body { margin: 0; background: #f3f4f6; overflow-x: hidden; }
    #page-container { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; overflow: visible; max-width: 100%; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto 24px auto; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: visible; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk-content { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk style { display: none !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-placeholder { width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 12px auto; padding: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; color: #6b7280; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded { min-height: 0 !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded > .scieee-lazy-placeholder { display: none; }
    .pf { margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; }
  



/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
/* Part 1: Web Page Layout: Free to modify, except for a few of them which are required by pdf2htmlEX.js, see the comments */
#sidebar { /* Sidebar */
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:250px;
  padding:0;
  margin:0px;
  overflow:auto;
}
#page-container { /* PDF container */
  position:absolute; /* required for calculating relative positions of pages in pdf2htmlEX.js */
  top:0;
  left:0px;
  margin:0; 
  padding:0;
  border:0; /* required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test) */
}
@media screen {
  /* for sidebar */
  #sidebar.opened + #page-container { left:250px; }
  #page-container {
    /* `bottom' and `right' are required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test)
     * alternatively you may set width and height
     */
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
    overflow:auto;
  }
  .loading-indicator {
    display:none;
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    display:block;
    position:absolute;
    width:64px;
    height:64px;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    margin-top:-32px;
    margin-left:-32px;
  }
  .loading-indicator img {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
  }
}
@media print { 
  @page { margin:0; }
  html { margin:0; }
  body { 
    margin:0; 
    -webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; /* enable printing background images for WebKit */
  }
  #sidebar { display:none; }
  #page-container {
    width:auto;
    height:auto;
    overflow:visible;
    background-color:transparent;
  }
  .d { display:none; }
}
/* Part 2: Page Elements: Modify with caution
 * The followings are base classes, some of which are meant to be override by PDF specific classes
 * So do not increase the specificity (e.g. ".classname" -> "#page-container .classname")
 */
.pf { /* page */
  position:relative;
  background-color:white;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin:0; 
  border:0; /* required by pdf2htmlEX.js for page visibility test */
}
.pc { /* content of a page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
  /* set transform-origin for scaling */
  transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;
}
.pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
  display:block;
}
.bf { /* images that occupies the whole page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
.bi { /* images that cover only a part of the page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
@media print {
  .pf {
    margin:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    page-break-after:always;
    page-break-inside:avoid;
  }
  @-moz-document url-prefix() {
    /* fix page truncation for FireFox */
    .pf {
      overflow:visible;
      border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
    }
    .pc {overflow:visible;}
  }
}
.c { /* clip box */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
}
.t { /* text line */
  position:absolute;
  white-space:pre;
  font-size:1px;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override;/* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
  -moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0;/* We don't want Firefox to recognize ligatures */
}
.t:after { /* webkit #35443 */
  content: '';
}
.t:before { /* Workaround Blink(up to 41)/Webkit bug of word-spacing with leading spaces (chromium #404444 and pdf2htmlEX #412) */
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
}
.t span { /* text blocks within a line */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with negative word-spacing and inline-block (pdf2htmlEX #416), so keep normal span inline. */
  position:relative;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override; /* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
}
._ { /* text shift */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with inline element, continuous spaces and word-spacing. Workaround by inline-block. */
  display: inline-block;
  color: transparent;
  z-index: -1;
}
/* selection background should not be opaque, for fallback mode */
::selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
::-moz-selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
.pi { /* info for Javascript */
  display:none;
}
.l { /* annotation links */
}
/* transparent color - WebKit */
.d { /* css drawing */
  position:absolute;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
}
/* for the forms */
.it {
  border: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.0);
}

.ir:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Base CSS END */





/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Fancy styles for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
@keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@-webkit-keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@keyframes swing {
  0%  { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes swing {
  0%  { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@media screen { 
  #sidebar {
    background-color:#2f3236;
    /* modified from http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#crossstripes */
    background-image:url("scieee-document-assets/asset_278c76fec4fbf2399910664b.svg");
  }
  #outline {
    font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;
    font-size:13px;
    margin:2em 1em;
  }
  #outline ul {
    padding:0;
  }
  #outline li {
    list-style-type:none;
    margin:1em 0;
  }
  #outline li > ul {
    margin-left: 1em;
  }
  #outline a,
  #outline a:visited,
  #outline a:hover,
  #outline a:active {
    line-height:1.2;
    color:#e8e8e8;
    text-overflow:ellipsis;
    white-space:nowrap;
    text-decoration:none;
    display:block;
    overflow:hidden;
    outline:0;
  }
  #outline a:hover {
    color:rgb(0,204,255);
  }
  #page-container {
    background-color:#9e9e9e;
    /* http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#thinstripes */
    background-image: url("scieee-document-assets/asset_c60347c0de373fe817019620.svg");
    -webkit-transition:left 500ms;
    transition:left 500ms;
  }
  .pf {
    margin: 13px auto;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 1px #333;
    /* Needed by IE to make box-shadow works * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow */
    border-collapse: separate;
  }
  .pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
    -webkit-animation: fadein 100ms;
    animation: fadein 100ms; 
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    /* 
     * use 0.01s instead of 0s,
     * since YUI Compressor will change 0s to 0,
     * which is not recognized by Firefox
     */
    -webkit-animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
    animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
  }
  .checked {
    background: no-repeat url(scieee-document-assets/asset_58a067f15ffcfc2435a4b346.png);
  }
}
/* Fancy CSS END */





.ff0{font-family:sans-serif;visibility:hidden;}
@font-face{font-family:ff1;src:url('chunks/assets/font_a8a6ea964ef0cead08dea53e.woff2')format("woff");}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:0.896000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff2;src:url('chunks/assets/font_4a06dcd2ec3d34dc7c43f7c8.woff2')format("woff");}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:0.904000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff3;src:url('chunks/assets/font_5c3c8fc29ce48e26e2bdf605.woff2')format("woff");}.ff3{font-family:ff3;line-height:0.862000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff4;src:url('chunks/assets/font_b4b4f66ec091545125f2ea7d.woff2')format("woff");}.ff4{font-family:ff4;line-height:0.862000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff5;src:url('chunks/assets/font_85836b55f2aae0b1c1171256.woff2')format("woff");}.ff5{font-family:ff5;line-height:0.810000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff6;src:url('chunks/assets/font_6bc52f5a3bdee28a3cc1fca0.woff2')format("woff");}.ff6{font-family:ff6;line-height:0.632000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff7;src:url('chunks/assets/font_9d56088dfe7abe9b6442bc4f.woff2')format("woff");}.ff7{font-family:ff7;line-height:0.625000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
.m0{transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000px;}
.ls2{letter-spacing:0.000000px;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:0.121802px;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:8.067632px;}
.sc_{text-shadow:none;}
.sc0{text-shadow:-0.015em 0 transparent,0 0.015em transparent,0.015em 0 transparent,0 -0.015em  transparent;}
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){
.sc_{-webkit-text-stroke:0px transparent;}
.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:0.015em transparent;text-shadow:none;}
}
.ws2{word-spacing:-39.719912px;}
.ws0{word-spacing:-14.961167px;}
.ws1{word-spacing:0.000000px;}
._0{margin-left:-1.193071px;}
._2{width:1.503837px;}
._c{width:3.045014px;}
._b{width:5.036388px;}
._6{width:6.353682px;}
._7{width:7.713637px;}
._1{width:8.738248px;}
._3{width:10.524014px;}
._4{width:11.651937px;}
._a{width:13.106513px;}
._5{width:15.966896px;}
._13{width:16.982755px;}
._f{width:18.113847px;}
._8{width:19.197125px;}
._9{width:20.280813px;}
._11{width:21.487206px;}
._d{width:22.876463px;}
._e{width:23.956354px;}
._10{width:33.032946px;}
._12{width:36.409300px;}
.fc0{color:rgb(35,31,32);}
.fs0{font-size:66.199853px;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000px;}
.y1{bottom:0.503438px;}
.y53{bottom:113.545553px;}
.y52{bottom:133.694319px;}
.y2d{bottom:144.849078px;}
.y51{bottom:153.836035px;}
.y2c{bottom:168.049446px;}
.y50{bottom:173.983451px;}
.y2b{bottom:191.255365px;}
.y4f{bottom:194.133417px;}
.y4e{bottom:214.280833px;}
.y2a{bottom:214.281283px;}
.y4d{bottom:234.428700px;}
.y29{bottom:237.487202px;}
.y4c{bottom:257.634618px;}
.y28{bottom:260.693121px;}
.y4b{bottom:280.660537px;}
.y27{bottom:283.719039px;}
.y4a{bottom:300.809303px;}
.y26{bottom:306.924958px;}
.y49{bottom:324.060221px;}
.y25{bottom:330.175876px;}
.y48{bottom:347.086140px;}
.y24{bottom:353.201795px;}
.y47{bottom:370.292058px;}
.y23{bottom:376.407713px;}
.y46{bottom:394.396628px;}
.y22{bottom:399.613632px;}
.y45{bottom:418.322547px;}
.y21{bottom:422.639550px;}
.y44{bottom:442.428466px;}
.y20{bottom:445.845469px;}
.y43{bottom:466.533035px;}
.y1f{bottom:469.051387px;}
.y42{bottom:490.458954px;}
.y1e{bottom:492.077306px;}
.y41{bottom:514.563524px;}
.y1d{bottom:515.283224px;}
.y1c{bottom:538.489143px;}
.y40{bottom:538.489443px;}
.y1b{bottom:561.695061px;}
.y3f{bottom:562.595362px;}
.y1a{bottom:584.752030px;}
.y3e{bottom:585.830831px;}
.y19{bottom:607.957948px;}
.y3d{bottom:608.856749px;}
.y18{bottom:631.163867px;}
.y3c{bottom:632.062668px;}
.y17{bottom:654.189785px;}
.y3b{bottom:655.268586px;}
.y16{bottom:677.395704px;}
.y3a{bottom:678.474505px;}
.y15{bottom:700.601322px;}
.y39{bottom:701.500423px;}
.y14{bottom:723.627241px;}
.y38{bottom:724.706342px;}
.y13{bottom:746.833309px;}
.y37{bottom:747.912260px;}
.y12{bottom:770.039228px;}
.y36{bottom:770.938179px;}
.y11{bottom:793.065146px;}
.y35{bottom:794.144097px;}
.y34{bottom:814.292863px;}
.y10{bottom:816.271065px;}
.y33{bottom:834.440280px;}
.yf{bottom:839.476984px;}
.y32{bottom:854.632696px;}
.ye{bottom:862.547902px;}
.y31{bottom:874.781462px;}
.yd{bottom:885.753821px;}
.y30{bottom:894.748878px;}
.yc{bottom:908.959739px;}
.y2f{bottom:914.896144px;}
.yb{bottom:931.985658px;}
.y2e{bottom:935.044910px;}
.ya{bottom:955.191576px;}
.y9{bottom:978.397495px;}
.y8{bottom:1001.423413px;}
.y7{bottom:1024.629332px;}
.y6{bottom:1047.835250px;}
.y5{bottom:1071.041169px;}
.y4{bottom:1094.067087px;}
.y3{bottom:1117.273006px;}
.y2{bottom:1140.508474px;}
.h5{height:45.280699px;}
.h2{height:47.531494px;}
.h4{height:47.532694px;}
.h3{height:48.061093px;}
.h7{height:48.061693px;}
.h6{height:48.064093px;}
.h1{height:1262.113762px;}
.h0{height:1263.000000px;}
.w1{width:892.440000px;}
.w0{width:892.500000px;}
.x0{left:0.000000px;}
.x1{left:106.351885px;}
@media print{
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000pt;}
.ls2{letter-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:0.108268pt;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:7.171228pt;}
.ws2{word-spacing:-35.306588pt;}
.ws0{word-spacing:-13.298815pt;}
.ws1{word-spacing:0.000000pt;}
._0{margin-left:-1.060508pt;}
._2{width:1.336744pt;}
._c{width:2.706680pt;}
._b{width:4.476790pt;}
._6{width:5.647717pt;}
._7{width:6.856566pt;}
._1{width:7.767332pt;}
._3{width:9.354679pt;}
._4{width:10.357277pt;}
._a{width:11.650234pt;}
._5{width:14.192797pt;}
._13{width:15.095782pt;}
._f{width:16.101197pt;}
._8{width:17.064111pt;}
._9{width:18.027389pt;}
._11{width:19.099738pt;}
._d{width:20.334634pt;}
._e{width:21.294537pt;}
._10{width:29.362618pt;}
._12{width:32.363822pt;}
.fs0{font-size:58.844314pt;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000pt;}
.y1{bottom:0.447501pt;}
.y53{bottom:100.929380pt;}
.y52{bottom:118.839395pt;}
.y2d{bottom:128.754736pt;}
.y51{bottom:136.743142pt;}
.y2c{bottom:149.377286pt;}
.y50{bottom:154.651957pt;}
.y2b{bottom:170.004769pt;}
.y4f{bottom:172.563038pt;}
.y4e{bottom:190.471852pt;}
.y2a{bottom:190.472252pt;}
.y4d{bottom:208.381066pt;}
.y29{bottom:211.099735pt;}
.y4c{bottom:229.008549pt;}
.y28{bottom:231.727218pt;}
.y4b{bottom:249.476032pt;}
.y27{bottom:252.194701pt;}
.y4a{bottom:267.386047pt;}
.y26{bottom:272.822184pt;}
.y49{bottom:288.053530pt;}
.y25{bottom:293.489668pt;}
.y48{bottom:308.521013pt;}
.y24{bottom:313.957151pt;}
.y47{bottom:329.148496pt;}
.y23{bottom:334.584634pt;}
.y46{bottom:350.574780pt;}
.y22{bottom:355.212117pt;}
.y45{bottom:371.842264pt;}
.y21{bottom:375.679600pt;}
.y44{bottom:393.269748pt;}
.y20{bottom:396.307083pt;}
.y43{bottom:414.696031pt;}
.y1f{bottom:416.934566pt;}
.y42{bottom:435.963515pt;}
.y1e{bottom:437.402049pt;}
.y41{bottom:457.389799pt;}
.y1d{bottom:458.029533pt;}
.y1c{bottom:478.657016pt;}
.y40{bottom:478.657282pt;}
.y1b{bottom:499.284499pt;}
.y3f{bottom:500.084766pt;}
.y1a{bottom:519.779582pt;}
.y3e{bottom:520.738516pt;}
.y19{bottom:540.407065pt;}
.y3d{bottom:541.205999pt;}
.y18{bottom:561.034548pt;}
.y3c{bottom:561.833482pt;}
.y17{bottom:581.502031pt;}
.y3b{bottom:582.460966pt;}
.y16{bottom:602.129515pt;}
.y3a{bottom:603.088449pt;}
.y15{bottom:622.756731pt;}
.y39{bottom:623.555932pt;}
.y14{bottom:643.224214pt;}
.y38{bottom:644.183415pt;}
.y13{bottom:663.851831pt;}
.y37{bottom:664.810898pt;}
.y12{bottom:684.479314pt;}
.y36{bottom:685.278381pt;}
.y11{bottom:704.946797pt;}
.y35{bottom:705.905864pt;}
.y34{bottom:723.815879pt;}
.y10{bottom:725.574280pt;}
.y33{bottom:741.724693pt;}
.yf{bottom:746.201763pt;}
.y32{bottom:759.673507pt;}
.ye{bottom:766.709246pt;}
.y31{bottom:777.583522pt;}
.yd{bottom:787.336729pt;}
.y30{bottom:795.332336pt;}
.yc{bottom:807.964213pt;}
.y2f{bottom:813.241017pt;}
.yb{bottom:828.431696pt;}
.y2e{bottom:831.151031pt;}
.ya{bottom:849.059179pt;}
.y9{bottom:869.686662pt;}
.y8{bottom:890.154145pt;}
.y7{bottom:910.781628pt;}
.y6{bottom:931.409111pt;}
.y5{bottom:952.036595pt;}
.y4{bottom:972.504078pt;}
.y3{bottom:993.131561pt;}
.y2{bottom:1013.785311pt;}
.h5{height:40.249511pt;}
.h2{height:42.250217pt;}
.h4{height:42.251284pt;}
.h3{height:42.720972pt;}
.h7{height:42.721505pt;}
.h6{height:42.723638pt;}
.h1{height:1121.878899pt;}
.h0{height:1122.666667pt;}
.w1{width:793.280000pt;}
.w0{width:793.333333pt;}
.x0{left:0.000000pt;}
.x1{left:94.535009pt;}
}




    .paper-inline-ad { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; overflow: hidden; }
    .paper-inline-ad-label { padding: 6px 10px 0 10px; font: 10px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
    .paper-inline-ad-slot { min-height: 100px; }
    .paper-inline-ad--internal { padding: 0; }
    .paper-internal-promo { padding: 14px 16px 16px 16px; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }
    .paper-internal-promo-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin-bottom: 7px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-body { margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; color: #111827; background: #f9fafb; font-weight: 700; }