body { margin: 0; background: #f3f4f6; overflow-x: hidden; }
    #page-container { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; overflow: visible; max-width: 100%; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto 24px auto; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: visible; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk-content { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk style { display: none !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-placeholder { width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 12px auto; padding: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; color: #6b7280; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded { min-height: 0 !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded > .scieee-lazy-placeholder { display: none; }
    .pf { margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; }
  



/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
/* Part 1: Web Page Layout: Free to modify, except for a few of them which are required by pdf2htmlEX.js, see the comments */
#sidebar { /* Sidebar */
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:250px;
  padding:0;
  margin:0px;
  overflow:auto;
}
#page-container { /* PDF container */
  position:absolute; /* required for calculating relative positions of pages in pdf2htmlEX.js */
  top:0;
  left:0px;
  margin:0; 
  padding:0;
  border:0; /* required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test) */
}
@media screen {
  /* for sidebar */
  #sidebar.opened + #page-container { left:250px; }
  #page-container {
    /* `bottom' and `right' are required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test)
     * alternatively you may set width and height
     */
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
    overflow:auto;
  }
  .loading-indicator {
    display:none;
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    display:block;
    position:absolute;
    width:64px;
    height:64px;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    margin-top:-32px;
    margin-left:-32px;
  }
  .loading-indicator img {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
  }
}
@media print { 
  @page { margin:0; }
  html { margin:0; }
  body { 
    margin:0; 
    -webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; /* enable printing background images for WebKit */
  }
  #sidebar { display:none; }
  #page-container {
    width:auto;
    height:auto;
    overflow:visible;
    background-color:transparent;
  }
  .d { display:none; }
}
/* Part 2: Page Elements: Modify with caution
 * The followings are base classes, some of which are meant to be override by PDF specific classes
 * So do not increase the specificity (e.g. ".classname" -> "#page-container .classname")
 */
.pf { /* page */
  position:relative;
  background-color:white;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin:0; 
  border:0; /* required by pdf2htmlEX.js for page visibility test */
}
.pc { /* content of a page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
  /* set transform-origin for scaling */
  transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;
}
.pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
  display:block;
}
.bf { /* images that occupies the whole page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
.bi { /* images that cover only a part of the page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
@media print {
  .pf {
    margin:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    page-break-after:always;
    page-break-inside:avoid;
  }
  @-moz-document url-prefix() {
    /* fix page truncation for FireFox */
    .pf {
      overflow:visible;
      border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
    }
    .pc {overflow:visible;}
  }
}
.c { /* clip box */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
}
.t { /* text line */
  position:absolute;
  white-space:pre;
  font-size:1px;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override;/* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
  -moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0;/* We don't want Firefox to recognize ligatures */
}
.t:after { /* webkit #35443 */
  content: '';
}
.t:before { /* Workaround Blink(up to 41)/Webkit bug of word-spacing with leading spaces (chromium #404444 and pdf2htmlEX #412) */
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
}
.t span { /* text blocks within a line */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with negative word-spacing and inline-block (pdf2htmlEX #416), so keep normal span inline. */
  position:relative;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override; /* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
}
._ { /* text shift */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with inline element, continuous spaces and word-spacing. Workaround by inline-block. */
  display: inline-block;
  color: transparent;
  z-index: -1;
}
/* selection background should not be opaque, for fallback mode */
::selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
::-moz-selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
.pi { /* info for Javascript */
  display:none;
}
.l { /* annotation links */
}
/* transparent color - WebKit */
.d { /* css drawing */
  position:absolute;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
}
/* for the forms */
.it {
  border: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.0);
}

.ir:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Base CSS END */





/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Fancy styles for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
@keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@-webkit-keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@keyframes swing {
  0%  { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes swing {
  0%  { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@media screen { 
  #sidebar {
    background-color:#2f3236;
    /* modified from http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#crossstripes */
    background-image:url("scieee-document-assets/asset_278c76fec4fbf2399910664b.svg");
  }
  #outline {
    font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;
    font-size:13px;
    margin:2em 1em;
  }
  #outline ul {
    padding:0;
  }
  #outline li {
    list-style-type:none;
    margin:1em 0;
  }
  #outline li > ul {
    margin-left: 1em;
  }
  #outline a,
  #outline a:visited,
  #outline a:hover,
  #outline a:active {
    line-height:1.2;
    color:#e8e8e8;
    text-overflow:ellipsis;
    white-space:nowrap;
    text-decoration:none;
    display:block;
    overflow:hidden;
    outline:0;
  }
  #outline a:hover {
    color:rgb(0,204,255);
  }
  #page-container {
    background-color:#9e9e9e;
    /* http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#thinstripes */
    background-image: url("scieee-document-assets/asset_c60347c0de373fe817019620.svg");
    -webkit-transition:left 500ms;
    transition:left 500ms;
  }
  .pf {
    margin: 13px auto;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 1px #333;
    /* Needed by IE to make box-shadow works * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow */
    border-collapse: separate;
  }
  .pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
    -webkit-animation: fadein 100ms;
    animation: fadein 100ms; 
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    /* 
     * use 0.01s instead of 0s,
     * since YUI Compressor will change 0s to 0,
     * which is not recognized by Firefox
     */
    -webkit-animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
    animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
  }
  .checked {
    background: no-repeat url(scieee-document-assets/asset_58a067f15ffcfc2435a4b346.png);
  }
}
/* Fancy CSS END */





.ff0{font-family:sans-serif;visibility:hidden;}
@font-face{font-family:ff1;src:url('chunks/assets/font_735009c566668dcba0f9980a.woff2')format("woff");}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:1.284668;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff2;src:url('chunks/assets/font_223647154d0ed5c83615f7cd.woff2')format("woff");}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:1.051758;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff3;src:url('chunks/assets/font_2adeec91f9bf7e8d7c6daf65.woff2')format("woff");}.ff3{font-family:ff3;line-height:1.093262;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff4;src:url('chunks/assets/font_39238ad2eb98c531a030f4f1.woff2')format("woff");}.ff4{font-family:ff4;line-height:0.831543;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff5;src:url('chunks/assets/font_0271ba8716165225d6369bcc.woff2')format("woff");}.ff5{font-family:ff5;line-height:1.284668;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff6;src:url('chunks/assets/font_270bcd808caf9afae02eef6a.woff2')format("woff");}.ff6{font-family:ff6;line-height:1.051758;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff7;src:url('chunks/assets/font_39238ad2eb98c531a030f4f1.woff2')format("woff");}.ff7{font-family:ff7;line-height:0.831543;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff8;src:url('chunks/assets/font_a8d1159929684105c2f8c571.woff2')format("woff");}.ff8{font-family:ff8;line-height:1.093262;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
.m0{transform:matrix(0.250313,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.250313,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.250313,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);}
.v1{vertical-align:-75.474000px;}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000px;}
.ls5{letter-spacing:0.000000px;}
.ls6{letter-spacing:0.261643px;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.359400px;}
.ls4{letter-spacing:0.414029px;}
.ls3{letter-spacing:35.400900px;}
.ls2{letter-spacing:736.770000px;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:1301.028000px;}
.sc_{text-shadow:none;}
.sc0{text-shadow:-0.015em 0 transparent,0 0.015em transparent,0.015em 0 transparent,0 -0.015em  transparent;}
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){
.sc_{-webkit-text-stroke:0px transparent;}
.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:0.015em transparent;text-shadow:none;}
}
.ws3{word-spacing:-51.382699px;}
.ws1{word-spacing:-16.532400px;}
.ws0{word-spacing:-13.836900px;}
.ws2{word-spacing:-13.477500px;}
.ws4{word-spacing:0.000000px;}
._e{margin-left:-2.211029px;}
._1{margin-left:-1.201834px;}
._3{width:1.785499px;}
._2{width:2.814821px;}
._c{width:4.321426px;}
._f{width:5.514634px;}
._0{width:6.578458px;}
._9{width:7.909675px;}
._5{width:9.105758px;}
._6{width:10.201210px;}
._a{width:11.612933px;}
._4{width:12.786014px;}
._b{width:14.376000px;}
._12{width:19.315594px;}
._d{width:20.370792px;}
._13{width:22.392058px;}
._10{width:31.365557px;}
._11{width:32.521387px;}
._7{width:34.624596px;}
._8{width:35.853744px;}
._14{width:1187.894630px;}
.fc0{color:rgb(0,0,0);}
.fs1{font-size:53.910000px;}
.fs2{font-size:66.129600px;}
.fs0{font-size:71.880000px;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000px;}
.y3{bottom:3.234600px;}
.y29{bottom:259.492800px;}
.y28{bottom:278.361300px;}
.y27{bottom:297.409500px;}
.y26{bottom:316.278000px;}
.y25{bottom:335.326200px;}
.y24{bottom:354.194700px;}
.y23{bottom:373.063200px;}
.y22{bottom:392.111400px;}
.y21{bottom:410.979900px;}
.y20{bottom:430.028100px;}
.y1f{bottom:448.896600px;}
.y1e{bottom:467.765100px;}
.y1d{bottom:486.813300px;}
.y1c{bottom:505.681800px;}
.y1b{bottom:524.730000px;}
.y1a{bottom:543.598500px;}
.y19{bottom:562.646700px;}
.y18{bottom:581.515200px;}
.y17{bottom:600.383700px;}
.y16{bottom:619.431900px;}
.y15{bottom:638.300400px;}
.y14{bottom:657.348600px;}
.y13{bottom:676.217100px;}
.y12{bottom:695.085600px;}
.y11{bottom:714.133800px;}
.y10{bottom:733.002300px;}
.yf{bottom:752.050500px;}
.ye{bottom:770.919000px;}
.yd{bottom:789.787500px;}
.yc{bottom:808.835700px;}
.y2b{bottom:827.704200px;}
.yb{bottom:846.752400px;}
.y2a{bottom:865.620900px;}
.ya{bottom:884.489400px;}
.y9{bottom:903.537600px;}
.y8{bottom:922.406100px;}
.y7{bottom:941.454300px;}
.y6{bottom:960.322800px;}
.y5{bottom:979.371000px;}
.y4{bottom:998.239500px;}
.y2{bottom:1029.507300px;}
.y1{bottom:1032.741900px;}
.h2{height:15.274500px;}
.h3{height:45.065391px;}
.h5{height:55.280213px;}
.h4{height:64.902586px;}
.h1{height:70.546289px;}
.h0{height:1261.500000px;}
.w1{width:20.331525px;}
.w0{width:892.500000px;}
.x0{left:0.000000px;}
.x1{left:199.716750px;}
.x4{left:234.082425px;}
.x3{left:252.794625px;}
.x5{left:543.193575px;}
.x2{left:672.559650px;}
@media print{
.v1{vertical-align:-67.088000pt;}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000pt;}
.ls5{letter-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ls6{letter-spacing:0.232572pt;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.319467pt;}
.ls4{letter-spacing:0.368026pt;}
.ls3{letter-spacing:31.467467pt;}
.ls2{letter-spacing:654.906667pt;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:1156.469333pt;}
.ws3{word-spacing:-45.673510pt;}
.ws1{word-spacing:-14.695467pt;}
.ws0{word-spacing:-12.299467pt;}
.ws2{word-spacing:-11.980000pt;}
.ws4{word-spacing:0.000000pt;}
._e{margin-left:-1.965359pt;}
._1{margin-left:-1.068297pt;}
._3{width:1.587110pt;}
._2{width:2.502063pt;}
._c{width:3.841267pt;}
._f{width:4.901897pt;}
._0{width:5.847518pt;}
._9{width:7.030822pt;}
._5{width:8.094007pt;}
._6{width:9.067742pt;}
._a{width:10.322607pt;}
._4{width:11.365346pt;}
._b{width:12.778667pt;}
._12{width:17.169417pt;}
._d{width:18.107371pt;}
._13{width:19.904051pt;}
._10{width:27.880495pt;}
._11{width:28.907900pt;}
._7{width:30.777419pt;}
._8{width:31.869995pt;}
._14{width:1055.906338pt;}
.fs1{font-size:47.920000pt;}
.fs2{font-size:58.781867pt;}
.fs0{font-size:63.893333pt;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000pt;}
.y3{bottom:2.875200pt;}
.y29{bottom:230.660267pt;}
.y28{bottom:247.432267pt;}
.y27{bottom:264.364000pt;}
.y26{bottom:281.136000pt;}
.y25{bottom:298.067733pt;}
.y24{bottom:314.839733pt;}
.y23{bottom:331.611733pt;}
.y22{bottom:348.543467pt;}
.y21{bottom:365.315467pt;}
.y20{bottom:382.247200pt;}
.y1f{bottom:399.019200pt;}
.y1e{bottom:415.791200pt;}
.y1d{bottom:432.722933pt;}
.y1c{bottom:449.494933pt;}
.y1b{bottom:466.426667pt;}
.y1a{bottom:483.198667pt;}
.y19{bottom:500.130400pt;}
.y18{bottom:516.902400pt;}
.y17{bottom:533.674400pt;}
.y16{bottom:550.606133pt;}
.y15{bottom:567.378133pt;}
.y14{bottom:584.309867pt;}
.y13{bottom:601.081867pt;}
.y12{bottom:617.853867pt;}
.y11{bottom:634.785600pt;}
.y10{bottom:651.557600pt;}
.yf{bottom:668.489333pt;}
.ye{bottom:685.261333pt;}
.yd{bottom:702.033333pt;}
.yc{bottom:718.965067pt;}
.y2b{bottom:735.737067pt;}
.yb{bottom:752.668800pt;}
.y2a{bottom:769.440800pt;}
.ya{bottom:786.212800pt;}
.y9{bottom:803.144533pt;}
.y8{bottom:819.916533pt;}
.y7{bottom:836.848267pt;}
.y6{bottom:853.620267pt;}
.y5{bottom:870.552000pt;}
.y4{bottom:887.324000pt;}
.y2{bottom:915.117600pt;}
.y1{bottom:917.992800pt;}
.h2{height:13.577333pt;}
.h3{height:40.058125pt;}
.h5{height:49.137967pt;}
.h4{height:57.691188pt;}
.h1{height:62.707813pt;}
.h0{height:1121.333333pt;}
.w1{width:18.072467pt;}
.w0{width:793.333333pt;}
.x0{left:0.000000pt;}
.x1{left:177.526000pt;}
.x4{left:208.073267pt;}
.x3{left:224.706333pt;}
.x5{left:482.838733pt;}
.x2{left:597.830800pt;}
}




    .paper-inline-ad { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; overflow: hidden; }
    .paper-inline-ad-label { padding: 6px 10px 0 10px; font: 10px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
    .paper-inline-ad-slot { min-height: 100px; }
    .paper-inline-ad--internal { padding: 0; }
    .paper-internal-promo { padding: 14px 16px 16px 16px; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }
    .paper-internal-promo-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin-bottom: 7px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-body { margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; color: #111827; background: #f9fafb; font-weight: 700; }