body { margin: 0; background: #f3f4f6; overflow-x: hidden; }
    #page-container { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0; overflow: visible; max-width: 100%; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto 24px auto; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: visible; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk-content { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden; box-sizing: border-box; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk style { display: none !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-placeholder { width: 100%; max-width: 900px; margin: 12px auto; padding: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background: #fff; color: #6b7280; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; text-align: center; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded { min-height: 0 !important; }
    .scieee-lazy-chunk.is-loaded > .scieee-lazy-placeholder { display: none; }
    .pf { margin-left: auto !important; margin-right: auto !important; }
  



/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
/* Part 1: Web Page Layout: Free to modify, except for a few of them which are required by pdf2htmlEX.js, see the comments */
#sidebar { /* Sidebar */
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:250px;
  padding:0;
  margin:0px;
  overflow:auto;
}
#page-container { /* PDF container */
  position:absolute; /* required for calculating relative positions of pages in pdf2htmlEX.js */
  top:0;
  left:0px;
  margin:0; 
  padding:0;
  border:0; /* required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test) */
}
@media screen {
  /* for sidebar */
  #sidebar.opened + #page-container { left:250px; }
  #page-container {
    /* `bottom' and `right' are required for lazy page loading in pdf2htmlEX.js (page visibility test)
     * alternatively you may set width and height
     */
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
    overflow:auto;
  }
  .loading-indicator {
    display:none;
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    display:block;
    position:absolute;
    width:64px;
    height:64px;
    top:50%;
    left:50%;
    margin-top:-32px;
    margin-left:-32px;
  }
  .loading-indicator img {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    bottom:0;
    right:0;
  }
}
@media print { 
  @page { margin:0; }
  html { margin:0; }
  body { 
    margin:0; 
    -webkit-print-color-adjust:exact; /* enable printing background images for WebKit */
  }
  #sidebar { display:none; }
  #page-container {
    width:auto;
    height:auto;
    overflow:visible;
    background-color:transparent;
  }
  .d { display:none; }
}
/* Part 2: Page Elements: Modify with caution
 * The followings are base classes, some of which are meant to be override by PDF specific classes
 * So do not increase the specificity (e.g. ".classname" -> "#page-container .classname")
 */
.pf { /* page */
  position:relative;
  background-color:white;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin:0; 
  border:0; /* required by pdf2htmlEX.js for page visibility test */
}
.pc { /* content of a page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
  /* set transform-origin for scaling */
  transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 0%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 0%;
}
.pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
  display:block;
}
.bf { /* images that occupies the whole page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  top:0;
  bottom:0;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
.bi { /* images that cover only a part of the page */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  margin:0;
  -ms-user-select:none;
  -moz-user-select:none;
  -webkit-user-select:none;
  user-select:none;
}
@media print {
  .pf {
    margin:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    page-break-after:always;
    page-break-inside:avoid;
  }
  @-moz-document url-prefix() {
    /* fix page truncation for FireFox */
    .pf {
      overflow:visible;
      border:1px solid #FFFFFF;
    }
    .pc {overflow:visible;}
  }
}
.c { /* clip box */
  position:absolute;
  border:0;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
  overflow:hidden;
  display:block;
}
.t { /* text line */
  position:absolute;
  white-space:pre;
  font-size:1px;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override;/* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
  -moz-font-feature-settings:"liga" 0;/* We don't want Firefox to recognize ligatures */
}
.t:after { /* webkit #35443 */
  content: '';
}
.t:before { /* Workaround Blink(up to 41)/Webkit bug of word-spacing with leading spaces (chromium #404444 and pdf2htmlEX #412) */
  content: '';
  display: inline-block;
}
.t span { /* text blocks within a line */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with negative word-spacing and inline-block (pdf2htmlEX #416), so keep normal span inline. */
  position:relative;
  unicode-bidi:bidi-override; /* For rtl languages, e.g. Hebrew, we don't want the default Unicode behaviour */
}
._ { /* text shift */
  /* Blink(up to 41)/Webkit have bug with inline element, continuous spaces and word-spacing. Workaround by inline-block. */
  display: inline-block;
  color: transparent;
  z-index: -1;
}
/* selection background should not be opaque, for fallback mode */
::selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
::-moz-selection{
  background: rgba(127,255,255,0.4);
}
.pi { /* info for Javascript */
  display:none;
}
.l { /* annotation links */
}
/* transparent color - WebKit */
.d { /* css drawing */
  position:absolute;
  transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -ms-transform-origin:0% 100%;
  -webkit-transform-origin:0% 100%;
}
/* for the forms */
.it {
  border: none;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.0);
}

.ir:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Base CSS END */





/* vim: set shiftwidth=2 tabstop=2 autoindent cindent expandtab filetype=css: */
/*! 
 * Fancy styles for pdf2htmlEX
 * Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang <coolwanglu@gmail.com> 
 * https://github.com/pdf2htmlEX/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
 */
@keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@-webkit-keyframes fadein { from { opacity:0;} to { opacity:1;} }
@keyframes swing {
  0%  { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@-webkit-keyframes swing {
  0%  { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  10% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); }
  90% { -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
  100%{ -webkit-transform: rotate(720deg); }
}
@media screen { 
  #sidebar {
    background-color:#2f3236;
    /* modified from http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#crossstripes */
    background-image:url("scieee-document-assets/asset_278c76fec4fbf2399910664b.svg");
  }
  #outline {
    font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;
    font-size:13px;
    margin:2em 1em;
  }
  #outline ul {
    padding:0;
  }
  #outline li {
    list-style-type:none;
    margin:1em 0;
  }
  #outline li > ul {
    margin-left: 1em;
  }
  #outline a,
  #outline a:visited,
  #outline a:hover,
  #outline a:active {
    line-height:1.2;
    color:#e8e8e8;
    text-overflow:ellipsis;
    white-space:nowrap;
    text-decoration:none;
    display:block;
    overflow:hidden;
    outline:0;
  }
  #outline a:hover {
    color:rgb(0,204,255);
  }
  #page-container {
    background-color:#9e9e9e;
    /* http://philbit.com/svgpatterns/#thinstripes */
    background-image: url("scieee-document-assets/asset_c60347c0de373fe817019620.svg");
    -webkit-transition:left 500ms;
    transition:left 500ms;
  }
  .pf {
    margin: 13px auto;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 1px #333;
    /* Needed by IE to make box-shadow works * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/box-shadow */
    border-collapse: separate;
  }
  .pc.opened { /* used by pdf2htmlEX.js, to show/hide pages */
    -webkit-animation: fadein 100ms;
    animation: fadein 100ms; 
  }
  .loading-indicator.active {
    /* 
     * use 0.01s instead of 0s,
     * since YUI Compressor will change 0s to 0,
     * which is not recognized by Firefox
     */
    -webkit-animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
    animation: swing 1.5s ease-in-out 0.01s infinite alternate none;
  }
  .checked {
    background: no-repeat url(scieee-document-assets/asset_58a067f15ffcfc2435a4b346.png);
  }
}
/* Fancy CSS END */





.ff0{font-family:sans-serif;visibility:hidden;}
@font-face{font-family:ff1;src:url('chunks/assets/font_4982bf1280643212220f3715.woff2')format("woff");}.ff1{font-family:ff1;line-height:0.000000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff2;src:url('chunks/assets/font_8052b8215abc8e7475f2f054.woff2')format("woff");}.ff2{font-family:ff2;line-height:0.960000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
@font-face{font-family:ff3;src:url('chunks/assets/font_80540b2da4b2d836471f62e2.woff2')format("woff");}.ff3{font-family:ff3;line-height:0.976000;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;visibility:visible;font-variant-ligatures:none;font-feature-settings: "liga" 0, "clig" 0, "dlig" 0, "hlig" 0, "calt" 0;}
.m0{transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-ms-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);-webkit-transform:matrix(0.250000,0.000000,0.000000,0.250000,0,0);}
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000px;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:0.000000px;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.108000px;}
.sc_{text-shadow:none;}
.sc0{text-shadow:-0.015em 0 transparent,0 0.015em transparent,0.015em 0 transparent,0 -0.015em  transparent;}
@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){
.sc_{-webkit-text-stroke:0px transparent;}
.sc0{-webkit-text-stroke:0.015em transparent;text-shadow:none;}
}
.ws0{word-spacing:-13.410715px;}
.ws1{word-spacing:0.000000px;}
._1{margin-left:-1.132426px;}
._2{width:1.036868px;}
._0{width:2.156420px;}
._7{width:4.066478px;}
._6{width:5.075998px;}
._b{width:6.714005px;}
._a{width:7.830024px;}
._c{width:8.924314px;}
._5{width:10.562892px;}
._4{width:11.699995px;}
._d{width:13.104062px;}
._1c{width:14.620350px;}
._15{width:16.598659px;}
._8{width:17.658029px;}
._9{width:19.151984px;}
._3{width:20.970014px;}
._14{width:22.283982px;}
._12{width:24.119981px;}
._11{width:25.164017px;}
._1d{width:26.344125px;}
._13{width:27.576007px;}
._16{width:28.979935px;}
._18{width:32.813720px;}
._17{width:33.876093px;}
._19{width:35.099932px;}
._f{width:38.113129px;}
._10{width:39.114011px;}
._1b{width:40.787930px;}
._1a{width:41.939965px;}
._e{width:51.649164px;}
.fc3{color:transparent;}
.fc2{color:rgb(0,0,255);}
.fc1{color:rgb(255,255,255);}
.fc0{color:rgb(0,0,0);}
.fs1{font-size:48.239981px;}
.fs3{font-size:53.999978px;}
.fs0{font-size:59.759976px;}
.fs2{font-size:143.999942px;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000px;}
.y6{bottom:56.879977px;}
.y5{bottom:70.559972px;}
.y4{bottom:84.419966px;}
.y3{bottom:98.099961px;}
.y2{bottom:116.999953px;}
.y30{bottom:146.159942px;}
.y2f{bottom:161.639935px;}
.y2e{bottom:177.839929px;}
.y5b{bottom:192.779923px;}
.y5a{bottom:208.259917px;}
.y2d{bottom:209.519916px;}
.y59{bottom:221.939911px;}
.y2c{bottom:224.999910px;}
.y58{bottom:235.799906px;}
.y2b{bottom:240.479904px;}
.y57{bottom:249.659900px;}
.y2a{bottom:255.959898px;}
.y56{bottom:263.339895px;}
.y29{bottom:271.619891px;}
.y28{bottom:287.099885px;}
.y55{bottom:292.319883px;}
.y27{bottom:303.299879px;}
.y54{bottom:322.919871px;}
.y26{bottom:334.799866px;}
.y53{bottom:338.399865px;}
.y25{bottom:350.459860px;}
.y52{bottom:353.879858px;}
.y24{bottom:365.939854px;}
.y51{bottom:369.359852px;}
.y23{bottom:381.419847px;}
.y50{bottom:385.019846px;}
.y22{bottom:396.899841px;}
.y4f{bottom:400.499840px;}
.y21{bottom:412.379835px;}
.y4e{bottom:415.979834px;}
.y20{bottom:428.039829px;}
.y1f{bottom:444.239822px;}
.y4d{bottom:446.579821px;}
.y4c{bottom:462.059815px;}
.y1e{bottom:475.739810px;}
.y4b{bottom:477.539809px;}
.y1d{bottom:491.219804px;}
.y4a{bottom:493.019803px;}
.y1c{bottom:506.879797px;}
.y49{bottom:508.679797px;}
.y1b{bottom:522.359791px;}
.y48{bottom:524.699790px;}
.y1a{bottom:538.559785px;}
.y47{bottom:556.379777px;}
.y19{bottom:570.059772px;}
.y46{bottom:571.859771px;}
.y18{bottom:585.539766px;}
.y45{bottom:587.519765px;}
.y17{bottom:601.199760px;}
.y44{bottom:602.999759px;}
.y16{bottom:616.679753px;}
.y43{bottom:619.199752px;}
.y15{bottom:632.159747px;}
.y14{bottom:647.639741px;}
.y42{bottom:650.699740px;}
.y13{bottom:663.299735px;}
.y41{bottom:666.179734px;}
.y12{bottom:678.779728px;}
.y40{bottom:681.839727px;}
.y11{bottom:694.259722px;}
.y3f{bottom:697.859721px;}
.y10{bottom:709.739716px;}
.y3e{bottom:729.539708px;}
.yf{bottom:737.459705px;}
.y3d{bottom:745.019702px;}
.y3c{bottom:760.679696px;}
.y3b{bottom:776.159690px;}
.y3a{bottom:791.639683px;}
.y39{bottom:807.119677px;}
.y38{bottom:823.319671px;}
.y37{bottom:854.999658px;}
.y36{bottom:870.479652px;}
.y35{bottom:885.959646px;}
.y34{bottom:901.439639px;}
.y33{bottom:917.099633px;}
.y32{bottom:932.579627px;}
.ye{bottom:933.839626px;}
.y31{bottom:948.779620px;}
.yd{bottom:949.319620px;}
.yc{bottom:964.799614px;}
.yb{bottom:980.279608px;}
.ya{bottom:995.939602px;}
.y9{bottom:1011.419595px;}
.y8{bottom:1066.499573px;}
.y7{bottom:1094.939562px;}
.y1{bottom:1120.499552px;}
.h1{height:0.000000px;}
.h2{height:35.794066px;}
.h4{height:36.517665px;}
.h5{height:40.067984px;}
.h6{height:45.238302px;}
.h3{height:106.847957px;}
.h0{height:1188.000000px;}
.w0{width:918.000000px;}
.x0{left:0.000000px;}
.x1{left:80.999218px;}
.x2{left:84.419216px;}
.x3{left:437.759825px;}
.x4{left:485.999806px;}
.x5{left:607.139757px;}
@media print{
.v0{vertical-align:0.000000pt;}
.ls1{letter-spacing:0.000000pt;}
.ls0{letter-spacing:0.096000pt;}
.ws0{word-spacing:-11.920635pt;}
.ws1{word-spacing:0.000000pt;}
._1{margin-left:-1.006601pt;}
._2{width:0.921661pt;}
._0{width:1.916818pt;}
._7{width:3.614648pt;}
._6{width:4.511998pt;}
._b{width:5.968004pt;}
._a{width:6.960021pt;}
._c{width:7.932724pt;}
._5{width:9.389237pt;}
._4{width:10.399996pt;}
._d{width:11.648055pt;}
._1c{width:12.995867pt;}
._15{width:14.754363pt;}
._8{width:15.696025pt;}
._9{width:17.023986pt;}
._3{width:18.640012pt;}
._14{width:19.807984pt;}
._12{width:21.439983pt;}
._11{width:22.368015pt;}
._1d{width:23.417000pt;}
._13{width:24.512006pt;}
._16{width:25.759942pt;}
._18{width:29.167751pt;}
._17{width:30.112082pt;}
._19{width:31.199940pt;}
._f{width:33.878337pt;}
._10{width:34.768009pt;}
._1b{width:36.255937pt;}
._1a{width:37.279968pt;}
._e{width:45.910368pt;}
.fs1{font-size:42.879983pt;}
.fs3{font-size:47.999981pt;}
.fs0{font-size:53.119979pt;}
.fs2{font-size:127.999949pt;}
.y0{bottom:0.000000pt;}
.y6{bottom:50.559980pt;}
.y5{bottom:62.719975pt;}
.y4{bottom:75.039970pt;}
.y3{bottom:87.199965pt;}
.y2{bottom:103.999958pt;}
.y30{bottom:129.919948pt;}
.y2f{bottom:143.679943pt;}
.y2e{bottom:158.079937pt;}
.y5b{bottom:171.359931pt;}
.y5a{bottom:185.119926pt;}
.y2d{bottom:186.239926pt;}
.y59{bottom:197.279921pt;}
.y2c{bottom:199.999920pt;}
.y58{bottom:209.599916pt;}
.y2b{bottom:213.759914pt;}
.y57{bottom:221.919911pt;}
.y2a{bottom:227.519909pt;}
.y56{bottom:234.079906pt;}
.y29{bottom:241.439903pt;}
.y28{bottom:255.199898pt;}
.y55{bottom:259.839896pt;}
.y27{bottom:269.599892pt;}
.y54{bottom:287.039885pt;}
.y26{bottom:297.599881pt;}
.y53{bottom:300.799880pt;}
.y25{bottom:311.519875pt;}
.y52{bottom:314.559874pt;}
.y24{bottom:325.279870pt;}
.y51{bottom:328.319869pt;}
.y23{bottom:339.039864pt;}
.y50{bottom:342.239863pt;}
.y22{bottom:352.799859pt;}
.y4f{bottom:355.999858pt;}
.y21{bottom:366.559853pt;}
.y4e{bottom:369.759852pt;}
.y20{bottom:380.479848pt;}
.y1f{bottom:394.879842pt;}
.y4d{bottom:396.959841pt;}
.y4c{bottom:410.719836pt;}
.y1e{bottom:422.879831pt;}
.y4b{bottom:424.479830pt;}
.y1d{bottom:436.639825pt;}
.y4a{bottom:438.239825pt;}
.y1c{bottom:450.559820pt;}
.y49{bottom:452.159819pt;}
.y1b{bottom:464.319814pt;}
.y48{bottom:466.399813pt;}
.y1a{bottom:478.719809pt;}
.y47{bottom:494.559802pt;}
.y19{bottom:506.719797pt;}
.y46{bottom:508.319797pt;}
.y18{bottom:520.479792pt;}
.y45{bottom:522.239791pt;}
.y17{bottom:534.399786pt;}
.y44{bottom:535.999786pt;}
.y16{bottom:548.159781pt;}
.y43{bottom:550.399780pt;}
.y15{bottom:561.919775pt;}
.y14{bottom:575.679770pt;}
.y42{bottom:578.399769pt;}
.y13{bottom:589.599764pt;}
.y41{bottom:592.159763pt;}
.y12{bottom:603.359759pt;}
.y40{bottom:606.079758pt;}
.y11{bottom:617.119753pt;}
.y3f{bottom:620.319752pt;}
.y10{bottom:630.879748pt;}
.y3e{bottom:648.479741pt;}
.yf{bottom:655.519738pt;}
.y3d{bottom:662.239735pt;}
.y3c{bottom:676.159730pt;}
.y3b{bottom:689.919724pt;}
.y3a{bottom:703.679719pt;}
.y39{bottom:717.439713pt;}
.y38{bottom:731.839707pt;}
.y37{bottom:759.999696pt;}
.y36{bottom:773.759690pt;}
.y35{bottom:787.519685pt;}
.y34{bottom:801.279679pt;}
.y33{bottom:815.199674pt;}
.y32{bottom:828.959668pt;}
.ye{bottom:830.079668pt;}
.y31{bottom:843.359663pt;}
.yd{bottom:843.839662pt;}
.yc{bottom:857.599657pt;}
.yb{bottom:871.359651pt;}
.ya{bottom:885.279646pt;}
.y9{bottom:899.039640pt;}
.y8{bottom:947.999621pt;}
.y7{bottom:973.279611pt;}
.y1{bottom:995.999602pt;}
.h1{height:0.000000pt;}
.h2{height:31.816947pt;}
.h4{height:32.460147pt;}
.h5{height:35.615986pt;}
.h6{height:40.211824pt;}
.h3{height:94.975962pt;}
.h0{height:1056.000000pt;}
.w0{width:816.000000pt;}
.x0{left:0.000000pt;}
.x1{left:71.999305pt;}
.x2{left:75.039303pt;}
.x3{left:389.119844pt;}
.x4{left:431.999827pt;}
.x5{left:539.679784pt;}
}




    .paper-inline-ad { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 13px auto; max-width: 100%; min-height: 120px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e5e7eb; overflow: hidden; }
    .paper-inline-ad-label { padding: 6px 10px 0 10px; font: 10px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #9ca3af; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; }
    .paper-inline-ad-slot { min-height: 100px; }
    .paper-inline-ad--internal { padding: 0; }
    .paper-internal-promo { padding: 14px 16px 16px 16px; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; line-height: 1.45; color: #374151; }
    .paper-internal-promo-title { font-size: 17px; font-weight: 800; color: #111827; margin-bottom: 7px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-body { margin-bottom: 12px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
    .paper-internal-promo-actions a { display: inline-block; padding: 7px 10px; border: 1px solid #d1d5db; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; color: #111827; background: #f9fafb; font-weight: 700; }