lazy-placeholder { display: none; }
    .pf { margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; }
  



/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
/* Part 1: Web Page Layout: Free to modify, except for a few of them which are required by pdf2htmlEX.js, see the comments */
#sidebar { /* Sidebar */
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:250px;
  padding:0;
  margin:0px;
  overflow:auto;
}
#page-container { /* PDF container */
  position:absolute; /* required for calculating relative positions of pages in pdf2htmlEX.js */
  top:0;
  left:0px;
  margin:0; 
  padding:0;
  border:0; /* required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test) */
}
@media screen {
  /* for sidebar */
  #sidebar.opened + #page-container { left:250px; }
  #page-container {
    /* `bottom' and `right' are required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test)
     * alternatively you may set width and height
     */
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
    overflow:auto;
  }
  .loading-indicator {
    display:none;
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    display:block;
    position:absolute;
    width:64px;
    height:64px;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    margin-top:-32px;
    margin-left:-32px;
  }
  .loading-indicator img {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
  }
}
@media print { 
  @page { margin:0; }
  html { margin:0; }
  body { 
    margin:0; 
    -webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; /* enable printing background images for WebKit */
  }
  #sidebar { display:none; }
  #page-container {
    width:auto;
    height:auto;
    overflow:visible;
    background-color:transparent;
  }
  .d { display:none; }
}
/* Part 2: Page Elements: Modify with caution
 * The followings are base classes, some of which are meant to be override by PDF specific classes
 * So do not increase the specificity (e.g. ".classname" -> "#page-container .classname")
 */
.pf { /* page */
  position:relative;
  background-color:white;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin:0; 
  border:0; /* required by pdf2htmlEX.js for page visibility test */
}
.pc { /* content of a page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
  /* set transform-origin for scaling */
  transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;
}
.pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
  display:block;
}
.bf { /* images that occupies the whole page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
.bi { /* images that cover only a part of the page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
@media print {
  .pf {
    margin:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    page-break-after:always;
    page-break-inside:avoid;
  }
  @-moz-document url-prefix() {
    /* fix page truncation for FireFox */
    .pf {
      overflow:visible;
      border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
    }
    .pc {overflow:visible;}
  }
}
.c { /* clip box */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
}
.t { /* text line */
  position:absolute;
  white-space:pre;
  font-size:1px;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override;/* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
  -moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0;/* We don't want Firefox to recognize ligatures */
}
.t:after { /* webkit #35443 */
  content: '';
}
.t:before { /* Workaround Blink(up to 41)/Webkit bug of word-spacing with leading spaces (chromium #404444 and pdf2htmlEX #412) */
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
}
.t span { /* text blocks within a line */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with negative word-spacing and inline-block (pdf2htmlEX #416), so keep normal span inline. */
  position:relative;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override; /* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
}
._ { /* text shift */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with inline element, continuous spaces and word-spacing. Workaround by inline-block. */
  display: inline-block;
  color: transparent;
  z-index: -1;
}
/* selection background should not be opaque, for fallback mode */
::selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
::-moz-selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
.pi { /* info for Javascript */
  display:none;
}
.l { /* annotation links */
}
/* transparent color - WebKit */
.d { /* css drawing */
  position:absolute;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
}
/* for the forms */
.it {
  border: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.0);
}

.ir:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Base CSS END */





/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Fancy styles for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
@keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@-webkit-keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@keyframes swing {
  0%  { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes swing {
  0%  { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@media screen { 
  #sidebar {
    background-color:#2f3236;
    /* modified from http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#crossstripes */
    background-image:url("scieee-document-assets/asset_278c76fec4fbf2399910664b.svg");
  }
  #outline {
    font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;
    font-size:13px;
    margin:2em 1em;
  }
  #outline ul {
    padding:0;
  }
  #outline li {
    list-style-type:none;
    margin:1em 0;
  }
  #outline li > ul {
    margin-left: 1em;
  }
  #outline a,
  #outline a:visited,
  #outline a:hover,
  #outline a:active {
    line-height:1.2;
    color:#e8e8e8;
    text-overflow:ellipsis;
    white-space:nowrap;
    text-decoration:none;
    display:block;
    overflow:hidden;
    outline:0;
  }
  #outline a:hover {
    color:rgb(0,204,255);
  }
  #page-container {
    background-color:#9e9e9e;
    /* http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#thinstripes */
    background-image: url("scieee-document-assets/asset_c60347c0de373fe817019620.svg");
    -webkit-transition:left 500ms;
    transition:left 500ms;
  }
  .pf {
    margin: 13px auto;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 1px #333;
    /* Needed by IE to make box-shadow works * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow */
    border-collapse: separate;
  }
  .pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
    -webkit-animation: fadein 100ms;
    animation: fadein 100ms; 
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    /* 
     * use 0.01s instead of 0s,
     * since YUI Compressor will change 0s to 0,
     * which is not recognized by Firefox
     */
    -webkit-animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
    animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
  }
  .checked {
    background: no-repeat url(scieee-document-assets/asset_58a067f15ffcfc2435a4b346.png);
  }
}
/* Fancy CSS END */





.ff0{font-family:sans-serif;visibility:hidden;}
@font-face{font-family:ff1;src:url('chunks/assets/font_9ffe98cacd9ba307af736a71.woff2')format("woff");}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:0.910645;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff2;src:url('chunks/assets/font_89cc8718b9531f2a976d8425.woff2')format("woff");}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:0.893555;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff3;src:url('chunks/assets/font_8c2fe906e3deb81c2fdfb3e4.woff2')format("woff");}.ff3{font-family:ff3;line-height:0.910156;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff4;src:url('chunks/assets/font_d897279604bb43b5f78b21ea.woff2')format("woff");}.ff4{font-family:ff4;line-height:0.666504;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
.m0{transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000px;}
.ls2{letter-spacing:0.000000px;}
.ls4{letter-spacing:0.150000px;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.166800px;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:30.150000px;}
.ls3{letter-spacing:120.522600px;}
.sc_{text-shadow:none;}
.sc0{text-shadow:-0.015em 0 transparent,0 0.015em transparent,0.015em 0 transparent,0 -0.015em  transparent;}
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){
.sc_{-webkit-text-stroke:0px transparent;}
.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:0.015em transparent;text-shadow:none;}
}
.ws3{word-spacing:-21.016800px;}
.ws0{word-spacing:-20.850000px;}
.ws2{word-spacing:0.000000px;}
.ws4{word-spacing:71.233200px;}
.ws1{word-spacing:75.433200px;}
._b{margin-left:-2.502000px;}
._7{margin-left:-1.000800px;}
._0{width:1.167600px;}
._5{width:2.418600px;}
._4{width:3.669600px;}
._3{width:5.290800px;}
._2{width:6.406800px;}
._c{width:8.340000px;}
._16{width:9.340800px;}
._13{width:10.758600px;}
._1{width:11.926200px;}
._8{width:13.010400px;}
._10{width:14.094600px;}
._d{width:15.095400px;}
._f{width:16.513200px;}
._6{width:19.182000px;}
._12{width:22.101000px;}
._a{width:26.104200px;}
._e{width:29.857200px;}
._11{width:42.405600px;}
._17{width:45.450000px;}
._9{width:52.111800px;}
._14{width:83.149800px;}
._15{width:84.400800px;}
.fc1{color:rgb(5,99,193);}
.fc0{color:rgb(0,0,0);}
.fs0{font-size:83.400000px;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000px;}
.y1{bottom:81.975000px;}
.y4a{bottom:122.175000px;}
.y25{bottom:147.825000px;}
.y49{bottom:150.000000px;}
.y24{bottom:175.575000px;}
.y48{bottom:177.825000px;}
.y23{bottom:203.325000px;}
.y47{bottom:205.575000px;}
.y22{bottom:231.075000px;}
.y46{bottom:233.325000px;}
.y21{bottom:258.825000px;}
.y45{bottom:261.075000px;}
.y20{bottom:286.575000px;}
.y44{bottom:288.825000px;}
.y1f{bottom:314.325000px;}
.y43{bottom:316.575000px;}
.y1e{bottom:342.075000px;}
.y42{bottom:344.325000px;}
.y1d{bottom:369.825000px;}
.y41{bottom:372.150000px;}
.y1c{bottom:397.575000px;}
.y40{bottom:399.900000px;}
.y1b{bottom:425.325000px;}
.y3f{bottom:427.725000px;}
.y1a{bottom:453.075000px;}
.y3e{bottom:455.475000px;}
.y19{bottom:480.825000px;}
.y3d{bottom:483.300000px;}
.y18{bottom:508.575000px;}
.y3c{bottom:511.050000px;}
.y17{bottom:536.325000px;}
.y3b{bottom:538.875000px;}
.y16{bottom:564.075000px;}
.y3a{bottom:566.625000px;}
.y15{bottom:591.825000px;}
.y39{bottom:594.375000px;}
.y14{bottom:619.575000px;}
.y38{bottom:622.125000px;}
.y54{bottom:634.125000px;}
.y13{bottom:647.325000px;}
.y37{bottom:649.875000px;}
.y53{bottom:670.275000px;}
.y12{bottom:675.075000px;}
.y36{bottom:677.625000px;}
.y52{bottom:694.425000px;}
.y11{bottom:702.825000px;}
.y35{bottom:705.375000px;}
.y51{bottom:718.575000px;}
.y10{bottom:730.575000px;}
.y34{bottom:733.125000px;}
.y50{bottom:742.725000px;}
.yf{bottom:758.325000px;}
.y33{bottom:760.875000px;}
.y4f{bottom:766.875000px;}
.ye{bottom:786.075000px;}
.y32{bottom:788.625000px;}
.y4e{bottom:791.025000px;}
.yd{bottom:813.825000px;}
.y4d{bottom:815.175000px;}
.y31{bottom:816.375000px;}
.y4c{bottom:839.325000px;}
.yc{bottom:841.575000px;}
.y30{bottom:844.125000px;}
.y4b{bottom:863.475000px;}
.yb{bottom:869.325000px;}
.y2f{bottom:871.875000px;}
.ya{bottom:897.075000px;}
.y2e{bottom:899.625000px;}
.y9{bottom:924.825000px;}
.y2d{bottom:927.375000px;}
.y8{bottom:952.575000px;}
.y2c{bottom:955.125000px;}
.y7{bottom:980.325000px;}
.y2b{bottom:982.875000px;}
.y2a{bottom:1010.625000px;}
.y6{bottom:1028.625000px;}
.y29{bottom:1038.375000px;}
.y5{bottom:1052.775000px;}
.y28{bottom:1066.125000px;}
.y4{bottom:1076.925000px;}
.y27{bottom:1093.875000px;}
.y26{bottom:1121.625000px;}
.y3{bottom:1125.225000px;}
.y2{bottom:1149.375000px;}
.h2{height:56.523047px;}
.h3{height:57.907617px;}
.h1{height:57.948340px;}
.h0{height:1263.000000px;}
.w0{width:892.500000px;}
.x0{left:0.000000px;}
.x8{left:85.725000px;}
.xa{left:99.225000px;}
.xc{left:112.725000px;}
.x7{left:138.675000px;}
.xe{left:139.725000px;}
.x3{left:141.150000px;}
.x9{left:152.175000px;}
.xb{left:153.225000px;}
.x2{left:181.125000px;}
.x5{left:289.125000px;}
.x6{left:304.950000px;}
.x4{left:337.500000px;}
.xd{left:397.950000px;}
.x1{left:436.350000px;}
@media print{
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000pt;}
.ls2{letter-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ls4{letter-spacing:0.133333pt;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.148267pt;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:26.800000pt;}
.ls3{letter-spacing:107.131200pt;}
.ws3{word-spacing:-18.681600pt;}
.ws0{word-spacing:-18.533333pt;}
.ws2{word-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ws4{word-spacing:63.318400pt;}
.ws1{word-spacing:67.051733pt;}
._b{margin-left:-2.224000pt;}
._7{margin-left:-0.889600pt;}
._0{width:1.037867pt;}
._5{width:2.149867pt;}
._4{width:3.261867pt;}
._3{width:4.702933pt;}
._2{width:5.694933pt;}
._c{width:7.413333pt;}
._16{width:8.302933pt;}
._13{width:9.563200pt;}
._1{width:10.601067pt;}
._8{width:11.564800pt;}
._10{width:12.528533pt;}
._d{width:13.418133pt;}
._f{width:14.678400pt;}
._6{width:17.050667pt;}
._12{width:19.645333pt;}
._a{width:23.203733pt;}
._e{width:26.539733pt;}
._11{width:37.693867pt;}
._17{width:40.400000pt;}
._9{width:46.321600pt;}
._14{width:73.910933pt;}
._15{width:75.022933pt;}
.fs0{font-size:74.133333pt;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000pt;}
.y1{bottom:72.866667pt;}
.y4a{bottom:108.600000pt;}
.y25{bottom:131.400000pt;}
.y49{bottom:133.333333pt;}
.y24{bottom:156.066667pt;}
.y48{bottom:158.066667pt;}
.y23{bottom:180.733333pt;}
.y47{bottom:182.733333pt;}
.y22{bottom:205.400000pt;}
.y46{bottom:207.400000pt;}
.y21{bottom:230.066667pt;}
.y45{bottom:232.066667pt;}
.y20{bottom:254.733333pt;}
.y44{bottom:256.733333pt;}
.y1f{bottom:279.400000pt;}
.y43{bottom:281.400000pt;}
.y1e{bottom:304.066667pt;}
.y42{bottom:306.066667pt;}
.y1d{bottom:328.733333pt;}
.y41{bottom:330.800000pt;}
.y1c{bottom:353.400000pt;}
.y40{bottom:355.466667pt;}
.y1b{bottom:378.066667pt;}
.y3f{bottom:380.200000pt;}
.y1a{bottom:402.733333pt;}
.y3e{bottom:404.866667pt;}
.y19{bottom:427.400000pt;}
.y3d{bottom:429.600000pt;}
.y18{bottom:452.066667pt;}
.y3c{bottom:454.266667pt;}
.y17{bottom:476.733333pt;}
.y3b{bottom:479.000000pt;}
.y16{bottom:501.400000pt;}
.y3a{bottom:503.666667pt;}
.y15{bottom:526.066667pt;}
.y39{bottom:528.333333pt;}
.y14{bottom:550.733333pt;}
.y38{bottom:553.000000pt;}
.y54{bottom:563.666667pt;}
.y13{bottom:575.400000pt;}
.y37{bottom:577.666667pt;}
.y53{bottom:595.800000pt;}
.y12{bottom:600.066667pt;}
.y36{bottom:602.333333pt;}
.y52{bottom:617.266667pt;}
.y11{bottom:624.733333pt;}
.y35{bottom:627.000000pt;}
.y51{bottom:638.733333pt;}
.y10{bottom:649.400000pt;}
.y34{bottom:651.666667pt;}
.y50{bottom:660.200000pt;}
.yf{bottom:674.066667pt;}
.y33{bottom:676.333333pt;}
.y4f{bottom:681.666667pt;}
.ye{bottom:698.733333pt;}
.y32{bottom:701.000000pt;}
.y4e{bottom:703.133333pt;}
.yd{bottom:723.400000pt;}
.y4d{bottom:724.600000pt;}
.y31{bottom:725.666667pt;}
.y4c{bottom:746.066667pt;}
.yc{bottom:748.066667pt;}
.y30{bottom:750.333333pt;}
.y4b{bottom:767.533333pt;}
.yb{bottom:772.733333pt;}
.y2f{bottom:775.000000pt;}
.ya{bottom:797.400000pt;}
.y2e{bottom:799.666667pt;}
.y9{bottom:822.066667pt;}
.y2d{bottom:824.333333pt;}
.y8{bottom:846.733333pt;}
.y2c{bottom:849.000000pt;}
.y7{bottom:871.400000pt;}
.y2b{bottom:873.666667pt;}
.y2a{bottom:898.333333pt;}
.y6{bottom:914.333333pt;}
.y29{bottom:923.000000pt;}
.y5{bottom:935.800000pt;}
.y28{bottom:947.666667pt;}
.y4{bottom:957.266667pt;}
.y27{bottom:972.333333pt;}
.y26{bottom:997.000000pt;}
.y3{bottom:1000.200000pt;}
.y2{bottom:1021.666667pt;}
.h2{height:50.242708pt;}
.h3{height:51.473437pt;}
.h1{height:51.509635pt;}
.h0{height:1122.666667pt;}
.w0{width:793.333333pt;}
.x0{left:0.000000pt;}
.x8{left:76.200000pt;}
.xa{left:88.200000pt;}
.xc{left:100.200000pt;}
.x7{left:123.266667pt;}
.xe{left:124.200000pt;}
.x3{left:125.466667pt;}
.x9{left:135.266667pt;}
.xb{left:136.200000pt;}
.x2{left:161.000000pt;}
.x5{left:257.000000pt;}
.x6{left:271.066667pt;}
.x4{left:300.000000pt;}
.xd{left:353.733333pt;}
.x1{left:387.866667pt;}
}




    .paper-inline-ad { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; overflow: hidden; }
    .paper-inline-ad-label { padding: 6px 10px 0 10px; font: 10px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
    .paper-inline-ad-slot { min-height: 100px; }
    .paper-inline-ad--internal { padding: 0; }
    .paper-internal-promo { padding: 14px 16px 16px 16px; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }
    .paper-internal-promo-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin-bottom: 7px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-body { margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; color: #111827; background: #f9fafb; font-weight: 700; }