body { margin: 0; background: #f3f4f6; overflow-x: hidden; }
    #page-container { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; overflow: visible; max-width: 100%; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto 24px auto; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: visible; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk-content { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk style { display: none !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-placeholder { width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 12px auto; padding: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; color: #6b7280; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded { min-height: 0 !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded > .scieee-lazy-placeholder { display: none; }
    .pf { margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; }
  



/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
/* Part 1: Web Page Layout: Free to modify, except for a few of them which are required by pdf2htmlEX.js, see the comments */
#sidebar { /* Sidebar */
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:250px;
  padding:0;
  margin:0px;
  overflow:auto;
}
#page-container { /* PDF container */
  position:absolute; /* required for calculating relative positions of pages in pdf2htmlEX.js */
  top:0;
  left:0px;
  margin:0; 
  padding:0;
  border:0; /* required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test) */
}
@media screen {
  /* for sidebar */
  #sidebar.opened + #page-container { left:250px; }
  #page-container {
    /* `bottom' and `right' are required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test)
     * alternatively you may set width and height
     */
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
    overflow:auto;
  }
  .loading-indicator {
    display:none;
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    display:block;
    position:absolute;
    width:64px;
    height:64px;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    margin-top:-32px;
    margin-left:-32px;
  }
  .loading-indicator img {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
  }
}
@media print { 
  @page { margin:0; }
  html { margin:0; }
  body { 
    margin:0; 
    -webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; /* enable printing background images for WebKit */
  }
  #sidebar { display:none; }
  #page-container {
    width:auto;
    height:auto;
    overflow:visible;
    background-color:transparent;
  }
  .d { display:none; }
}
/* Part 2: Page Elements: Modify with caution
 * The followings are base classes, some of which are meant to be override by PDF specific classes
 * So do not increase the specificity (e.g. ".classname" -> "#page-container .classname")
 */
.pf { /* page */
  position:relative;
  background-color:white;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin:0; 
  border:0; /* required by pdf2htmlEX.js for page visibility test */
}
.pc { /* content of a page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
  /* set transform-origin for scaling */
  transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;
}
.pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
  display:block;
}
.bf { /* images that occupies the whole page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
.bi { /* images that cover only a part of the page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
@media print {
  .pf {
    margin:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    page-break-after:always;
    page-break-inside:avoid;
  }
  @-moz-document url-prefix() {
    /* fix page truncation for FireFox */
    .pf {
      overflow:visible;
      border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
    }
    .pc {overflow:visible;}
  }
}
.c { /* clip box */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
}
.t { /* text line */
  position:absolute;
  white-space:pre;
  font-size:1px;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override;/* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
  -moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0;/* We don't want Firefox to recognize ligatures */
}
.t:after { /* webkit #35443 */
  content: '';
}
.t:before { /* Workaround Blink(up to 41)/Webkit bug of word-spacing with leading spaces (chromium #404444 and pdf2htmlEX #412) */
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
}
.t span { /* text blocks within a line */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with negative word-spacing and inline-block (pdf2htmlEX #416), so keep normal span inline. */
  position:relative;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override; /* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
}
._ { /* text shift */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with inline element, continuous spaces and word-spacing. Workaround by inline-block. */
  display: inline-block;
  color: transparent;
  z-index: -1;
}
/* selection background should not be opaque, for fallback mode */
::selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
::-moz-selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
.pi { /* info for Javascript */
  display:none;
}
.l { /* annotation links */
}
/* transparent color - WebKit */
.d { /* css drawing */
  position:absolute;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
}
/* for the forms */
.it {
  border: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.0);
}

.ir:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Base CSS END */





/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Fancy styles for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
@keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@-webkit-keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@keyframes swing {
  0%  { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes swing {
  0%  { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@media screen { 
  #sidebar {
    background-color:#2f3236;
    /* modified from http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#crossstripes */
    background-image:url("scieee-document-assets/asset_278c76fec4fbf2399910664b.svg");
  }
  #outline {
    font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;
    font-size:13px;
    margin:2em 1em;
  }
  #outline ul {
    padding:0;
  }
  #outline li {
    list-style-type:none;
    margin:1em 0;
  }
  #outline li > ul {
    margin-left: 1em;
  }
  #outline a,
  #outline a:visited,
  #outline a:hover,
  #outline a:active {
    line-height:1.2;
    color:#e8e8e8;
    text-overflow:ellipsis;
    white-space:nowrap;
    text-decoration:none;
    display:block;
    overflow:hidden;
    outline:0;
  }
  #outline a:hover {
    color:rgb(0,204,255);
  }
  #page-container {
    background-color:#9e9e9e;
    /* http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#thinstripes */
    background-image: url("scieee-document-assets/asset_c60347c0de373fe817019620.svg");
    -webkit-transition:left 500ms;
    transition:left 500ms;
  }
  .pf {
    margin: 13px auto;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 1px #333;
    /* Needed by IE to make box-shadow works * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow */
    border-collapse: separate;
  }
  .pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
    -webkit-animation: fadein 100ms;
    animation: fadein 100ms; 
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    /* 
     * use 0.01s instead of 0s,
     * since YUI Compressor will change 0s to 0,
     * which is not recognized by Firefox
     */
    -webkit-animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
    animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
  }
  .checked {
    background: no-repeat url(scieee-document-assets/asset_58a067f15ffcfc2435a4b346.png);
  }
}
/* Fancy CSS END */





.ff0{font-family:sans-serif;visibility:hidden;}
@font-face{font-family:ff1;src:url('chunks/assets/font_ff25ff9865c13199a512daa3.woff')format("woff");}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:1.215332;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff2;src:url('chunks/assets/font_a5ff9c43f5e94855e9f7a893.woff')format("woff");}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:1.206543;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff3;src:url('chunks/assets/font_9e74e6f6b43a7f7eebe2c066.woff')format("woff");}.ff3{font-family:ff3;line-height:1.198730;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff4;src:url('chunks/assets/font_c5955528b300d13019f1106b.woff')format("woff");}.ff4{font-family:ff4;line-height:1.205078;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff5;src:url('chunks/assets/font_a5df64310f14b681615d2c7c.woff')format("woff");}.ff5{font-family:ff5;line-height:1.093262;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff6;src:url('chunks/assets/font_c0409001285cc79c59a34d62.woff')format("woff");}.ff6{font-family:ff6;line-height:1.225586;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff7;src:url('chunks/assets/font_737e78f30d172a90992a8b05.woff')format("woff");}.ff7{font-family:ff7;line-height:1.201660;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
.m0{transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000px;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.000000px;}
.sc_{text-shadow:none;}
.sc0{text-shadow:-0.015em 0 transparent,0 0.015em transparent,0.015em 0 transparent,0 -0.015em  transparent;}
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){
.sc_{-webkit-text-stroke:0px transparent;}
.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:0.015em transparent;text-shadow:none;}
}
.ws1{word-spacing:-54.000000px;}
.ws0{word-spacing:0.000000px;}
._4{margin-left:-13.500000px;}
._b{margin-left:-12.000000px;}
._9{margin-left:-6.210000px;}
._7{margin-left:-3.186000px;}
._2{margin-left:-1.458000px;}
._3{width:1.458000px;}
._5{width:2.970000px;}
._0{width:4.050000px;}
._1{width:5.130000px;}
._6{width:7.128000px;}
._8{width:8.964000px;}
._a{width:34.080000px;}
.fc1{color:rgb(0,0,0);}
.fc0{color:rgb(112,113,115);}
.fs5{font-size:48.000000px;}
.fs2{font-size:54.000000px;}
.fs6{font-size:60.000000px;}
.fs4{font-size:66.000000px;}
.fs3{font-size:72.000000px;}
.fs0{font-size:90.000000px;}
.fs1{font-size:150.000000px;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000px;}
.y5{bottom:58.834800px;}
.y2c{bottom:58.835250px;}
.y2a{bottom:160.630500px;}
.y29{bottom:176.830500px;}
.y28{bottom:193.030500px;}
.y27{bottom:209.230500px;}
.y26{bottom:225.430500px;}
.y25{bottom:241.630500px;}
.y24{bottom:266.335500px;}
.y4e{bottom:277.297200px;}
.y23{bottom:282.535500px;}
.y4d{bottom:291.697200px;}
.y22{bottom:298.735500px;}
.y4c{bottom:306.097200px;}
.y4b{bottom:320.497200px;}
.y21{bottom:323.439450px;}
.y4a{bottom:334.897200px;}
.y49{bottom:357.801150px;}
.y20{bottom:362.699250px;}
.y1f{bottom:378.899250px;}
.y1e{bottom:395.099250px;}
.y48{bottom:397.059900px;}
.y1d{bottom:411.299250px;}
.y47{bottom:413.259900px;}
.y1c{bottom:427.499250px;}
.y46{bottom:429.459900px;}
.y1b{bottom:443.699250px;}
.y45{bottom:445.659900px;}
.y1a{bottom:459.899250px;}
.y44{bottom:461.859900px;}
.y19{bottom:476.099250px;}
.y43{bottom:478.059900px;}
.y42{bottom:494.259900px;}
.y18{bottom:500.803200px;}
.y41{bottom:510.459900px;}
.y40{bottom:526.659900px;}
.y17{bottom:540.061950px;}
.y3f{bottom:551.364900px;}
.y16{bottom:556.261950px;}
.y3e{bottom:567.564900px;}
.y15{bottom:572.461950px;}
.y3d{bottom:592.268850px;}
.y14{bottom:597.166950px;}
.y13{bottom:613.366950px;}
.y12{bottom:629.566950px;}
.y3c{bottom:631.524900px;}
.y11{bottom:645.766950px;}
.y3b{bottom:647.724900px;}
.y3{bottom:652.507800px;}
.y10{bottom:661.966950px;}
.y3a{bottom:663.924900px;}
.yf{bottom:678.166950px;}
.y39{bottom:680.124900px;}
.ye{bottom:694.366950px;}
.y38{bottom:696.324900px;}
.y2{bottom:697.507800px;}
.yd{bottom:710.566950px;}
.y37{bottom:721.029900px;}
.yc{bottom:726.766950px;}
.y36{bottom:737.229900px;}
.yb{bottom:742.966950px;}
.y1{bottom:751.011750px;}
.y35{bottom:766.187400px;}
.ya{bottom:767.670900px;}
.y34{bottom:782.387400px;}
.y9{bottom:806.930700px;}
.y33{bottom:807.092400px;}
.y32{bottom:823.292400px;}
.y8{bottom:834.086550px;}
.y31{bottom:839.492400px;}
.y30{bottom:855.692400px;}
.y2f{bottom:871.892400px;}
.y7{bottom:879.398400px;}
.y2e{bottom:888.092400px;}
.y6{bottom:900.998400px;}
.y2d{bottom:904.292400px;}
.y4{bottom:956.692800px;}
.y2b{bottom:956.693250px;}
.h8{height:44.835938px;}
.h4{height:49.280273px;}
.h5{height:50.440430px;}
.h9{height:56.044922px;}
.h7{height:57.911133px;}
.h6{height:66.972656px;}
.h2{height:84.067383px;}
.h3{height:139.526367px;}
.h0{height:1020.472500px;}
.h1{height:1020.750000px;}
.w0{width:722.835000px;}
.w1{width:723.000000px;}
.x0{left:0.000000px;}
.xc{left:57.026850px;}
.x9{left:85.039350px;}
.xa{left:106.299150px;}
.xd{left:110.551350px;}
.xb{left:116.424150px;}
.x3{left:124.577250px;}
.x6{left:174.728850px;}
.x2{left:179.364750px;}
.x7{left:191.432850px;}
.x8{left:296.364000px;}
.x1{left:300.146550px;}
.x4{left:301.719150px;}
.x5{left:652.300650px;}
@media print{
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000pt;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ws1{word-spacing:-48.000000pt;}
.ws0{word-spacing:0.000000pt;}
._4{margin-left:-12.000000pt;}
._b{margin-left:-10.666667pt;}
._9{margin-left:-5.520000pt;}
._7{margin-left:-2.832000pt;}
._2{margin-left:-1.296000pt;}
._3{width:1.296000pt;}
._5{width:2.640000pt;}
._0{width:3.600000pt;}
._1{width:4.560000pt;}
._6{width:6.336000pt;}
._8{width:7.968000pt;}
._a{width:30.293333pt;}
.fs5{font-size:42.666667pt;}
.fs2{font-size:48.000000pt;}
.fs6{font-size:53.333333pt;}
.fs4{font-size:58.666667pt;}
.fs3{font-size:64.000000pt;}
.fs0{font-size:80.000000pt;}
.fs1{font-size:133.333333pt;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000pt;}
.y5{bottom:52.297600pt;}
.y2c{bottom:52.298000pt;}
.y2a{bottom:142.782667pt;}
.y29{bottom:157.182667pt;}
.y28{bottom:171.582667pt;}
.y27{bottom:185.982667pt;}
.y26{bottom:200.382667pt;}
.y25{bottom:214.782667pt;}
.y24{bottom:236.742667pt;}
.y4e{bottom:246.486400pt;}
.y23{bottom:251.142667pt;}
.y4d{bottom:259.286400pt;}
.y22{bottom:265.542667pt;}
.y4c{bottom:272.086400pt;}
.y4b{bottom:284.886400pt;}
.y21{bottom:287.501733pt;}
.y4a{bottom:297.686400pt;}
.y49{bottom:318.045467pt;}
.y20{bottom:322.399333pt;}
.y1f{bottom:336.799333pt;}
.y1e{bottom:351.199333pt;}
.y48{bottom:352.942133pt;}
.y1d{bottom:365.599333pt;}
.y47{bottom:367.342133pt;}
.y1c{bottom:379.999333pt;}
.y46{bottom:381.742133pt;}
.y1b{bottom:394.399333pt;}
.y45{bottom:396.142133pt;}
.y1a{bottom:408.799333pt;}
.y44{bottom:410.542133pt;}
.y19{bottom:423.199333pt;}
.y43{bottom:424.942133pt;}
.y42{bottom:439.342133pt;}
.y18{bottom:445.158400pt;}
.y41{bottom:453.742133pt;}
.y40{bottom:468.142133pt;}
.y17{bottom:480.055067pt;}
.y3f{bottom:490.102133pt;}
.y16{bottom:494.455067pt;}
.y3e{bottom:504.502133pt;}
.y15{bottom:508.855067pt;}
.y3d{bottom:526.461200pt;}
.y14{bottom:530.815067pt;}
.y13{bottom:545.215067pt;}
.y12{bottom:559.615067pt;}
.y3c{bottom:561.355467pt;}
.y11{bottom:574.015067pt;}
.y3b{bottom:575.755467pt;}
.y3{bottom:580.006933pt;}
.y10{bottom:588.415067pt;}
.y3a{bottom:590.155467pt;}
.yf{bottom:602.815067pt;}
.y39{bottom:604.555467pt;}
.ye{bottom:617.215067pt;}
.y38{bottom:618.955467pt;}
.y2{bottom:620.006933pt;}
.yd{bottom:631.615067pt;}
.y37{bottom:640.915467pt;}
.yc{bottom:646.015067pt;}
.y36{bottom:655.315467pt;}
.yb{bottom:660.415067pt;}
.y1{bottom:667.566000pt;}
.y35{bottom:681.055467pt;}
.ya{bottom:682.374133pt;}
.y34{bottom:695.455467pt;}
.y9{bottom:717.271733pt;}
.y33{bottom:717.415467pt;}
.y32{bottom:731.815467pt;}
.y8{bottom:741.410267pt;}
.y31{bottom:746.215467pt;}
.y30{bottom:760.615467pt;}
.y2f{bottom:775.015467pt;}
.y7{bottom:781.687467pt;}
.y2e{bottom:789.415467pt;}
.y6{bottom:800.887467pt;}
.y2d{bottom:803.815467pt;}
.y4{bottom:850.393600pt;}
.y2b{bottom:850.394000pt;}
.h8{height:39.854167pt;}
.h4{height:43.804688pt;}
.h5{height:44.835938pt;}
.h9{height:49.817708pt;}
.h7{height:51.476562pt;}
.h6{height:59.531250pt;}
.h2{height:74.726562pt;}
.h3{height:124.023438pt;}
.h0{height:907.086667pt;}
.h1{height:907.333333pt;}
.w0{width:642.520000pt;}
.w1{width:642.666667pt;}
.x0{left:0.000000pt;}
.xc{left:50.690533pt;}
.x9{left:75.590533pt;}
.xa{left:94.488133pt;}
.xd{left:98.267867pt;}
.xb{left:103.488133pt;}
.x3{left:110.735333pt;}
.x6{left:155.314533pt;}
.x2{left:159.435333pt;}
.x7{left:170.162533pt;}
.x8{left:263.434667pt;}
.x1{left:266.796933pt;}
.x4{left:268.194800pt;}
.x5{left:579.822800pt;}
}




    .paper-inline-ad { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; overflow: hidden; }
    .paper-inline-ad-label { padding: 6px 10px 0 10px; font: 10px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
    .paper-inline-ad-slot { min-height: 100px; }
    .paper-inline-ad--internal { padding: 0; }
    .paper-internal-promo { padding: 14px 16px 16px 16px; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }
    .paper-internal-promo-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin-bottom: 7px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-body { margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; color: #111827; background: #f9fafb; font-weight: 700; }