body { margin: 0; background: #f3f4f6; overflow-x: hidden; }
    #page-container { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; overflow: visible; max-width: 100%; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto 24px auto; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: visible; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk-content { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk style { display: none !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-placeholder { width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 12px auto; padding: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; color: #6b7280; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded { min-height: 0 !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded > .scieee-lazy-placeholder { display: none; }
    .pf { margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; }
  



/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
/* Part 1: Web Page Layout: Free to modify, except for a few of them which are required by pdf2htmlEX.js, see the comments */
#sidebar { /* Sidebar */
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:250px;
  padding:0;
  margin:0px;
  overflow:auto;
}
#page-container { /* PDF container */
  position:absolute; /* required for calculating relative positions of pages in pdf2htmlEX.js */
  top:0;
  left:0px;
  margin:0; 
  padding:0;
  border:0; /* required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test) */
}
@media screen {
  /* for sidebar */
  #sidebar.opened + #page-container { left:250px; }
  #page-container {
    /* `bottom' and `right' are required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test)
     * alternatively you may set width and height
     */
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
    overflow:auto;
  }
  .loading-indicator {
    display:none;
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    display:block;
    position:absolute;
    width:64px;
    height:64px;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    margin-top:-32px;
    margin-left:-32px;
  }
  .loading-indicator img {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
  }
}
@media print { 
  @page { margin:0; }
  html { margin:0; }
  body { 
    margin:0; 
    -webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; /* enable printing background images for WebKit */
  }
  #sidebar { display:none; }
  #page-container {
    width:auto;
    height:auto;
    overflow:visible;
    background-color:transparent;
  }
  .d { display:none; }
}
/* Part 2: Page Elements: Modify with caution
 * The followings are base classes, some of which are meant to be override by PDF specific classes
 * So do not increase the specificity (e.g. ".classname" -> "#page-container .classname")
 */
.pf { /* page */
  position:relative;
  background-color:white;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin:0; 
  border:0; /* required by pdf2htmlEX.js for page visibility test */
}
.pc { /* content of a page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
  /* set transform-origin for scaling */
  transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;
}
.pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
  display:block;
}
.bf { /* images that occupies the whole page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
.bi { /* images that cover only a part of the page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
@media print {
  .pf {
    margin:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    page-break-after:always;
    page-break-inside:avoid;
  }
  @-moz-document url-prefix() {
    /* fix page truncation for FireFox */
    .pf {
      overflow:visible;
      border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
    }
    .pc {overflow:visible;}
  }
}
.c { /* clip box */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
}
.t { /* text line */
  position:absolute;
  white-space:pre;
  font-size:1px;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override;/* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
  -moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0;/* We don't want Firefox to recognize ligatures */
}
.t:after { /* webkit #35443 */
  content: '';
}
.t:before { /* Workaround Blink(up to 41)/Webkit bug of word-spacing with leading spaces (chromium #404444 and pdf2htmlEX #412) */
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
}
.t span { /* text blocks within a line */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with negative word-spacing and inline-block (pdf2htmlEX #416), so keep normal span inline. */
  position:relative;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override; /* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
}
._ { /* text shift */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with inline element, continuous spaces and word-spacing. Workaround by inline-block. */
  display: inline-block;
  color: transparent;
  z-index: -1;
}
/* selection background should not be opaque, for fallback mode */
::selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
::-moz-selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
.pi { /* info for Javascript */
  display:none;
}
.l { /* annotation links */
}
/* transparent color - WebKit */
.d { /* css drawing */
  position:absolute;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
}
/* for the forms */
.it {
  border: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.0);
}

.ir:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Base CSS END */





/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Fancy styles for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
@keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@-webkit-keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@keyframes swing {
  0%  { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes swing {
  0%  { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@media screen { 
  #sidebar {
    background-color:#2f3236;
    /* modified from http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#crossstripes */
    background-image:url("scieee-document-assets/asset_278c76fec4fbf2399910664b.svg");
  }
  #outline {
    font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;
    font-size:13px;
    margin:2em 1em;
  }
  #outline ul {
    padding:0;
  }
  #outline li {
    list-style-type:none;
    margin:1em 0;
  }
  #outline li > ul {
    margin-left: 1em;
  }
  #outline a,
  #outline a:visited,
  #outline a:hover,
  #outline a:active {
    line-height:1.2;
    color:#e8e8e8;
    text-overflow:ellipsis;
    white-space:nowrap;
    text-decoration:none;
    display:block;
    overflow:hidden;
    outline:0;
  }
  #outline a:hover {
    color:rgb(0,204,255);
  }
  #page-container {
    background-color:#9e9e9e;
    /* http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#thinstripes */
    background-image: url("scieee-document-assets/asset_c60347c0de373fe817019620.svg");
    -webkit-transition:left 500ms;
    transition:left 500ms;
  }
  .pf {
    margin: 13px auto;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 1px #333;
    /* Needed by IE to make box-shadow works * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow */
    border-collapse: separate;
  }
  .pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
    -webkit-animation: fadein 100ms;
    animation: fadein 100ms; 
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    /* 
     * use 0.01s instead of 0s,
     * since YUI Compressor will change 0s to 0,
     * which is not recognized by Firefox
     */
    -webkit-animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
    animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
  }
  .checked {
    background: no-repeat url(scieee-document-assets/asset_58a067f15ffcfc2435a4b346.png);
  }
}
/* Fancy CSS END */





.ff0{font-family:sans-serif;visibility:hidden;}
@font-face{font-family:ff1;src:url('chunks/assets/font_b36fa892e24fbdd3b719ef82.woff2')format("woff");}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:0.938477;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff2;src:url('chunks/assets/font_22b48c9d140a02aea809ce06.woff2')format("woff");}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:0.939453;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
.m0{transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000px;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.000000px;}
.sc_{text-shadow:none;}
.sc0{text-shadow:-0.015em 0 transparent,0 0.015em transparent,0.015em 0 transparent,0 -0.015em  transparent;}
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){
.sc_{-webkit-text-stroke:0px transparent;}
.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:0.015em transparent;text-shadow:none;}
}
.ws0{word-spacing:0.000000px;}
._c{margin-left:-7.480394px;}
._6{margin-left:-5.343742px;}
._1{margin-left:-1.009743px;}
._5{width:4.500001px;}
._3{width:8.999983px;}
._2{width:13.500003px;}
._4{width:18.000003px;}
._0{width:22.249963px;}
._b{width:23.250116px;}
._a{width:26.999997px;}
._9{width:31.500002px;}
._d{width:36.000002px;}
._8{width:40.500014px;}
._7{width:45.000001px;}
.fc0{color:rgb(0,0,0);}
.fs1{font-size:72.000000px;}
.fs0{font-size:83.999997px;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000px;}
.y4f{bottom:118.395991px;}
.y30{bottom:119.736321px;}
.y2f{bottom:150.783684px;}
.y4e{bottom:167.443365px;}
.y2e{bottom:181.831048px;}
.y4d{bottom:198.490728px;}
.y2d{bottom:212.878411px;}
.y4c{bottom:229.538091px;}
.y4b{bottom:260.585454px;}
.y2c{bottom:261.925960px;}
.y18{bottom:289.378606px;}
.y4a{bottom:291.632818px;}
.y2b{bottom:292.973328px;}
.y17{bottom:320.425966px;}
.y49{bottom:322.680181px;}
.y2a{bottom:324.020684px;}
.y29{bottom:355.068052px;}
.y16{bottom:369.473331px;}
.y48{bottom:371.727538px;}
.y28{bottom:386.115419px;}
.y15{bottom:400.520694px;}
.y47{bottom:402.774901px;}
.y27{bottom:417.162780px;}
.y14{bottom:431.568058px;}
.y26{bottom:448.210143px;}
.y46{bottom:451.822261px;}
.y13{bottom:462.615421px;}
.y25{bottom:479.257506px;}
.y45{bottom:482.869636px;}
.y24{bottom:510.304869px;}
.y12{bottom:511.662736px;}
.y44{bottom:531.916990px;}
.y23{bottom:541.352233px;}
.y11{bottom:542.710096px;}
.y43{bottom:562.964358px;}
.y22{bottom:572.399596px;}
.y10{bottom:591.757462px;}
.y42{bottom:594.011714px;}
.y21{bottom:621.446969px;}
.yf{bottom:622.804816px;}
.y41{bottom:625.059082px;}
.y20{bottom:652.494330px;}
.ye{bottom:653.852179px;}
.y40{bottom:656.106449px;}
.y1f{bottom:683.541693px;}
.yd{bottom:684.899499px;}
.y3f{bottom:687.153810px;}
.y1e{bottom:714.589056px;}
.yc{bottom:715.946863px;}
.y3e{bottom:718.201173px;}
.y1d{bottom:745.636419px;}
.yb{bottom:746.994226px;}
.y3d{bottom:749.248536px;}
.y1c{bottom:776.683783px;}
.y3c{bottom:780.295899px;}
.ya{bottom:796.041598px;}
.y1b{bottom:807.731146px;}
.y3b{bottom:811.343263px;}
.y9{bottom:827.088961px;}
.y3a{bottom:842.390626px;}
.y1a{bottom:856.778498px;}
.y8{bottom:876.136326px;}
.y39{bottom:891.437983px;}
.y7{bottom:907.183689px;}
.y55{bottom:917.532721px;}
.y38{bottom:922.485350px;}
.y6{bottom:938.231053px;}
.y54{bottom:948.580081px;}
.y37{bottom:953.532718px;}
.y5{bottom:969.278416px;}
.y36{bottom:984.580078px;}
.y53{bottom:997.627441px;}
.y35{bottom:1015.627441px;}
.y4{bottom:1018.325777px;}
.y52{bottom:1028.674804px;}
.y34{bottom:1046.674804px;}
.y3{bottom:1049.373149px;}
.y51{bottom:1059.722168px;}
.y33{bottom:1077.722167px;}
.y50{bottom:1090.769531px;}
.y2{bottom:1100.781109px;}
.y32{bottom:1108.769531px;}
.y1{bottom:1137.003032px;}
.y31{bottom:1139.816894px;}
.y19{bottom:1139.817077px;}
.h3{height:52.417969px;}
.h2{height:52.488281px;}
.h1{height:61.154295px;}
.h0{height:1263.000000px;}
.w0{width:894.000000px;}
.x0{left:0.000000px;}
.x1{left:106.299213px;}
.x3{left:280.674213px;}
.x2{left:786.614197px;}
.x4{left:791.424213px;}
@media print{
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000pt;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ws0{word-spacing:0.000000pt;}
._c{margin-left:-6.649239pt;}
._6{margin-left:-4.749993pt;}
._1{margin-left:-0.897550pt;}
._5{width:4.000000pt;}
._3{width:7.999985pt;}
._2{width:12.000003pt;}
._4{width:16.000003pt;}
._0{width:19.777745pt;}
._b{width:20.666770pt;}
._a{width:23.999998pt;}
._9{width:28.000002pt;}
._d{width:32.000001pt;}
._8{width:36.000012pt;}
._7{width:40.000001pt;}
.fs1{font-size:64.000000pt;}
.fs0{font-size:74.666664pt;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000pt;}
.y4f{bottom:105.240881pt;}
.y30{bottom:106.432285pt;}
.y2f{bottom:134.029941pt;}
.y4e{bottom:148.838546pt;}
.y2e{bottom:161.627598pt;}
.y4d{bottom:176.436203pt;}
.y2d{bottom:189.225254pt;}
.y4c{bottom:204.033858pt;}
.y4b{bottom:231.631515pt;}
.y2c{bottom:232.823076pt;}
.y18{bottom:257.225427pt;}
.y4a{bottom:259.229172pt;}
.y2b{bottom:260.420736pt;}
.y17{bottom:284.823081pt;}
.y49{bottom:286.826828pt;}
.y2a{bottom:288.018386pt;}
.y29{bottom:315.616046pt;}
.y16{bottom:328.420738pt;}
.y48{bottom:330.424478pt;}
.y28{bottom:343.213706pt;}
.y15{bottom:356.018394pt;}
.y47{bottom:358.022134pt;}
.y27{bottom:370.811360pt;}
.y14{bottom:383.616051pt;}
.y26{bottom:398.409016pt;}
.y46{bottom:401.619787pt;}
.y13{bottom:411.213707pt;}
.y25{bottom:426.006672pt;}
.y45{bottom:429.217454pt;}
.y24{bottom:453.604328pt;}
.y12{bottom:454.811321pt;}
.y44{bottom:472.815102pt;}
.y23{bottom:481.201985pt;}
.y11{bottom:482.408974pt;}
.y43{bottom:500.412762pt;}
.y22{bottom:508.799641pt;}
.y10{bottom:526.006633pt;}
.y42{bottom:528.010413pt;}
.y21{bottom:552.397306pt;}
.yf{bottom:553.604280pt;}
.y41{bottom:555.608072pt;}
.y20{bottom:579.994960pt;}
.ye{bottom:581.201936pt;}
.y40{bottom:583.205732pt;}
.y1f{bottom:607.592616pt;}
.yd{bottom:608.799554pt;}
.y3f{bottom:610.803386pt;}
.y1e{bottom:635.190272pt;}
.yc{bottom:636.397211pt;}
.y3e{bottom:638.401042pt;}
.y1d{bottom:662.787928pt;}
.yb{bottom:663.994867pt;}
.y3d{bottom:665.998698pt;}
.y1c{bottom:690.385585pt;}
.y3c{bottom:693.596354pt;}
.ya{bottom:707.592531pt;}
.y1b{bottom:717.983241pt;}
.y3b{bottom:721.194011pt;}
.y9{bottom:735.190187pt;}
.y3a{bottom:748.791667pt;}
.y1a{bottom:761.580887pt;}
.y8{bottom:778.787845pt;}
.y39{bottom:792.389318pt;}
.y7{bottom:806.385501pt;}
.y55{bottom:815.584641pt;}
.y38{bottom:819.986978pt;}
.y6{bottom:833.983158pt;}
.y54{bottom:843.182294pt;}
.y37{bottom:847.584638pt;}
.y5{bottom:861.580814pt;}
.y36{bottom:875.182292pt;}
.y53{bottom:886.779948pt;}
.y35{bottom:902.779948pt;}
.y4{bottom:905.178469pt;}
.y52{bottom:914.377604pt;}
.y34{bottom:930.377604pt;}
.y3{bottom:932.776133pt;}
.y51{bottom:941.975261pt;}
.y33{bottom:957.975260pt;}
.y50{bottom:969.572917pt;}
.y2{bottom:978.472097pt;}
.y32{bottom:985.572917pt;}
.y1{bottom:1010.669362pt;}
.y31{bottom:1013.170573pt;}
.y19{bottom:1013.170735pt;}
.h3{height:46.593750pt;}
.h2{height:46.656250pt;}
.h1{height:54.359373pt;}
.h0{height:1122.666667pt;}
.w0{width:794.666667pt;}
.x0{left:0.000000pt;}
.x1{left:94.488189pt;}
.x3{left:249.488189pt;}
.x2{left:699.212619pt;}
.x4{left:703.488189pt;}
}




    .paper-inline-ad { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; overflow: hidden; }
    .paper-inline-ad-label { padding: 6px 10px 0 10px; font: 10px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
    .paper-inline-ad-slot { min-height: 100px; }
    .paper-inline-ad--internal { padding: 0; }
    .paper-internal-promo { padding: 14px 16px 16px 16px; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }
    .paper-internal-promo-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin-bottom: 7px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-body { margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; color: #111827; background: #f9fafb; font-weight: 700; }